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This report complements the forthcoming OTA assessment on water and agriculture in U.S. arid/semiarid lands. The full assessment focuses on U.S. experience. Foreign experience is also important, however, particularly as U.S. agricultural, economic, and foreign aid interests are increasingly linked with those of other countries. The global significance of agricultural research and development on arid/semiarid lands is underscored by the fact that as much as 20 percent of the Earth's surface is arid and semiarid, containing nearly 16 percent of the world's population.Described are selected foreign experiences using technology to develop and sustain agriculture in arid lands. The selection of examples was based on three broad considerations: 1) availability of current reliable information, 2) variety of examples both in land use and technology type, and 3) projects of potential interest and relevance to the United States. The examples include breeding crops for drought resistance, game ranching, improving irrigation management, developing rubber production from arid/semiarid plants, and adopting technology-intensive water programs and policies. U.S. cooperative efforts with some of these experiments and technology transfer considerations for U.S. arid/semiarid agriculture are also discussed.This paper was prepared by OTA Project Director Barbara Lausche based on extensive contractor research and with the assistance of OTA Food and Renewable Resources Program staff listed in this paper. OTA wishes to thank and acknowledge the Water and Arid/Semiarid Agriculture Advisory Panel and other contributors noted in the footnotes to this document who provided helpful materials and reviews to the OTA staff.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is recognized throughout the world as the father of astronautics. He was largely self-educated and in later life worked under extremely difficult conditions in an atmosphere that combined indifference with hostility and ridicule. But his extreme dedication to the idea of space flight never left him. Tsiolkovsky was 60 years old when the October Revolution of 1917 took place, yet most of his scientific papers were written after the revolution. At the time of his death in 1935 they exceeded 500. The tremendous advances of soviet science and technology culminated, in 1957, in the world's first spacecraft - Sputnik I, thus bringing to fruition the prophetic ideas of the great Russian pioneer of astronautics. This volume contains a selection of some of Tsiolkovsky's more important scientific works.

The preservation idea, born in Yellowstone, spread around the world. Scores of nations have preserved areas of natural beauty and historical worth so that all mankind will have the opportunity to reflect on their natural and cultural heritage, and to return to nature and be spiritually reborn in it.Of all the benefits from Yellowstone National Park, this may be the greatest.

This report grew out of a 10-week program in engineering systems design held at Stanford University and the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration during the summer of 1975. The project brought together nineteen professors of engineering, physical science, social science, and architecture, and two co-directors. This group worked for ten weeks to construct a convincing picture of how people might permanently sustain life in space on a large scale. The goal of the summer study was to design a system for the colonization of space. This report, like the design itself, is intended to be as technologically complete and sound as it could be made in ten weeks, but it is also meant for a readership beyond that of the aerospace community. Because the idea of colonizing space has awakened strong public interest, the report is written to be understood by the educated public and specialists in other fields. It also includes considerable background material.The technical director, Gerard K. O'Neill of Princeton University, made essential contributions by providing information based on his notes and calculations from six years of prior work on space colonization and by carefully reviewing the technical aspects of the study.

This report has been prepared for design engineers, developers, and regulatory agency personnel interested in either designing new canal systems or rehabilitating existing ones. It describes the rational approach to canal design, the basic theory describing canal hydrodynamics and dispersion, guidelines for canal design, site surveys, canal design elements, and a procedure for evaluating an existing or proposed canal network.At the time of the original publication, F. W. Morris IV was Senior Water Resource Engineer of the South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida.

The potential value of trees and shrubs, as determined from a study of a variety of shelterbelts and urban screen plantings in southeastern Nebraska, appears to be very good. Reductions of sound levels (attenuations) in the order of 5 to 8 decibels are common, and attenuations of 10 decibels (approximately half as loud) are not unusual for wide belts of tall, dense trees. When the difference in level is based on a comparison of tree-shrub-grass combinations with hard surfaces, the worth of trees and shrubs is even more evident and attenuations of 8 to 12 decibels are common. Occasional reductions of 15 decibels or greater (1/3 as loud) have been noted but these are attributed to exceptionally advantageous temporary atmospheric conditions. The relative effects of tree species, height and belt width are discussed in some detail. In general, wide belts of tall trees are most effective. Species do not appear to differ greatly in their ability to reduce noise levels, provided deciduous varieties are in full leaf. Thus, evergreens are desirable for year-round noise screening. Relative placement of noise screens between sound source and protected area is of great importance; a screen placed relatively close to a noise source is more effective than one placed close to an area to be protected.

In one form or another, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been employed for over 2,000 years. Lt Col Richard M. Clark's Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles: Airpower by the People, For the People, But Not with the People, draws on that long history to gauge what the future may hold for uninhabited combat aerial vehicles (UCAV). The United States (US) Air Force's experience with UCAVs dates back to World War I and the US Army Air Service's order for 25 Kettering Bugs, explosive-laden unmanned minibiplanes. Over the next 60 years, the Air Force continued to experiment with-and periodically employ-UAVs/UCAVs in peace and war. Operational results were decidedly mixed. The Air Force abandoned UCAV development in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, but by the 1990s there was a marked resurgence of interest in UCAVs as a means of "doing more with less" while reducing combat risks to pilots. Given the problematic history of UAVs/UCAVs, knowledge of past experience could prove beneficial to the current generation of UCAV developers and planners. To that end, Colonel Clark examines technological obstacles that have handicapped UCAVs historically and which could continue to impede their future evolution. He then turns to more contemporary organizational and cultural issues that might hinder integration of UCAVs into the force. Clark concludes his study by proposing answers to two fundamental questions: (1) What are the major obstacles to UCAVs achieving meaningful operational status in the Air Force, and (2) Can those obstacles be overcome? Originally written as a master's thesis for Air University's School of Advanced Airpower Studies (SAAS), Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles won the 1999 Air Force Armament Museum Foundation Prize as the best SAAS thesis on technology and aerospace power. The College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education is pleased to make this timely study available to the Air Force and beyond. JAMES R. W. TITUS Dean of Research Air University

With the advent of increasingly more efficient light sources, interior lighting levels have continued to rise dramatically. However, in many cases these higher lighting levels caused more complaints than the previously lower lighting levels. This was because many of the lighting engineers who designed the newer lighting layouts ignored, or were ignorant of, many parameters that need to be considered other than illumination levels. A knowledgeable background in lighting fundamentals includes a thorough understanding of such topics as equivalent sphere illumination, visual comfort probability, daylighting, and controls.

Throughout history, man has been fascinated by the mysteries that lay hidden below the ocean surface. Jules Verne, the 19th century novelist, author of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, captured the imagination and curiosity of the public with his fictional -but nonetheless farsighted- accounts of undersea exploration and adventure. Since his classic portrayal of life beneath the ocean, technology has enabled us to bridge the gap between Jules Verne's fiction and the realities that are found in ocean space. Although the technological triumphs in ocean exploration are phenomenal, the extent of our current knowledge about the resources that lie in the seabed is very limited. In 1983, the United States asserted control over the ocean resources within a 200- nautical mile band off its coast, as did a large number of other maritime countries. Within this so-called Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a vast area of seabed that might contain significant amounts of minerals. It is truly the Nation's "New Frontier." This report on exploring the EEZ for its mineral potential is in response to a joint request from the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. It examines the current knowledge about the hard mineral resources within the EEZ, explores the economic and security potential of seabed resources, assesses the technologies available to both explore for and mine those resources, identifies issues that face the Congress and the executive branch, and finally presents options to the Congress for dealing with these issues. Substantial assistance was received from many organizations and individuals in the course of this study. We would like to express special thanks to the OTA advisory panel; the numerous participants in our workshops; the project's contractors and consultants for contributing their special expertise; the staffs of the executive agencies that gave selflessly of their knowledge and counsel; the many reviewers who kept us intellectually honest and factually accurate; and our sister congressional agency, the Congressional Research Service, for making available its expertise in seabed minerals. OTA, however, remains solely responsible for the contents of this Report. JOHN H. GIBBONS Director, Office of Technology Assessment

This manual provides guidance for planning, layout, and design of small boat harbor projects. These projects include boat basins, boat ramps, and channels. Small boats are classified as recreational craft, fishing boats, or other small commercial craft with lengths less than 100 ft. The goal of a good design is to provide a safe, efficient, and economical project for small vessels, with consideration to social and environmental factors.

Until the 15th century, Spain was only a distant participant in the general movement of European affairs. The different kingdoms sharing the Spanish peninsula were individually too weak to pursue an energetic foreign policy. The marriage of royal cousins, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, in 1469 brought stability to both kingdoms. Both understood the importance of unity; together they effected institutional reform, such as in the Spanish Reformation, and left Spain one of the best administered countries in Europe. William Hickling Prescott (1796-1859) was the first American to win international acclaim as an historian. Prescott has stood the test of time and is as fascinating to read today as he must have been 100 years ago.

This is a reprint of the official SEABEE Combat Handbook prepared by the Naval Education and Training Program Development Center of the United States Navy.Contents:History and Organization of the SEABEESSpecial Clothing and EquipmentLeadership and Physical FitnessService Rifle and Pistol and MarksmanshipOrganic Support Weapons: M203, Law, and Machine GunsOrganic Support Weapon: 81-mm MortarHand Grenades, Land Mines, and Booby TrapsOrganic Communications EquipmentShelters, Bunkers, and EntanglementsIndividual Protective MeasuresCombat Maneuvers and FormationsPatrols and AmbushTroop Movement and Bivouac SitesDefensive CombatLand NavigationEvasion, Survival, and EscapeRules of WarFirst Aid and Field SanitationChemical, Biological, and Radiological (CBR) DefenseGlossary of Common Military TermsIndex

CONTENTSPrefaceIntroduction to the American EditionThe Point of View of the Utopian SocialistsThe Point of View of Scientific SocialismThe Historical Development of the Anarchist DoctrineProudhonBakounineThe Smaller FryThe So-called Anarchist Tactics. Their MoralityThe Bourgeoisie, Anarchism, and Socialism

This volume presents seven short stories of pirates and robbers, all published originally during the busy years in which Defoe's work as a novelist was done. They were, no doubt, thrown off in haste by a busy writer, and they do not rank with his masterpieces; yet they exhibit the same powers, and they deserve to be known.Contents:IntroductionThe King of Pirates: Captain AveryThe Cartoucheans in FranceThe History of the Remarkable Life of John SheppardA Narrative of All the Robberies, Escapes, &c., of John SheppardThe Life and Actions of Jonathan WildThe Adventures of Captain John GowLives of Six Notorious Street-Robbers

Diary of a Criminologist was written amidst the everyday hustle and bustle of crime detection (in the Soviet Union). "I look back on my years as a criminologist with a warm feeling of gratitude, for I am indebted to them for many of my themes, situations, characters and plots."

This manual provides guidance for the design and construction of coastal residential structures able to resist damage from flood, wind, and erosion hazards. Included herein are discussions of new residential structures - principally detached single-family, attached single-family (townhouse), and low-rise (three-story or less) multifamily houses. Non-residential structures of similar sizes, loads, and construction can also be considered by interpreting the data and procedures found in this manual, as can retrofitting of existing structures.

"There is no doubt that the book is one of the most original and valuable contributions to the study of Teutonic Mythology that have appeared since the great work of Grimm."- Atheneum Viktor Rydberg (1828-1895) was an author, journalist, distinguished scholar and controversial religious dissenter. A most important Swedish writer who for many years was a significant influence on Swedish national culture, he was elected to the Swedish Academy in 1877. From 1884 - 1895 he was professor of cultural history at Stockholms Hoegskola.

This is an authentic and comprehensive record of the trial (November 1980 - January 1981) of the two counter-revolutionary cliques of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. Here one will find:An account of the major crimes of the Gang of Four and other principal defendants, and of the disasters they brought to the country and people during the "cultural revolution;"Highlights of court hearings and court debates; Documents: Indictment and Verdict;Names of judges, prosecutors, lawyers and defendants, statistics and a map;A preface by the noted sociologist Professor Fei Hsiao Tung, who has taken part in the trial as a member of the panel of judges; and56 on-the-spot pictures in 12 pages.

This volume presents some of the finest of the myths and legends with which the story of Ireland begins. The book is a representative one on the subject, by describing briefly the chief periods of Irish romance.Contents:Irish Myth and LegendLegends of the Earliest ColonistsThe Gaelic OlympusThe Fate of the Children of LirThe Red Branch CycleThe Fate of the Sons of UsnachThe Gaelic IliadThe Fianna EirinnLove Stories of the Heroic TimesMemorials of the Heroic Period of Irish HistoryThe Comic Spirit in Gaelic Story

Senior's Political Economy, published in 1836, has hitherto been regarded as the quintessence of his literary productions. Economists have generally mistakenly taken it for granted that with the publication of that work the author's economic contributions prematurely came to an end. These original documents, constituting the author's matured views on the general principles of economics, have been carefully arranged in logical sequence and embodied in the present comprehensive work. The scope of this treatise is confined to Senior's matured, or latest, views on the general principles of economics. Nassau William Senior (1790-1864) - economist, critical essayist and government adviser - was a highly original classical economist in the era between Ricardo's Principles of 1817 and Mill's Principles of 1848. He was the first Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, and in his published works he made original contributions to the theory of value, rent, population, money, and international trade. Senior was an active proponent of laissez-faire. Although Senior did not achieve the originality and influence of the leading economists of the classical school - Smith, Ricardo, and Malthus - he did make an enduring contribution on the development of economics. John Stuart Mill took much effort to respond to Senior.

Heraldry has been defined by one writer as the shorthand of history, and for the full appreciation of the meaning of countless devices in medieval illuminations, stained glass, on monuments and seals, etc., it is altogether indispensable. There are chapters on the value of heraldry to genealogist and historian, arms borne on shield, earliest devices of a structural origin, guiding rules and phraseology, blazoning of arms and animals used as charges, allusive and canting heraldry, accessory features and supporters, the use and nature of badges, mottos, heraldic furs, playing cards, and plenty more. Illustrated with 194 figures in text. This title is cited and recommended by Books for College Libraries.

Comte de Mirabeau (Honore Gabriel Riquetti, 1749-1791), a French revolutionary leader, was the most important figure in the first two years of the French revolution. The two representative Frenchmen of the eighteenth century are Voltaire and Mirabeau. Voltaire was the last great influence of the old order, and Mirabeau the first of the new. Voltaire, more than any other one man, undammed the torrent of Revolution. Mirabeau used all the strength of his mighty genius to turn those rushing waters into the channel of use, of wisdom, and of safety. These two notable men have inspired the present biographer, who has the distinction of having written what may be regarded as the definitive life of each. The Life of Mirabeau is, like The Life of Voltaire, a penetrating study of character combined with a dramatic conception of Voltaire's role in history. S. G. Tallentyre is also the author of The Life of Voltaire and The Friends of Voltaire.

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1907 Edition.

Theodore Roosevelt has produced an animated and intensely interesting biography of Gouverneur Morris (1752-1816), the early American politician, businessman, diplomat and statesman who was the New York representative to the Continental Congress, This title is cited and recommended by Books for College Libraries and the Catalogue of the Lamont Library, Harvard College.

The biography of Thomas Hart Benton (1782-1858) - orator, statesman, author and political figure, by President Theodore Roosevelt. This title is cited and recommended by Books for College Libraries; Catalogue of the Lamont Library, Harvard College; Guide to the Study of the United States of America; and Literature of American History.

Most people know their "Robinson Crusoe," and have heard of the author Defoe. But how many of us have heard even the name of Woodes Rogers, Master Mariner? or have read his quaint Journal of a cruising voyage round the world in 1712. Yet it was this Woodes Rogers who not only discovered the original Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk, but after making a "note of him when found" upon the island of Juan Fernandez, at once proceeded to make very practical use of him by giving him command of the "Increase," one of many small prizes taken in the South Seas from the Spaniards by the ships under Woodes' command.

CONTENTSD'Alembert: The Thinker (1717-1783)Diderot: The Talker (1713-1784)Galiani: The Wit (1728-1787)Vauvenargues: The Aphorist (1715-1747)D'Holbach: The Host (1723-1789)Grimm: The Journalist (1723-1807)Helvétius: The Contradiction (1715-1771)Turgot: The Statesman (1727-1781)Beaumarchais: The Playwright (1732-1799)Condorcet: The Aristocrat (1743-1794)Index

This work, on its appearance, made an epoch in the treatment of educational theory in Germany. Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz was born in 1805. In 1833 he became Professor of Philosophy at Koningsberg, and occupied for forty-six years, until his death in 1879, the chair held for twenty-four years by the celebrated Herbart, and for thirty-four years by the still more celebrated Kant. He wrote extensive works on philosophy and literature, and published the present work in 1848.

This is a monograph for geophysicists and geologists on methods of studying oil and gas strata by means of a combination of geological and geophysical techniques, based on concrete data from the fields of the North Caucasus. It deals with the geophysical and geological interpretation of well logs to study regional structure, and the application of well-log data to study of reservoirs and estimation of oil and gas potential. At the time of original publication in the Soviet Union, Professor Simon Itenberg, D.Sc., held the chair of geophysics at the Grozny Oil Institute. Following ten years of practical well-site experience, he has been researching into the problems of well-site geophysics for the past 27 years. From 1966 to 1969 Professor Itenberg worked in India as a U.N. expert in this field. He has over 60 publications to his name, including textbooks and monographs.

Swift as a hardworking clergyman, caring for the poor, upholding a standard of decency in worship which was then almost unknown, practicing habits of prayer which he carefully concealed from the eyes of his friends - such is the theme of this book, which, omitting the well-worn subjects dear to the literary critic, succeeds in giving a new picture of the man himself. The real purpose of these chapters is to give an outline of Swift's religious life, and to sketch something of the work he did during his thirty-two years as Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. It is particularly necessary to do this in Swift's case, because he himself was so singularly unwilling to advertise the fact that he had a religion of any sort. At the first casual glance Swift would seem to have little interest in Christianity. It does not leap to the mind at once that Swift was a Church dignitary. Far more publicity attaches to his writings than to his Deanship. The average reader thinks of Swift as the author of Gulliver's Travels and as the writer of bitterly cutting and often scurrilous satires. He does not often realize that Swift was a great Dean.