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After presenting a general survey of spiritual practice in the different schools of Indian philosophy, the author focuses on the Trika School, popularly called Kashmir Shaivism. He deals clearly and exhaustively with such topics as Shaktipat (the descent of Divine Grace), Diksha (initiation), and the role of the Guru. His treatment of the various paths (upayas) appropriate for the different types of practitioners is especially useful.The book ends with a chapter on enlightenment (jivanmukti). This chapter not only presents the meaning of self-realization-in-this-lifetime, but offers material on this topic for the first time in English.

This book provides descriptions, instructions, and exercises to help readers master government budgeting as it is actually practiced. University courses and training programs serving present and future state and local officials and staff will learn how to do public budgeting in this relevant, practical, and useful workbook. Each chapter presents techniques followed by step-by-step instructions complete with examples to help students learn the material. Self-test exercises conclude each chapter.

List of Figures Preface Introduction PART ONE: HUMANNESS, METAPHYSICS, AND BEING 1. Secular Meditations Death Birth Embodiment Consciousness Self-Identity Space Time Interconnectedness 2. The Many Dimensions of Humanness Experience and Conceptualization Flatland: An Imaginative Model Imagination and Judgment Intentionality Sensing Conceptualization Reference to Being Implicit Features of Inwardness 3. Toward a Definition of Humanness Observational Differences The Proximate Inner Ground: Rationality The Ultimate Ground: Metaphysicality "Soul" as Center of Meaning The Human Being as the Sick Animal The Human Being as Religious Animal The Human Being as Historical 4. Metaphysics and Practicality The Meaning of Practicality Immanence Transcendence Relativity of Norms Levels of Transcendence Subjectivity and the Sacred Immanence and Transcendence Metaphysics and Practicality 5. Abstract and Concrete Identifying the Context of the Terms Bodiliness and Concreteness Concreteness and Universality Object, Subject, Praxis PART TWO: READING THE TRADITION Section A. The Ancient-Medieval Tradition 6. Parmenides "Heart" as Starting Point The Logic of Being Historical Aftermath Heidegger's Approach 7. Plato Metaphor and Allegory Dreaming in the Cave In the Light Geometry as Paradigm Eros and the Good Epilogue on Plotinus 8. Aristotle Empiricism and the Principles of Changing Being The Hierarchy of Changing Being Knowing and Being Revisiting the One and the Good 9. Aquinas Being and the Sensorily Given Essence-Esse and God Assimilation and Transformation of Aristotle "The Mystical" Analogy and the Transcendentals Presence to Being Section B. The Modern Tradition 10. Rene Descartes Methodic Doubt and the Cogito Being and God Cogito, World, God Response 11. Baruch Spinoza Being as a Single Substance Freedom Unity Response 12. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz The Monad Hierarchy First Principles Response 13. Immanuel Kant The Ground of Kant's Thought Sensibility Categories Reason The Moral Order Critique of Judgment Response 14. G.W.F. Hegel The Comprehension of Christian Revelation The Phenomenology of Spirit The Logic of the Logos Nature and Spirit Absolute Spirit Response 15. Alfred North Whitehead Whitehead and Modern Physics Whitehead and Plato Response 16. Martin Heidegger Situating Heidegger Being, Truth, and Being-in-the-World The Light of Being Historicity and Authenticity The Play of the Fourfold The History of Truth and the Return to Meditative Thinking Response Epilogue: The Metaphysical Basis of Dialogical Pluralism Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index

The author develops a phenomenological theory of the social structure of immediate experience. At the heart of this study is a theory of habitual sensitivity that originates in the writings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and John Dewey. The author develops this theory as an alternative to Schutz's theory of taken-for-granted knowledge, which has had a pervasive influence on how phenomenology has been understood and applied within sociology. Each chapter expands on Ostrow's claim that the world is inherently social, by virtue of the sensitivity that immerses us within it before it ever becomes an object of reflection.

This book begins with a comprehensive historical section that places the New Age within the context of its predecessor movements. It then focuses on specialized aspects of this subculture, from essays on the convergence of New Age spirituality with women's spirituality, to an essay on how Evangelical Christians have responded to the movement. The book also examines the international impact of the New Age.

This is the first and only book in English on modern Chinese Buddhism written by a practicing Chinese monk. Chen-hua provides a rare eyewitness account of Chinese monastic life and Buddhist practices before they were changed forever by the Communist revolution. It begins with his departure from home in northern China to study Buddhism in Kiansu and Chekiang in the south and ends with his rejoining the monastic order in Taiwan after spending several years as a draftee in the Nationalist army.Following century-old traditions of Ch'an monks, Chen-hua made prilgrimages to all the major monasteries and holy sites, and sought instruction from many famous masters. His ordination at Pao-hua; "Buddha recitation weeks" at Ling-yen; scriptural studies at T'ien-ning; and a pilgrimage to P'u-t'o, the sacred island of Kuan-yin, are some of the highlights of this candid and perceptive book.The Introduction by Chun-fang Yu places the work in a historical perspective. Notes, a glossary of Chinese terms, maps, and photos help readers who are new to the field.

In a highly readable and lively text, the authors explore the way language mirrors our cultural assumptions, especially those concerned with gender distinctions. Focusing on contemporary issues, they draw on their knowledge of sociolinguistics and other languages to illustrate how sexism may be hidden by habits of language. In making the reader aware of these, they suggest options for change.Language and the Sexes synthesizes a wide range of up-to-date information and research under several topics: naming, stereotypes of language behavior, the politics of conversation, forms of address, asymmetry in vocabulary, and possibilities of reform. The book concludes with suggested projects related to these topics, guidelines for non-discriminatory language use, and an extensive bibliography.

This revised edition of John E. Smith's classic details the phenomenal growth in American philosophy in the years since the book first appeared. Through the addition of a new chapter and the readdressing of earlier material, Smith advances his reflections on the present decade. The book also considers the impact of British linguistic philosophy and other currents of thought abroad on classical American philosophy.

Shows how dominant commercial media practices secure a hold among and affect diverse national cultures.

This study examines the consequences of cultural development on the emergence of contemporary sport. The current preoccupation with statistics and reductionist theories has objectified athletic performance to the extent that the scoreboard identifies excellence. Gibson offers an alternative position that focuses on the relationship of the athlete to the sport.

Examines the works of seven Adirondack writers.

Exploring the nature of texts, this book explains how scriptures function within religions. Topics covered include the oral dimensions of scripture, canon formation, a study of the word in Hindu life, and the role of text in Buddhism.

Political violence and military repression have displaced some two million people in Central America in the 1980s. While conflict elsewhere in Central America has received considerable attention, the war against an unarmed civilian population in Guatemala has largely been hidden from the outside world. The military have waged a particularly brutal and extensive counter-insurgency campaign, leaving thousands dead and prompting several hundred thousand to flee to neighboring countries.In Refugees of a Hidden War, the author examines in detail three predominantly Indian regions in northern Guatemala, reconstructing the devastation and its aftermath from the perspective of those who lived through it and its impact on the culture of the Maya Indian peasants. Individual community experiences are placed in the context of the country's pattern of land ownership and unequal exercise of political and economic power, typical of Central America. Manz also assesses the critical situation of Guatemalan refugees in southern Mexico and the prospects for their repatriation.Refugees of a Hidden War presents the first extensive fieldwork in Guatemala since the mass violence of the early 1980s. This micro look at Guatemalan community life provides important insights on the roots of conflict in Central America.

The heightened interest in and the rapid expansion of adult education has become a trend in a variety of environments. In order to serve these developing areas, educators, personnel directors, as well as staff development specialists require improved methods for planning learning activities within their own unique organizational contexts.In The Organization and Planning of Adult Education Kowalski examines the issues created by providing a social service in diverse organizational settings and presents a format for initiating and developing adult education programs. In order to comprehend the complexity of the context of programming within an organization, two novel components are included: first, a typology of sponsoring organizations is presented. This allows the reader to study program development in greater detail through a categorization of the sponsoring institutions. Second, organizational theory is applied to the process of programming in adult education. To be successful, the adult educator must be able to analyze both the existing organizational climate as well as to devise programs compatible with this environment. Kowalski has written a valuable resource and guide for those faced with the responsibilities of planning adult education programs in their own particular setting.

J. C. Chatterji's book is a brief introduction to the nature of ultimate reality and the manifestation of the universe according to the Trika System. It also covers, briefly, the history of this advaita Shaiva philosophy of Kashmir. First published in 1914 as the first book in "The Kashmir Series of Texts and Studies," it is still the clearest introduction to the Tattvas of the Trika.Since the lower twenty-five of the thirty-six Trika Tattvas represent the entire universe from the Samkhya point of view, here also is a very clear exposition of the Samkhya Tattvas. The only difference is that, while the Purusha and the Prakriti are the final realities for Samkhya, they are but derivatives according to the Trika, which, carrying the analysis further, recognizes eleven additional Tattvas above the Purusha.

Challenges the conventional view of the nature of time.

Mysticism in India is a complete and informative description of the teachings, works, and lives of the great poet-saints of Maharashtra written by a scholar and professor who was also a mystic. Jnaneshwar, Namadev, Tukaram, Eknath, Ramdas, and the other saints discussed belonged to the great devotional religious movement that spread through medieval India. With the exception of Ramdas, they all belonged to the tradition of the Varkaris, the most popular sect in contemporary Maharashtra. Their compositions exemplify the universality of their faith and practice, and are recognized as literary treasures.Ranade was primarily interested in the poet-saints as mystics-teachers of the perennial philosophy-whose experiences have general metaphysical and religious implications. At the heart of his classic is a comprehensive, objective presentation of the thought of these saints, augmented by a deep appreciation of their value and relevance to present-day scholars and seekers.Mysticism in India is the only major study in English of medieval Indian religious literature. The book's enduring value has been enhanced by the addition of a foreword by a scholar currently working in Marathi literature, and a preface by a present-day poet-saint of Maharashtra.

Written in 1821-22 at a crucial point in Cooper's life and based on some of his most cherished youthful memories, The Pioneers today evokes the American pioneering experience with astonishing vibrance of authentic detail and a largeness of philosophic grasp seldom if ever equaled in our fiction.The circumstances behind the composition and publication of the book are here explained for the first time; and the text, originally set without competent supervision in the midst of the yellow fever epidemic in New York in 1822, is presented with the cumulative improvements of Cooper's "strenuous pen" in five subsequent revisions, without the customary accumulation of compositorial errors.Quite possibly America's first bestseller (3,500 copies were sold within hours of publication), The Pioneers became the first of the world-famous Leatherstocking Tales. Its verbal pictures "excited a sensation among the artists, altogether unprecedented in the history of our domestic literature" and helped establish the style of the Hudson River School, our first group of landscape painters. Translated early into all the major languages of Europe, The Pioneers was one of the first American novels to carry distinctive, authoritative American experience to the world.

How does ethics influence the myriad ways we engage difference within educational settings?

Explores contemporary controversies in bioethics from a Hindu perspective.

Highlights successful communication practices at Dell, General Electric, Microsoft, and Monsanto.

Preface 1. Introduction: A Decade for Difference 2. Negative Peace: The Continuum of Violence 3. Positive Peace: Economic and Social Justice 4. Women's Roles in the Politics and Conceptualization of Peace 5. Women's Visions of Peace: Images of Global Security Appendix 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Excerpts) Appendix 2. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Excerpts) Appendix 3. United Nations Agencies Concerned with Women's Issues Appendix 4. Nongovernmental Organizations and Institutes Concerned with Women and Global Issues Appendix 5. Selected Bibliography on Women and Global Security Issues Notes References Index

Many factors contribute to the way individuals come to an understanding of what schooling is about and where it might be headed. This book explores the role of popular culture in that process.The authors illustrate how powerful and suggestive images and ideas about teachers, learning, and other aspects of schooling are constructed in the "texts" of various modes of popular culture. As a basis for further inquiry, the book describes important tendencies and patterns in the representation of aspects of schooling. It also provides examples of analytical approaches and strategies for thinking about the significance of patterns with respect to questions of meaning, power, and pedagogy in schooling practices. At the interface of educational and cultural studies, the book encourages inquiry into mainstream popular culture, and explores how this culture contributes to forms of discourse about the nature and direction of schooling.

This book shows that mysticism is incomplete without scientific rationalism, and that our current social and political projects cannot be completed without assimilating the values and practices of mysticism. It discusses cross-cultural ethics, mysticism and value theory, mysticism and metaphysics, mysticism and the theory of knowledge, ethics and religion, parapsychology, patriarchy, and social and political history.

Who are the women who became engineers in the 1970s and 1980s?How have they fared in the most male-dominated profession in America? This is the first book to answer these questions. It explores the backgrounds, family lives, work experiences, and attitudes of engineers in order to explain the unequal patterns of career development for women, who generally hold lower positions and receive fewer promotions than their male counterparts. McIlwee and Robinson synthesize two theoretical approaches frequently used to explain the status of women in the workforce-gender role and structural theories-providing new insights into improving women's careers in traditionally male occupations.

Although this volume deals with the part of al-¿abar¿'s History covering the years 12 and 13 (633-35), in the caliphates of Ab¿ Bakr al-¿idd¿q and ¿Umar ibn al-Khä¿¿b, the narratives contained in it, which are lengthy and detailed, are concerned with the first Muslim conquests in Iraq and Syria. Although it might be expected, therefore, that this volume would be a basic source for these conquests, the actual value of the bulk of the reported traditions is in considerable doubt because most of the material is derived from a later Kufan traditionist, Sayf b. 'Umar (d. 170-93/786-809), who apparently exaggerated and distorted his material considerably. Indeed, Sayf's transmissions clearly reveal the tendency of his party, an anti-Shi'ite faction based on the Arab Mudar tribal group in al-Kufah that had lost out with the fall of the Umayyads and the coming of the 'Abbasids to power. Although Sayf's transmissions thus have limited value as far as the earliest conquests themselves are concerned, they are of the utmost value in revealing the content and character of Islamic historical debates in the late 2nd/8th century. In addition, they permit us to elucidate and reconstruct an early harmonizing tendency in Islam that undoubtedly had a significant effect on the way later Muslims viewed their earliest history.The translation is preceded by an introduction analyzing the tendencies of Sayf and his party as revealed in this volume. Extensive notes accompany the text for the benefit of historians in other fields, as well as of Islamic specialists.

This book reports findings from the National Study of Black College Students, a comprehensive study of Black college students' characteristics, experiences, and achievements as related to student background, institutional context, and interpersonal relationships. Over 4,000 undergraduates and graduate/professional students on sixteen campuses (eight historically Black and eight predominantly White) participated in this mail survey. Using these and other data, this book systematically examines the current state of Black students in U.S. higher education. Until now, our understanding has been limited by inadequate data, misguided theories, and failure to properly interpret the Black American reality. This volume challenges our assumptions and contributes to the growing body of knowledge about Black student experiences and outcomes in higher education.

This supplemental text for educational policy, administration, and program evaluation courses provides a framework for examining the following crucial questions. To what extent have state and federal initiated policies actually been implemented during the past 25 years? and To what degree does implementation lead to effectiveness? At a time when critical understanding of the issues is essential for good decision making, this volume provides a valuable tool for teachers, students, and makers of educational policy.

Drawing upon revealing and generally unpublished presidential papers associated with Lyndon Johnson's ill-fated nomination of Abe Fortas, and Richard Nixon's failed designations of Clement F. Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell, and culminating in a lively investigation of the Bork and Ginsburg cases, the author convincingly demonstrates that the Senate's negative actions can be traced to the exciting interplay of three factors.The author demonstrates that these decisions are based not only upon the nominee's ideology and the timing of the nomination, but also on the president's management of the confirmation process. He vividly illustrates that most failed nominations can be attributed to unwise choices, disastrous miscalculations, and outright blunders made by the presidents during the confirmation process. While other scholars have explained unsuccessful nominations by employing the factors of ideology and timing, the author breaks new and fertile ground in highlighting the role of presidential management in his explanation.