The first book to focus on the experience of LGBT archival research.
Volume X of al-¿abar¿'s massive chronicle is devoted to two main subjects. The first is the selection of Ab¿ Bakr as the first caliph or successor to the Prophet Muh'ammad following the Prophet's death in 632 C.E. This section of the History reveals some of the inner divisions that existed within the early Muslim community, and sheds light on the interests and motivations of various parties in the debates that led up to Ab¿ Bakr's acclamation as caliph.The second main subject of Volume X is the riddah or "apostasy"--actually a series of rebellions against Muslim domination by various tribes in Arabia that wished to break their ties with Medina following the Prophet's death. The History offers one of the more extensive collections of accounts about this early sequence of events to be found in the Arabic historical literature. It provides richly detailed information on the rebellions themselves and on the efforts made by Ab¿ Bakr and his Muslim supporters to quell them. It also tells us much about relationships among the tribes of Arabia, local topography, military practice, and the key personnel, organization, and structure of the early Islamic state.The successful suppression of the riddah marked the transformation of the Muslim state from a small faith community of importance only in West Arabia to a much more powerful political entity, embracing all of the Arabian peninsula and poised to unleash a wave of conquests that would shortly engulf the entire Near East and North Africa. The riddah era is, thus, crucial to understanding the eventual appearance of Islam as a major actor on the stage of world history.
Expanded new edition of the landmark book demonstrating the practice of phenomenology through visual illusions and ambiguous drawings
A searching study of Eliphas Lévi and the French occult revival.
A searing personal record of spiritual and communal crisis, wherein the death of god announces the beginning of friendship.
Demonstrates how ingrained ideas of race created and sustain the achievement gap in U.S. schools.
This volume covers the vital early years of the second Muslim civil war, when the Umayyad caliphate seemed on the point of extinction. That it survived had much to do with the vigor of the Umayyad Marw¿n ibn al-Hakam whose initial restoration of Umayyad authority is described here in some detail by al-¿abar¿'s sources. In the chaos and confusion of the civil war, however, developments took place that were to prove significant for the future of the Umayyad calphate, indeed for the early history of Islam in general. Among them, the first manifestations of large-scale tribal divisions among the Arabs, together with the development of support for the descendants of the Prophet as the only legitimate rulers, were particularly important and receive special attention. For this period, al-Tabari's History is a fundamental source.The material collected by al-¿abar¿ frequently makes lively and colorful reading, and the annotations that accompany this translation attempt to clarify and make more explicit the sometimes allusive and compressed information provided by al-¿abar¿ and his sources. Since the standard edition of the text was made, at the end of the nineteenth century, a significant number of other sources have been published, which often make possible a more exact reading of al-¿abar¿'s text. For these reasons, it is hoped that this translation will appeal to those interested in the period but who have little or no Arabic and will also prove useful to students and scholars who are capable of reading the Arabic but will appreciate the suggested textual amendments and improvements and the elucidatory comments.
This section of al-¿abar¿'s History covers the eight-year reign of al-Mu¿täim (833-42), immediately following the reign of his elder brother al-Ma'mun, when the Islamic caliphate was once more united after the civil strife and violence of the second decade of the ninth century A.D. Al-Mu'tasim's reign is notable for the transfer of the administrative capital of the caliphate from Baghdad north to the military settlement of Samarra on the Tigris, where it was to remain for some 60 years. This move meant a significant increase in the caliphs' dependence on their Turkish slave guards. Al-Mu¿täim's reign was also marked by periods of intense military activity along the northern fringes of the Islamic lands: against the Byzantines in Anatolia; against the sectarian Babak and his followers--the "wearers of red," the Khurramiyyah--in northwestern Persia; and against the politically ambitious local prince Mazyar in the Caspian provinces of Persia. These episodes take up the greater part of al-Tabari's account of al-Mu¿täim's reign, and he has provided graphic and detailed narratives of the respective campaigns, including valuable details on military organization and tactics during this period.
Black Greek-letter organizations offer many African Americans opportunities for activism, community-building, fostering cultural pride, and cultural work within the African American community. Disciplining Women focuses on the oldest Black Greek-letter sorority, Alpha Kappa Alpha, established in 1908. In this innovative interdisciplinary analysis of AKA, Deborah Whaley combines ethnographic field work, archival research, oral history, and interpretive readings of popular culture and sorority rituals to examine the role of the Black sorority in women's everyday lives and more broadly within public life and politics. The study includes sorority members' stories of key cultural practices and rituals, including political participation, step dancing, pledging, hazing, and community organizing. While she remains critical of the shortcomings that plague many Black social organizations with activist programs, Whaley shows how AKA's calculated cultivation of sorority life demonstrates personal and group-directed discipline and illuminates how cultural practices intersect with politics and Black public life.
A therapist's guide to psychotherapy, spirituality, and self-development.
The definitive scholarly edition and new translation of all three versions of Hölderlin's poem, The Death of Empedocles, and his related theoretical essays.
A comprehensive update of the classic study that delivers both a passionate plea and strategies for teachers, parents, and community organizers to give working-class children the same type of empowering education and powerful literacy skills that the children of upper- and middle-class people receive.
Examines radical and messianic movements in Israel seeking to rebuild the Third Temple in Jerusalem.
Examines how liberal society enables racism and other forms of discrimination.
Describes the emergence of powerful fields of consciousness that influence students' learning and personal transformation.
Appearing in English for the first time, Schelling's 1842 lectures develop the idea that many philosophical concepts are born of religious-mythological notions.
The first English translation of Schelling's final "existential system."
This section of the History of al-¿abar¿ covers the caliphate of Müammad al-Am¿n, who succeeded his father, H¿r¿n al-Rash¿d on March 24, 809, and was killed on September 25, 813.The focus of this section is a single event, the civil war between al-Am¿n and his half-brother al-Mäm¿n. Before his death, al-Rash¿d had arranged for the succession in a series of documents signed at Mecca and deposited for safekeeping in the Ka'bah. Al-Am¿n was to become caliph; al-Mäm¿n was to govern Khurasan with virtual autonomy from Baghdad. Al-Am¿n could neither remove his brother from office nor interfere with his revenues or military support. Furthermore, al-Mäm¿n was named as al-Am¿n's successor, and al-Am¿n was forbidden to alter the succession. If either brother violated these conditions, he was to forfeit his rights.It soon became apparent that the good will to carry out these arrangements did not exist. Disagreement broke out when al-Am¿n insisted that many of the forces that had accompanied al-Rash¿d and al-Mäm¿n to Khurasan return to Baghdad. When the majority of army commanders obeyed the new caliph's orders, al-Mäm¿n was enraged and countered with measures to secure his position. Angry letters were exchanged, with al-Am¿n pressing his brother to make concessions that al-Mäm¿n regarded as contrary to the succession agreement. By March 811, military conflict was imminent. Al-Amin demanded that certain border districts be returned to the control of Baghdad. When al-Mäm¿n refused, al-Am¿n despatched an expedition to seize the districts.Al-Am¿n's resort to force ended in disaster. Al-Mäm¿n's forces, led by ¿¿hir ibn al-¿usayn and Harthamah ibn A'yan, quickly closed in on Baghdad. In a siege lasting over a year, Baghdad suffered extensive damage from the fighting and from bombardment by siege engines. Gangs of vagrants and paupers, organized by al-Am¿n into irregular units, fought a kind of urban guerrilla war. But, with Tahir and Harthamah enforcing the siege and with most of al-Am¿n's associates having switched their loyalties to the winning side, the caliph was forced to sue for terms. These were worked out among representatives of al-Am¿n, Tahir, and Harthamah. However, when the caliph boarded the boat that was to take him into Harthamah's custody, troops loyal to Tahir assaulted and capsized the boat. Al-Am¿n fell into the Tigris, was apprehended, and was executed that night on orders from Tahir. Thus ended this phase of the civil war. Al-Mäm¿n was now caliph.Al-¿abar¿ i's history of these years includes accounts by participants in the event, diplomatic letters betweenal-Am¿n and al-Mäm¿n, Tahir's long letter toal-Mäm¿n on the circumstances of al-Amin's death, and a dramatic eyewitness account of al-Am¿n's last hours. Also noteworthy is a 135-verse poem describing the devastation of Baghdad. The section ends with a series of literary anecdotes on the character of al-Am¿n.
This volume opens when the caliph al-Man¿¿r has just defeated the rebellion of Müammad the Pure Soul in 145/762-3 and is now securely established in power. The main concerns of the remaining thirteen years of his reign are the building of his new capital at Baghdad, on which al-al-¿abar¿'s text contains details not previously published in English, and his efforts to have his nephew ¿Is¿ ibn M¿s¿ replaced as heir apparent by his own son Müammad al-Mahd¿, a maneuver that required all his political skills.The circumstances of al-Man¿¿r's death in 158/775 are described in vivid detail, and this section is followed by a series of anecdotes, some serious, some humorous, most vivid and lively, that illustrate his character and habits.The last section of the volume describes the reign of al-Mahd¿, more pious than his father but also more liberal and open-handed. Along with routine administration, space is devoted to the bizarre intrigues that accompanied the rise and fall of the vizier Ya'qub ibn Dawud and the mysterious circumstances of the caliph's own death in 169/785, followed by a short collection of character stories. In addition, the volume also contains important information about warfare on the Byzantine frontier and in Khurasan.A discounted price is available when purchasing the entire 39-volume History of al-¿abar¿ set. Contact SUNY Press for more information.
The contents of this volume are extremely significant: The specific events in this earliest period set precedents for what later became established Islamic practice. The book deals with the history of the Islamic community at Medina during the first four years of the Islamic period--a time of critical importance for Islam, both as a religion and as a political community. The main events recounted by ¿abar¿ are the battles between Müammad's supporters in Medina and their adversaries in Mecca. ¿abar¿ also describes the rivalries and infighting among Müammad's early supporters, including their early relations with the Jewish community in Medina.
New and expanded edition of the now classic study in the phenomenology of sound.
Schelling's masterpiece investigating evil and freedom.
This book deals with the meaning of a science rooted in the sacred, the metaphysical foundation of such science, its contrast to modern science and its pertinence to some of the major issues facing humanity today. In the first part, the author turns to the fundamental question of the multiplicity of sacred forms. He discusses why it is necessary in the contemporary world to treat sacred science in the context of diverse religions. He also deals with the importance of sacred science in providing a meaningful study that would remain religiously significant of religions themselves.
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