Böcker utgivna av Springer Verlag, Singapore

The rotation of the Sun is a basic parameter which constrains the boundary conditions for the model of the MHD-dynamo mechanisms that generates solar activity. The Sun is a slowly rotating star with a convection zone below the surface which is the site of the solar dynamo. The solar rotation depends on the latitude, depth/height and time, i.e., the Sun rotates differentially. In the book several aspects of the solar rotation are covered. Only in the case of the Sun we can directly observe details in its atmosphere and so measure the rotation velocity using various tracers, which is one of the mostly used methods for rotation determination. So, the Sun is a prototype for studying other stars. Different techniques that enable to determine solar rotation (e.g., tracer method, spectroscopic method, helioseismology) are presented and their results are compared and interpreted.In the current literature there is no book exclusively about solar rotation published in the last several decades. The book is intended for astrophysicists, both professionals as well as students and people interested in science in general. The reader would strongly benefit from the comprehensive description of several topics related to the solar rotation.The authors are highly experienced in teaching astrophysics both to astrophysicists, solar physicists as well as to the public. Therefore, from the didactical point of view the book is written basically as a textbook, so the reader that is not deep within that field can gain an overview. Moreover, for those who want to get deeper into the topics, additional information is given, and recommendations for further literature as well as many citations to recent publications.The reader will get both (i) a general introduction into the topics (ii) overview of recent publications on the topics. Therefore, the book can serve as a textbook but will be also very useful for research and thesis writing, for example.

"Antibiotics and their mechanisms of action" provides a deep and lucid understanding of the mechanisms of action of various antibiotics. The experiments followed to decipher the mechanisms have been explained in great depth, which is a novelty in this textbook. Most undergraduate textbooks on antibiotics place emphasis on their use from the clinician's perspective. Taking penicillin as an example, typical textbooks discuss its discovery, penicillin's ß-lactam derivatives, routes of administration, the diseases and pathogens treated with ß-lactam antibiotics, side effects, and finally the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved against penicillin. No description of how its mechanism of action was deciphered is ever provided. This textbook describes how simple experiments using protoplasts, covalent affinity chromatography, SYPRO Orange binding assays, and X-ray crystallography have all been used to elucidate the mechanism of action of penicillin. Like this, the complicated mechanisms of action of different antibiotics have been presented in simple terms with the help of original illustrations. Chapters 8-10 cover the mechanisms of action of anti-ribosomal antibiotics (tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol). Elucidating the mechanisms of action for these antibiotics requires complex experiments such as ex vivo transcription via a cell-free ribosomal reaction mixture, photolabelling experiments, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of radiolabelled translation reactants and products. These experiments are conveyed to the reader in the simplest possible language and with easily understandable, appealing illustrations. Finally, the reader is challenged at the end of every chapter with original questions, testing whether hecan apply the concepts he learned in the preceding chapter to research-level problems. This book is written primarily for undergraduate students in microbiology or biotechnology courses to help them develop a simplistic yet comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying antibiotics action. It is believed that this book will prepare the students for PhD level research.

Lyndall Strazdins is a Professor at the Australian National University and an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship.This book is about the urgent need to have time for health. It's about why people don't exercise, rest or eat healthy food even when they know they need to. Time has become the prescription needed to halt chronic diseases, 30 minutes of physical activity every day is a minimum, but this book argues against telling people to do more. It explains why it's not laziness, ignorance or lack of motivation that's the problem for unhealthy lifestyles, and why so many people lack time for their health. The book connects ideas from economics, sociology, political economy and public health to work-family dilemmas, gender and social inequality. It ends by canvassing interventions and actions from the personal, to the workplace, health promotion and urban design.

This handbook addresses issues around urban growth in early India. It provides theoretical and empirical insights from the perspective of the different regions of the subcontinent using various sources. The book chapters discuss how early urban forms evolved, transformed, and survived on the subcontinent, beginning with the third millennium BCE. This volume also looks at how urban space gradually emerged in borderland areas of the subcontinent and hill areas, which throw up relevant issues and questions of how we need to review elements of what we define as 'urban'. It includes chapters on both the early historic and early medieval periods. The book provides a comprehensive view of early India's urban history, insights into metallic money and cities, the origin of cities and waterways, geospatial and remote sensing techniques to reflect on the emergence of historic settlements, and so on. The contributors have presented the dialectical relationship between the city and the country in their chapters. The book covers themes such as the Indus Valley civilization, the rise of cities in the Ganges valley, the cultural setting of the multi-ethnic and multi-lingual Kushan cities, the dynamic of the growth of cities in the ancient Tamilakam, theories of urbanization, archaeological and epigraphic material reflecting on the first cities in different regions of the subcontinent, etc. It is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and scholars in history, architecture, and archaeology, as well as scholars working on Indic studies.

This book highlights the environmental applications of plant-mediated carbon quantum dots, i.e., detection of heavy metals, sensing of toxic organic compounds, degradation of dyes and other toxic compounds, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, detection of drugs, etc. This book presents the chemistry and mechanism behind the synthesis and various environmental applications of QDs. This book is beneficial for researchers, professionals and students working in the fields of environmental sciences, material engineering, electronics, chemical engineering, biochemical and biomedical engineering, etc. It will be also useful in specialized courses in nanotechnology, green synthesis, Environmental Science & Engineering.

In the era of digital economy with highly-connected world, the ability to comprehend social network computing has become an indispensable skill. This book serves as a vital guide for academics and professionals engaged in research within this rapidly expanding field.The book is organized into three parts, each dedicated to different facets of social network computing. The journey commences with an exploration of foundational principles, encompassing triadic closure, strong and weak ties, network homophily, and positive and negative balance. This lays the groundwork for an in-depth examination of fundamental theories governing social networks. Subsequently, the focus shifts to the laws dictating social networks, elucidating phenomena like the small world effect, power law distribution, community detection, diffusion processes, game theory dynamics, and hypernetworks, also including multiplex networks, multi-mode networks and temporal networks. The final section of the book centers on the practical aspects of social network analysis, delving into topics such as link prediction, influence evaluation, dynamic analysis, random experiments, modeling and simulation, and representation learning. This provides a comprehensive exploration of the applicability of social network analysis in real-world scenarios.This book seamlessly integrates theory with practice by incorporating popular social network computing software, including igraph, Gephi, Ucinet, and Netlogo. By mastering the computational thinking methods presented in this book, readers will deepen their understanding of social network computing and acquire the skills to effectively apply it in various real-world contexts.

This book introduces probabilistic modelling and explores its role in solving a broad spectrum of engineering problems that arise in Information Technology (IT). Divided into three parts, it begins by laying the foundation of basic probability concepts such as sample space, events, conditional probability, independence, total probability law and random variables. The second part delves into more advanced topics including random processes and key principles like Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation, the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The last part applies these principles to various IT domains like communication, social networks, speech recognition, and machine learning, emphasizing the practical aspect of probability through real-world examples, case studies, and Python coding exercises.A notable feature of this book is its narrative style, seamlessly weaving together probability theories with both classical and contemporary IT applications. Each concept is reinforced with tightly-coupled exercise sets, and the associated fundamentals are explored mostly from first principles. Furthermore, it includes programming implementations of illustrative examples and algorithms, complemented by a brief Python tutorial.Departing from traditional organization, the book adopts a lecture-notes format, presenting interconnected themes and storylines. Primarily tailored for sophomore-level undergraduates, it also suits junior and senior-level courses. While readers benefit from mathematical maturity and programming exposure, supplementary materials and exercise problems aid understanding. Part III serves to inspire and provide insights for students and professionals alike, underscoring the pragmatic relevance of probabilistic concepts in IT.

This comprehensive introductory textbook is designed for undergraduate mathematics students who are interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of fuzzy mathematics and its applications. The book covers a wide range of topics, including fuzzy linear equations, fuzzy graphs, fuzzy measures, fuzzy logic, fuzzy topological spaces, fuzzy subgroups, as well as applications of fuzzy mathematics in various other fields. While readers are assumed to be familiar with the concept of fuzzy sets, the book maintains a clear and straightforward approach that makes it easy to follow for students at any level of proficiency. The advanced content is presented in an insightful and accessible manner, empowering students to apply the concepts they learn to real-world problems and applications. Enriched with over 105 solved examples, 133 challenging problems, 185 multiple-choice questions, and 150 true/false statements, this book is an ideal tool for beginners seeking to gain a solid foundation in fuzzy mathematics and its applications. Whether you are studying independently or as part of a classroom setting, this book provides a valuable resource that will help you achieve your goals.

This book explores the interplay of Western European exploration and trade, with collecting, cabinets of curiosities and museums, and with the role of booty and plunder in the building of empires from ca.1600 until the end of the 19th century. The book focuses principally on the Dutch, English, Spanish, French and Italian at different times of their colonial power over the course of these 300 years. The achievements of exploration and trade provide the basis for these countries and both the state and individuals to build collections and museums. This involved governments to legitimize the pursuit of booty and subsequently looting whether by themselves, members of the ruling class or privateers. Throughout much of this period, there those who stood up and challenged such practices, passing laws to criminalize, curtail or contain these activities. By the late 18th century, these parallel but disparate activities converged. It was era of Napoleon and his imperial ambitions that drew these disparate activities together, with his support of intellectual inquiry alongside military plunder and collecting. This served as a symbol of imperial power of the French empire that, alongside England and Italy, exploited the wealth and riches of Egypt, India, and China. Charles Merewether, born in Edinburgh, received his BA (literature) and PhD in art history at the University of Sydney. He taught European modernism at the Universities of Sydney (1981-84), Universidad Iberoeramericana, Mexico City (1986-88), and Universidad Autonoma in Barcelona. He received a research fellowship from Yale University (1991), was Inaugural Curator for the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Monterrey, Mexico, (1991-1994), Curator at the Research Institute, Getty Center, Los Angeles (1994-2003) and taught at the University of Southern California. He was Artistic Director of the Sydney Biennale (2004-2006), Deputy Director of the Cultural District, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi (2007), Director of the Institute of Contemporary Arts, Singapore, (2010-2013), Visiting Professor at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2014) and Baptist University, Hong Kong (2015). He was Curator of Contemporary Art, National Art Museum in Tbilisi, Georgia (2016-2019). His books include: In the Sphere of the Soviets (2021), State of Play: Art in Georgia 1985-2000  (2017), After Memory: The Art of Milenko Prvacki (2013) and Under Construction: Ai Weiwei (2008), He was co-editor of After the Event (2010), editor of both Art, Anti-Art, Non-Art: Experimentations in the Public Sphere in Postwar Japan 1950-1970, (2007) and The Archive (2006).