Böcker utgivna av Springer

This book systematically reviews the progress of Explainable Ambient Intelligence (XAmI) and introduces its methods, tools, and applications. Ambient intelligence (AmI) is a vision in which an environment supports the people inhabiting it in an unobtrusive, interconnected, adaptable, dynamic, embedded, and intelligent way. So far, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been widely applied in AmI. However, some advanced AI methods are not easy to understand or communicate, especially for users with insufficient background knowledge of AI, which undoubtedly limits the practicability of these methods. To address this issue, explainable AI (XAI) has been considered a viable strategy. Although XAI technologies and tools applied in other fields can also be applied to explain AI technology applications in AmI, users should be the main body in the application of AmI, which is slightly different from the application of AI technologies in other fields. This book containsreal case studies of the application of XAml and is a valuable resource for students and researchers.

This book addresses behavior safety and clinical practice with persons who have intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It focuses on safety concerns among children, youth, and adults with IDD who are susceptible to accidents and personal injury, lack self-preservation skills to prevent and avoid risk exposure, demonstrate behavior that is harmful (e.g., abuse, aggression, and property destruction), and receive restrictive and potentially unsafe interventions. The book examines characteristics of service settings, including strategies that promote environmental safety, training of care providers to implement safety protocols, and mitigation of risk factors associated with disease transmission. In addition, it describes evidence-based practices at the person-specific, intervention, and organizational levels, featuring service recommendations and directions for future research. Key areas of coverage include: Concepts and principles of behavior-based safety (BBS).Safety assessment and measurement.Prevention and risk-avoidance strategies.Safety skills training with children, youth, and adults.Environmental factors associated with personal safety.Clinical practice guidelines and evidence-based research support. Behavior Safety and Clinical Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is an essential resource for professionals and practitioners as well as researchers, professors, and graduate students across such disciplines as developmental, clinical child, and school psychology, public health, social work, special education, applied behavior analysis, organizational behavior management, and all related psychology, education, and behavioral health fields.

This book explores urban environments and their impact on resilience, livability, climate adaptation, health, and societal well-being. It provides interdisciplinary insights for fostering resilient, livable, and sustainable cities prioritizing well-being and quality of life for all residents. The book covers various topics and discusses innovative approaches for incorporating nature into urban planning. It also examines the relationships between diet diversity, food environments, and transportation systems. Spatial analysis of noise contour maps based on traffic speed is conducted, along with an assessment of the impact of office environments on productivity. The book explores the influence of streetscapes on anxiety, envisions future cities from a youth perspective, and identifies critical factors affecting the design and use of elevated urban spaces. Daylighting performance in school expansions is evaluated, and the concept ofa livable city is examined. Community adaptive capacity for climate-resilient development is assessed through a case study analysis. The livability of street vendors in different urban contexts is compared, and alternative perspectives on restorative environments are presented. The book investigates the impact of urban refugees on cities and reevaluates scientific theories for human well-being-oriented built environments. It evaluates tourist satisfaction with urban railway systems and explores sport as a tool for healthy and sustainable cities.

Pupillometry, the study of the eyes' pupils, has a rich history, dating back to the 1800s. For example, to appear "dark with desire," women once used atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) as a cosmetic, because the atropine dilated their pupils, making them appear more romantically aroused. We now know that this relationship is largely driven by the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; specifically, a small brainstem nucleus known as the locus coeruleus (LC). Because of tight connections between the musculature of the eyes and LC, monitoring the pupils can reveal important insights into brain activity during mental processes. Many of these processes are related to attention and arousal (cognitive or emotional), with the LC controlling mental readiness via secretion of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. While these complicated neurochemical processes happen in the brain, they are often overtly observable via pupil dilation. Although pupillometry was popular in the 1960s and 1970s, it fell out of favor until experiencing a renaissance approximately 10 years ago. With the advent of new eye-tracking and neural recording technology, measuring (and analyzing) pupil size is now easier than ever. Because all modern eye-trackers use pupil size in the calculation of gaze location, they also provide researchers with moment-by-moment pupil size measures in output files. Although previously considered "extra" data to support gaze location analyses, researchers have begun to conduct eye-tracking studies solely to gain access to pupil size data. These data have been used to study thought processes in many domains, including cognitive science, psychopathologies, business/marketing, security contexts, and the study of addiction. The diversity of interest in pupillometry is matched by the diversity in approaches taken to data collection, analysis, and interpretation. To date, there exists no book or tutorial review devoted specifically to ensuring that researchers carry out rigorous and reproducible work across these varied domains. Modern Pupillometry: Cognition, Neuroscience, and Practical Applications fills this gap by exploring the history, neuroscience, and methodological considerations of pupillometry research within and beyond psychology.

This book gathers the latest advances in the field of history of science and technology, as presented by leading international researchers at the 8th International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms (HMM), held in Ankara, Turkey on April 18-20, 2024. The Symposium, which was promoted by the permanent commission for the History of Machine and Mechanism Science (MMS) of IFToMM, provided an international forum to present and discuss historical developments in the field of MMS. The contents cover all aspects of the development of MMS from antiquity until the present era and its historiography: modern reviews of past works, engineers in history and their works, the development of theories, history of the design of machines and mechanisms, historical developments of mechanical design and automation, historical developments of teaching, the history of schools of engineering, the education of engineers. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

On the one hand, the book closes the gap between applied civil engineering hydraulics books and standard fluid mechanics works; on the other hand, it is designed as a course that can be applied modularly. The goal is to present the facts in an understandable and descriptive way and with experiments, software, and materials that are available anywhere. This is an open access book.

This book constitutes the MICCAI Challenge, MMAC 2023, that held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023, Vancouver, BC, Canada, which took place in October 2023. The 11 long papers included in this volume presents a wide range of state-of-the-art deep learning methods developed for the various tasks presented in the challenge.

This revised new edition gives a unique and broad coverage of basic laser-related phenomena that allow graduate students, scientists and engineers to carry out research in quantum optics and laser physics. It covers quantization of the electromagnetic field, quantum theory of coherence, atom-field interaction models, resonance fluorescence, quantum theory of damping, laser theory using both the master equation and the Langevin theory, the correlated emission laser, input-output theory with applications to non-linear optics, quantum trajectories, quantum non-demolition measurements and generation of non-classical vibrational states of ions in a Paul trap. This fourth edition provides a new chapter on weak measurement, as well as a new chapter on complementarity. There is also new material included for atom optics and new problems have been added. Each topic is presented in a unified and didactic manner, and is accompanied by specific problems and hints to solutions to deepen the knowledge.

This book delivers a brief introduction to misinformation, and various novel approaches for solving misinformation detection problems. It considers all kinds of false information as fake news or misinformation and uses the terms fake news and misinformation interchangeably, in text, images, audio and video. The primary purpose is to provide a foundation for the problems of misinformation or false content detection including various challenges and approaches to solve them. The book starts with an overall description of misinformation. It briefly introduces the history, various issues or challenges, reasons for creating and spreading misinformation, and its impact on individuals and society. The second chapter discusses prior works on misinformation detection and explores various datasets, recent advancements, and state-of-the-art mechanisms. Chapter three demonstrates that the presence of surprising content in a story draws instant attention and appeals to strong emotional stimuli, and subsequently explores the application of novelty and emotion in the misinformation detection domain. Next, chapter four first introduces multitasking and discusses its advantages, before developing a framework for joint learning of interrelated tasks such as emotion recognition, novelty detection, and misinformation detection. The fifth chapter explores various datasets and mechanisms leveraging multimodal information, and eventually explains the fusion mechanisms of text and image modalities to obtain an efficient multimodal feature that ultimately helps to classify multimedia fake news. Chapter six discusses how novelty and emotion can be helpful in multimodal misinformation detection. It shows that detecting misleading information is difficult without earlier knowledge about that particular news and explores the possible solutions to tackle this problem. Eventually, chapter seven introduces the concept of multilingualism and implements an effective neural model to detectfabricated multilingual information, which overcomes the research and development gap in misinformation detection for regional languages. The final chapter eight briefly summarizes the presented results. This book is mainly written for researchers and graduate students specializing in fake news search and detection, as well as for industry professionals who need to explore various dimensions of misinformation detection regardless of their past knowledge and experience.

The primary aim of this text is to help transition undergraduates to study graduate level mathematics. It unites real and complex analysis after developing the basic techniques and aims at a larger readership than that of similar textbooks that have been published, as fewer mathematical requisites are required. The idea is to present analysis as a whole and emphasize the strong connections between various branches of the field. Ample examples and exercises reinforce concepts, and a helpful bibliography guides those wishing to delve deeper into particular topics. Graduate students who are studying for their qualifying exams in analysis will find use in this text, as well as those looking to advance their mathematical studies or who are moving on to explore another quantitative science.Chapter 1 contains many tools for higher mathematics; its content is easily accessible, though not elementary. Chapter 2 focuses on topics in real analysis such as p-adic completion, Banach Contraction Mapping Theorem and its applications, Fourier series, Lebesgue measure and integration. One of this chapter's unique features is its treatment of functional equations. Chapter 3 covers the essential topics in complex analysis: it begins with a geometric introduction to the complex plane, then covers holomorphic functions, complex power series, conformal mappings, and the Riemann mapping theorem. In conjunction with the Bieberbach conjecture, the power and applications of Cauchy's theorem through the integral formula and residue theorem are presented.

This open access book provides cybersecurity practitioners with the knowledge needed to understand the risks of the increased availability of powerful large language models (LLMs) and how they can be mitigated. It attempts to outrun the malicious attackers by anticipating what they could do. It also alerts LLM developers to understand their work's risks for cybersecurity and provides them with tools to mitigate those risks. The book starts in Part I with a general introduction to LLMs and their main application areas. Part II collects a description of the most salient threats LLMs represent in cybersecurity, be they as tools for cybercriminals or as novel attack surfaces if integrated into existing software. Part III focuses on attempting to forecast the exposure and the development of technologies and science underpinning LLMs, as well as macro levers available to regulators to further cybersecurity in the age of LLMs. Eventually, in Part IV, mitigation techniques that should allow safe and secure development and deployment of LLMs are presented. The book concludes with two final chapters in Part V, one speculating what a secure design and integration of LLMs from first principles would look like and the other presenting a summary of the duality of LLMs in cyber-security. This book represents the second in a series published by the Technology Monitoring (TM) team of the Cyber-Defence Campus. The first book entitled "Trends in Data Protection and Encryption Technologies" appeared in 2023. This book series provides technology and trend anticipation for government, industry, and academic decision-makers as well as technical experts.

The 2nd edition of this textbook features more than 100 pages of new material, including four new chapters, as well as an improved discussion of differential geometry concepts and their applications. The textbook aims to provide a comprehensive geometric description of Special and General Relativity, starting from basic Euclidean geometry to more advanced non-Euclidean geometry and differential geometry. Readers will learn about the Schwarzschild metric, the relativistic trajectory of planets, the deflection of light, the black holes, and the cosmological solutions like de Sitter, Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker, and Gödel ones, as well as the implications of each of them for the observed physical world. In addition, the book provides step-by-step solutions to problems and exercises, making it an ideal introduction for undergraduate students and readers looking to gain a better understanding of Special and General Relativity. In this new edition, a wide discussion on metric-affine theories of gravity and equivalent formulations of General Relativity is reported. The aim is presenting also topics which could be useful for PhD students and researchers studying General Relativity from an advanced point of view.

These proceedings offer an insightful exploration of integrating data analytics in system engineering. This book highlights the essential role of data in driving innovation, optimizing processes, and solving complex challenges in the field. Targeted at industry professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts, this book serves as a comprehensive resource, providing actionable insights and showcasing transformative applications of data in engineering. It is a must-read for anyone keen on understanding and participating in the ongoing evolution of system engineering in our data-centric world.

This book presents cutting-edge research and methodologies in software engineering, specifically focusing on systems and network systems. It showcases novel development approaches and network system optimizations, highlighting the field's dynamic evolution. The book is designed for experts, scholars, and professionals, offering insights and tools crucial for advancing the software engineering landscape. Its diverse content makes it an invaluable resource for seasoned professionals and those new to the field, inspiring and enriching readers' understanding of software engineering's future directions.

This book constitutes the Third International Challenge on Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation, KiTS 2023, which was held in conjunction with the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2023. The challenge took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, on October 8, 2023. The 22 contributions presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. This challenge aims to develop the best system for automatic semantic segmentation of kidneys, renal tumors and renal cysts.

The climate is changing faster than our cultural practices are adapting to it. This Open Access volume, co-edited by Emily Coren (a science communicator) and Hua Wang (a communication scientist), presents a survey of the latest in agency-focused climate storytelling. Together, practitioners and scholars across different fields shared their knowledge, experience, and insight about how stories can be designed and told to engage, enable, and empower individuals and communities in climate communication and action. You will learn a wide range of narrative strategies and exemplary applications of climate storytelling in terms of professional practices (e.g., education, literature, journalism, popular media), genres and formats (e.g., drama, comedy, fiction), media platforms (e.g., television, radio, mobile), and communication modalities (e.g., text, visual, audio, multisensory). Entertainment-education has been proven over decades to be an effective tool for social and behavior change in the public health sphere and has not yet been applied at scale to the massive ongoing climate-related disasters that we need to solve now, fast. There is an urgent need to rapidly apply and adapt public engagement tools for climate communication to speed up our response times for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This book takes a snapshot of where climate storytelling is currently at, describes where it fits within a climate communication landscape, and supports the next steps of its development. It facilitates the of creation climate storytelling efficiently by sharing and amplifying what is working well, and building collaborations between practitioners and researchers.This is an open access book.

This book covers the recent advancements in quantum research and nanotechnology. The chapters investigate the synthesis, design, and applications of quantum dots in nanocomposites, presenting a comprehensive exploration of their principles, manufacturing processes, and diverse applications in electronics, photonics, energy, medicine, and beyond. With a focus on both theoretical foundations and practical insights derived from recent research, the book delves into the distinctive quantum mechanical characteristics of quantum dots, diverse fabrication methods, and the various possibilities emerging from their combination with various matrices. This book offers a captivating blend of theoretical knowledge and practical observations.

The 3-volume set LNCS 14583-14585 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security, ACNS 2024, which took place in Abu Dhabi, UAE, in March 2024. The 54 full papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 230 submissions. They have been organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Cryptographic protocols; encrypted data; signatures; Part II: Post-quantum; lattices; wireless and networks; privacy and homomorphic encryption; symmetric crypto; Part III: Blockchain; smart infrastructures, systems and software; attacks; users and usability.

The 3-volume set LNCS 14583-14585 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security, ACNS 2024, which took place in Abu Dhabi, UAE, in March 2024. The 54 full papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 230 submissions. They have been organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Cryptographic protocols; encrypted data; signatures; Part II: Post-quantum; lattices; wireless and networks; privacy and homomorphic encryption; symmetric crypto; Part III: Blockchain; smart infrastructures, systems and software; attacks; users and usability.

The book is about the "space race", starting from the earliest steps of astronautics to the Moon landings of Armstrong and Aldrin. The conquest of space began as a by-product of an exquisitely military project, the rapid, and efficient delivery of explosives, conventional and then nuclear, over great distances into enemy territory. It happened at the turn of World War II, first with the V2s, the Wunderwaffen that von Braun had created for his Führer, and, after the surrender of Germany and Japan, with the intercontinental ballistic missiles that the Russians and Americans built to serve as cabs for atomic bombs. Restrained by the fear of nuclear holocaust, the two great powers that had momentarily divided the government of the world turned the risky muscular confrontation into an unusual race to climb the sky: a stage race with a conventional finish line marked by the human landing on the Moon. Under the constant guidance of Sergei Korolev, the mysterious "chief designer", the Soviets got off to a surprise start and stayed in the lead until almost the end, with the Sputniks, the orbital flights of Gagarin and Tereshkova, the first spacewalk, and the unmanned soft landings on the Moon and Venus, only to be caught up and overtaken by the Americans at the very edge. An adventure that lasted a total of twelve years, marked by brilliant and courageous men, by astute and far-sighted politicians, by patriotism and ambition, and, as always, regulated by luck, which profoundly affected our world and the design of its future.

Based on original findings from research carried out in six low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, this book brings together conceptual and empirical analyses of private higher education and social and academic inequality, a topic largely unexplored in the social science literature, particularly on private higher education. Field surveys of different categories of actors in numerous private universities have combined common methods and tools in countries chosen for the differences in their social structures and the characteristics, organization and development of their private higher education systems. Based on these qualitative surveys, combined with available quantitative data on higher education, this book analyzes the production and reproduction of social and academic inequalities in countries as diverse as Argentina, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal and Vietnam. Finally, the historical and social structuringof the private education systems in the selected countries provides the framework for analyses that go beyond the traditional higher education demand/supply and public policy approaches to explore the perspective of the actors - institutional administrators, teaching staff and students.

This book provides selected contributions of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes, held in Braga, Portugal, on October 19¿20, 2023. The volume is dedicated to the current developments in mechanical joining (1st Section), joining by plastic deformation (2nd Section), and welding (3rd Section). The selected contributions represent the state of the art in advanced methods of joining. The book serves as a reference volume for researchers and graduate students working with advanced joining processes.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed and revised selected papers from the 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, ICPRAM 2023, held in Lisbon, Portugal, during February 22-24, 2023. The 28 full papers and 42 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 157 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: theory and methods and applications.

This volume constitutes revised selected papers of several workshops, the EDOC Forum and the Demonstrations and Doctoral Consortium track, which were held in conjunction with the 27th International Conference on Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing, EDOC 2023, in Groningen, The Netherlands, during October 30-November 3, 2023. The 18 revised full papers and 7 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. They stem from the following satellite events: - Workshop on Intelligent Digital Architecture, Methods, and Services for Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 (IDAMS)- Workshop on Empirical Methodologies for Research in Enterprise Architecture and Service-Oriented Computing (iRESEARCH)- Workshop on the Modelling and Implementation of Digital Twins for Complex Systems (MIDas4CS)- Workshop on Service-oriented Enterprise Architecture for Enterprise Engineering (SoEA4EE)- EDOC Forum- Demonstrations Track- Doctoral Consortium

The role of library and information sciences (LIS) in, for, and about Arctic and Northern studies is underexplored. This book examines the intersection of LIS and Arctic/Northern scholarship, research, and study by considering the Arctic and North as a global information-knowledge society; demonstrates practical and applied ways that librarians, archivists, curators, and other information scholars and professionals can participate and have participated in real activities within Arctic and Northern environments; explains how LIS - as a discipline focused on data, information, and knowledge - has a significant role to play in Arctic and Northern endeavours; and emphasises the inter-/multi- disciplinary nature of what are Arctic studies and Northern studies and the placement of LIS into that structure. Even though LIS has historically been overlooked in Northern and Arctic matters, this book suggests that LIS is in a remarkable position to add value to future Arctic/Northern studies. Thisbook is of interest to scientists, researchers, scholars, educators, professionals, and students globally working in Northern and Arctic contexts and/or with Northern and Arctic pursuits in mind.

This book covers the various ways in which rivers discharge water and sediment load, which is characteristic of the current situation caused by both human activity and the natural riverine environment. The knowledge of river inclinations and flow patterns points to more river ecosystem management and current multifaceted conditions. Technology advancements in river watershed studies have demonstrated the difference between natural river systems and human-influenced hydrological environments and surface processes. Lastly, the relationship between river systems and modern activity is impacted by climate change which is also discussed in this volume. This edited book is organized into four parts, each discussing a different aspect of modern river science for watershed management, including GIS and hydrogeological applications, rainfall-runoff modeling that is up to date, hydrological processes, artificial intelligence, and GIS. Moreover, it provides a wealth of information aboutwatershed management, particularly for researchers and experts in the hydrogeological field. It covers advanced applications of river morphometric dynamics conditions, flood risk assessment, sediment load discharge, and their flux measurements, as well as field-oriented aspects of the river environment and GIS. The book can be used to update current river science studies and to expand scientific understanding for projects related to studies. The edited book is primarily intended for postgraduate students, researchers, and experts and practitioners in the fields of hydrology, field hydrogeology (water resource exploration), dam studies, and groundwater potential investigation. It is also intended for young researchers, scholars, and practitioners working in the field of water resource exploration.

This book features the proceedings of the 6th EAI International Conference on Big Data Innovation for Sustainable Cognitive Computing (BDCC 2023). The papers feature detail on cognitive computing and its self-learning systems that use data mining, pattern recognition and natural language processing (NLP) to mirror the way the human brain works. This international conference focuses on technologies from knowledge representation techniques and natural language processing algorithms to dynamic learning approaches. Topics covered include Data Science for Cognitive Analysis, Real-Time Ubiquitous Data Science, Platform for Privacy Preserving Data Science, and Internet-Based Cognitive Platform.

This book offers accessible probabilistic modelling of relevant financial problems. It is divided into two parts. The first part (cookbook) is written by emphasizing the key definitions and theorems without wasting too much of the reader with unnecessary technical details. Here, the first kind of target audience is graduate students in Economics with no prior exposition to probability theory (except for undergraduate courses in Applied Statistics) which are provided by a self-contained account of probabilistic modelling mainly applied to finance. The fundamental concepts of random variable/vector and probability distributions are introduced beforehand with respect to the usual treatment of this subject in standard probability textbook, trying to strike a balance between precise mathematical definitions and their applied knowledge. All the analytic tools developed are illustrated through examples of probability distributions of future stock prices, returns and profit and loss, together with their main characteristics, such as moments, moment generating and characteristic functions, location-scale families, and quantiles. The extension to the multivariate case for fixed time horizons is presented, together with the fundamentals of stochastic processes both in discrete and continuous time as candidate models for asset prices and return dynamics. Convergence concepts are presented as applied to the problem of point estimation of means, variances, correlation coefficients and risk measures. Short sections on risk and copula functions, further illustrate the potential application of probability models to financial problems. The second part of the book can be accessed by those students with more mathematical preparation. All the relevant proofs of results which are only stated in the first part and some advanced exercises with complete solutions are presented.

This book features a collection of high-quality and peer-reviewed papers from 2023 14th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, which was held in Shandong, China, during November 23-25, 2023. ICEST is held annually as a platform for presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of Environmental Science and Technology. With the continuous development of human society, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Recently, we face some difficult problems such as: global climate change, ozone layer destruction and depletion, acid rain pollution, desertification, and water resources crisis. Based on the theme this year, the presentations include the topical areas of environmental sustainability, waste minimization, solid waste management, water pollution control, water treatment and reclamation, air pollution control, carbon capture and storage and environmental monitoring, etc.