Chilblains

Chilblains, also known as pernio, are caused by the inflammation of small blood vessels in the skin and are a common reaction to extreme cold. Chilblains, an injury caused by exposure to cold, are more prevalent in northern latitudes.
- Chilblains are characterized by patches of red, itchy, swollen, and painful skin, most frequently on the fingers, toes, ears, and nose. Discoloration, blistering, and even ulceration of the skin are possible side effects. Cold temperatures followed by rapid warming can cause a localized inflammatory response in the skin, resulting in chilblains.
- Keeping the extremities warm, avoiding sudden temperature fluctuations, and keeping the blood flowing well are common preventative measures against chilblains. In severe or persistent occurrences, it's recommended to seek medical assistance, as complications can arise, such as infection or tissue damage. Chilblains are a mild form of cold injury, but frostbite, in which the skin and underlying tissues are damaged, is much more serious.