Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Switzerland

This book provides critical insights into the properties and applications of melt-blown fibers in the polymer composite field. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the melt-blowing process and explores the intricate structure-property-parameter relationship of melt-blown fibers. In addition, the book presents a straightforward method for manufacturing multiscale Polypropylene single-polymer composites and carbon-nanotube-doped Polypropylene melt-blown fibers.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of dual disorders from a clinical and therapeutic point of view, especially for patients with heroin use disorder.The volume opens with a first part dedicated to the guiding principles for treating dual disorder patients in which terminology, treatment models, use of opioid medications in heroin addiction and future perspectives are reviewed.A second part is devoted to mood disorders. Anxiety disorders that might affect these patients are discussed in the third part, whereas the fourth part of the book focuses on chronic psychotic patients with heroin use disorder. The conclusive part explores violent heroin-dependent patients with alcohol use disorder and polydrug use. The book will be a valuable tool for psychiatrists who wish to broaden their knowledge about addictions and a key resource for other clinicians who have practical knowledge of the addictive phenomena but are not familiar with their description inneurobiological or psychopathological terms.

This engaging and accessible book is designed as a quick and easy way to get up to speed on all things in space technology. It also offers extensive references and links that allow readers to delve deeper into the subject.Whether you were a newcomer to space technology or a seasoned professional, this book is the best way to brush up on the basics of everything from satellite design and construction to the physics behind objects orbiting celestial bodies.Written in an accessible tone that is easy to understand, this book is perfect for reading during a short flight or any other spare moment you might have. You can learn about the main laws of Physics behind objects in orbit, the environments that satellites face while in space, and the processes involved in designing and building these incredible machines. Along the way, you can also get a glimpse into the history of space technology, including the foundational technologies that have made it all possible. So why not join the community of space enthusiasts and get up to speed on everything you need to know about space technology?

Fictions of Witness in the Confessio Amantis details the first years of the Confessiös material history and offers a major revision to a century¿s old narrative of political revision and conversion around the trauma of 1400. Joel Fredell argues for ¿late stage¿ revisions by Gower to his great poem in Middle English from the late 1390s up to Gower¿s death in 1408. This approach, new to scholarship for Ricardian and Lancastrian literature, demands profound re-evaluation of Gower's poetic persona and its entanglement in the opening and closing books of the Confessio. It offers a reassessment of the political and literary relationships between versions dedicated to Richard II and Henry IV. It repositions Gower's laureate status in a London world of deluxe book production that created a canon of Ricardian poets linked to their fifteenth-century inheritors. Finally, it identifies for the first time how late medieval authors designed their poetry as fictional artifacts that witness history from quasi-chronicles like Maidstone¿s Concordia or Richard the Redeless, quasi-petitions like the Lollard ¿Petition to the King and Parliament,¿ quasi-epistles that begin so many texts, quasi-transcripts such as the Record and Process of the Deposition of Richard II, and so on.

This book gathers the peer-reviewed selected papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering (TEST&E 2022), held in Almada, Portugal, on June 21-23, 2022. It showcases the role of smart technologies in all civil engineering areas, such as structures and construction, geotechnics and natural resources, hydraulics and water resources, transportation and communication networks. The conference topics encompass big data and advanced data processing systems, AI applications, virtual and augmented reality, 3D modeling and printing, digital twins, automation, sensing and detection technologies, inspection, monitoring and automatic damage identification, destructive and non-destructive testing, bio, nano and new materials, disaster risk reduction and emergency management. As such the book represents an invaluable, up-to-the-minute tool, and offers an important platform to engineers and architects.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon benign chronic inflammatory condition of the breast, occurring most commonly in women of childbearing age with a higher incidence in certain geographical areas. The aetiology is uncertain and diagnosis is difficult; it is usually made by exclusion. The clinical and radiological features often overlap with those of other benign diseases of the breast in women, but also with those of breast cancer, which is why early diagnosis is necessary to allow timely intervention when required. Its evolution is unpredictable and there is currently no consensus on the optimal treatment for these patients.The aim of this book is to provide readers with an overview of the data available to date on this unknown and controversial disease. General surgeons, breast surgeons, general practitioners, internal medicine specialists, pathologists, radiologists, rheumatologists, immunologists and dermatologists will certainly benefit from this practical guide.

This book describes and analyzes the lived experience of elder abuse from the queer community. It discusses the experiences by transwomen, gay men and lesbians of financial abuse, physical and sexual abuse, homophobic abuse, and neglect within partner relationships, residential care, in home care, and religious organizations. Queer and trans elders have been described as ¿The Silent Generation¿, since they have lived through times when their sexual and gender identities were criminalized and pathologized. The book shows that they are far more at risk to suffer abuse and neglect by those they should be able to trust, since they are more likely to have encountered all key risk factors, such as isolation, previous abuse and trauma, and mistrust of the health care system. Their vulnerability has been overlooked and this book addresses that gap. As such, this book provides a great resource to anyone working with elders, including medical professionals, care providers, police, counsellors, and policy makers.

This book provides a foundation for the mathematics of blockchain. It is inspired by a general analysis and synthesis of the current knowledge of blockchain technology and starts by laying a foundation for the mathematics of blockchain. The aim is for research in the area of blockchain to lead their study from the construction highlighted in this book.First, the basis of a blockchain is set: block, transaction contents, block header, Merkle tree, nonce, Proof-of-Work. Connections with elliptic curves and cryptographic signatures are made.Second, the book ties this with a Graph and Matrix Theories approach and models the peer-to-peer relationship through the Bitcoin Network.Third, it is proposed further modelling, notably around halving, optimal storing, or diffusion of information, which are consequences of the mathematical foundation. The notion of Entropy of Privacy and the Particles model are introduced.Finally, the mathematical statements therein are proven and essential reminders can be found before each section, so the content can be accessible from a graduate level.

Modern complex multi-domain systems require increased efficiency, reliability, and availability combined with reduced cost. This book contains papers on mathematical modeling and simulation of processes in various areas: ecology and the environment, production and energy, information technology, samples of special-purpose equipment, and cyber-physical systems. The outcomes presented in the book are useful to specialists involved in the modeling and simulation of real-world system, management and decision-making models, production models, and software products. Scientists have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the latest research in a variety of solutions proposed by leading scientists and to determine promising directions for solving complex scientific and practical tasks. Chapters of this book contain papers presented at the 17th MODS International Conference, November 14¿16, 2022, Chernihiv, Ukraine.

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of cable robots, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 6th International Conference on Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CableCon), held in Nantes, France on June 25-28, 2023. It covers the theory and applications of cable-driven parallel robots, including their classification, kinematics and singularity analysis, workspace, statics and dynamics, cable modeling and technologies, control and calibration, design methodologies, hardware development, experimental evaluation and prototypes, as well as application reports and new application concepts. The contributions, which were selected through a rigorous international peer-review process, share exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.

This book is about how to make the method of morphological regionalization, proposed in the early 1960s, more useful and practicable for planning, urban design and architecture. This book is about cities; more precisely, about how cities can be characterized based on the main elements of urban form. It provides a systematic way of description and explanation of the historico-geographical structure of the urban landscape. It offers a step-by-step methodology for the identification of morphological regions as a key tool for planning practice and townscape management. The book is divided in seven parts. The first part is the introduction, motivation, research goal and objectives, and the structure of the book. The second part of the book offers an overview of urban morphology, urban morphological approaches, the concept of morphological region and its past applications worldwide. The third part is the methodological procedures for the implementation of this morphologicalapproach to cities. The fourth and fifth parts are the implementation of this methodology into two case studies, Istanbul and Antequera. The sixth part offers a discussion of results. And, finally, the seventh part is constituted by a set of conclusions.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of four International Workshops, held as parallel events of the 19th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, AIAI 2023, held in León, Spain, during June 14¿17, 2023: the 12th Workshop on Mining Humanistic Data (MHDW 2023); the 8th Workshop on ¿5G¿Putting Intelligence to the Network Edge (5G-PINE 2023); the second Workshop on AI in Energy, Buildings and Micro-Grids Workshop (¿¿BMG 2023); and the First Workshop on Visual Analytics Approaches for Complex Problems in Engineering and Biomedicine" (VAA-CP-EB 2023). This event was held in hybrid mode.The 37 regular papers presented at these workshops were carefully reviewed and selected from 86 submissions.

This book presents the first report and interpretation of the deformation, structural style, and geo-tectonic evolution of a 600km2 area of the Ladakh batholith, NW India, centred on the city of Leh, Ladakh. The Ladakh (and westerly Kohistan ) batholith comprises a large component of the Jurassic-Oligocene Kohistan-Ladakh Arc-Terrane (KLA), with magmatism spanning island arc, continental margin, and post-Himalayan collision tectonic environments. The KLA is bounded to the north by the Shyok-Northern Suture and to the south by the Indus Suture. The batholith illustrates basement thick-skin tectonic deformation and is divided/partitioned into a series of crustal blocks separated by lateral accommodation structures which allow independent movement in horizontal and vertical space. Thin skinned deformation within the adjacent sedimentary molasse Indus Suture Rocks produced large thrust stacks that predominantly moved towards the N-NE. Whilst deformation within cover sequences influences the basement structures, and helps break up the basement into crustal blocks, there is a clear distinction in deformation between the basement and cover sequences. Basement batholith deformation is more complex and heterogeneous, reflecting the variable transmission of tectonic stress within crystalline crust and the presence of a wide range of precursory inherited weaknesses and anisotropies. Models of time-space deformation are presented using data derived from field and extensive photograph / photo-mosaic image interpretation. The batholith was deformed during at least Palaeocene-Pliocene times at crustal depths that correspond to the ductile-brittle transition zone and shallower.

This book contains a selection of the best papers presented at the Computational Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM) conference, held in June 2023 at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Major themes of this book are smart cities, urban big data, and shared mobility. This book also contains chapters with cutting-edge research on urban modeling, walkability and bikeability analysis, and planning support systems (PSS).

This book provides a novel framework for understanding and revising labor markets and education policies in an era of machine learning. It posits that while learning and knowing both require thinking, learning is fundamentally different than knowing because it results in cognitive processes that change over time. Learning, in contrast to knowing, requires time and agency. Therefore, ¿learning algorithms¿¿that enable machines to modify their actions based on real-world experiences¿are a fundamentally new form of artificial intelligence that have potential to be even more disruptive to labor markets than prior introductions of digital technology. To explore the difference between knowing and learning, Turing¿s ¿Imitation Game,¿¿that he proposed as a test for machine thinking¿is expanded to include time dependence. The arguments presented in the book introduce three novel concepts: (1) Comparative learning advantage: This is a concept analogous to comparative labor advantagebut arises from the disparate times required to learn new knowledge bases/skillsets. It is argued that in the future, comparative learning advantages between humans and machines will determine their division of labor. (2) Two dimensions of job performance¿expertise and interpersonal: Job tasks can be sorted into two broad categories. Tasks that require expertise have stable endpoints, which makes these tasks inherently repetitive and subject to automation. Tasks that are interpersonal are highly context-dependent and lack stable endpoints, which makes these tasks inherently non-routine. Humans compared to machines have a comparative learning advantage along the interpersonal dimension, which is increasing in value economically. (3) The Learning Game is a time-dependent version of Turing¿s ¿Imitation Game.¿ It is more than a thought experiment. The ¿Learning Game¿ provides a mathematical framework with quantitative criteria for training and assessing comparative learningadvantages. The book is highly interdisciplinary¿presenting philosophical arguments in economics, artificial intelligence, and education. It also provides data, mathematical analysis, and testable criteria that researchers in these fields will find of practical use. The book calls for a rethinking of how labor markets operate and how the education system should prepare students for future jobs. It concludes with a list of counterintuitive recommendations for future education and labor policies that all stakeholders¿employers, employees, educators, students, and political leaders¿should heed.

This comprehensive book brings together the latest developments in reliability and maintainability methods from leading research groups globally. Covering a diverse range of subject areas, from mechanical systems to cyber-physical systems, the book offers both theoretical advancements and practical applications in various industries. With a focus on reliability modelling, reliability analysis, reliability design, maintenance optimization, warranty policy, prognostics and health management, this book appeals to academic and industrial professionals in the field of reliability engineering and beyond. It features real-world case studies from turbofan engines bearings, industrial robots, wireless networks, aircraft actuation systems, and more. This book is ideal for engineers, scientists, and graduate students in reliability, maintainability, design optimization, prognostics and health management, and applied probability and statistics.

The study of vortex and wave flows is one of the traditional problems of fluid mechanics, the practical importance of which has grown significantly in recent years. Consideration of the processes of substance transfer in such complex systems as natural water bodies is fraught with many difficulties of a methodological and fundamental nature: the extreme complexity of conducting a full-scale experiment, the complexity and variability of hydrophysical fields of the ocean and hydrometeorological conditions during research, and also, in some cases, the complexity and the variability of the properties of the transferred substance. In this connection, it is of particular interest to study the transfer of markers in stationary vortex and wave flows, which can form in laboratory facilities with constant external conditions. In this case, it is possible to avoid problems associated with the spatial and temporal variability of natural sources of vortex formations and directly trace the dependence of the characteristic flow parameters or the characteristics of the movement of solid or other objects placed during. This book presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamics and structure of multiphase vortex flows and the nature of the transfer of three types of markers: solid-state (ice, plastic), immiscible with water (oil, oil, diesel) and soluble (aniline dyes, uranyl). The results will be important, first of all, for a better understanding of the behavior of various impurities in the circulation flows and more accurate prediction of their distribution in natural conditions (in a stratified hydrosphere and atmosphere).

This text provides an extensive exploration of the relationship between the thought of Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap, providing a new argument for the complementarity of their mature philosophies as part of a collaborative metatheory of science. In arguing that both Neurath and Carnap must be interpreted as proponents of epistemological naturalism, and that their naturalisms rest on shared philosophical ground, it is also demonstrated that the boundaries and possibilities for epistemological naturalism are not as restrictive as Quinean orthodoxy has previously suggested. Both building on and challenging the scholarship of the past four decades, this naturalist reading of Carnap also provides a new interpretation of Carnap¿s conception of analyticity, allowing for a refutation of the Quinean argument for the incompatibility of naturalism and the analytic/synthetic distinction. In doing so, the relevance and potential importance of their scientific meta-theory for contemporary questions in the philosophy of science is demonstrated.This text appeals to students and researchers working on Logical Empiricism, Quine, the history of analytic philosophy and the history of philosophy of science, as well as proponents of naturalized epistemology.

This book includes information, experiences, practical initiatives and projects around the subject matter and makes it available to a wide audience. It addresses the scientific, social, political and cultural aspects of climate change impacts and respective solutions in an integrated and coherent way.Climate change as a global phenomenon imposes new challenges for survival. Extreme weather events including heat waves, storms, droughts as well as rising sea levels, warming oceans and melting glaciers threaten people's livelihoods and communities, ecosystems and habitats. Furthermore, it affects the entire food chain and increases competition for natural resources fuelling socioeconomic tensions. The results of the latest IPCC report highlight the urgent need for combating climate change. The adaptation measures to be undertaken range across sectors, thematic fields and geographical locations.Based on this need, the book focuses on the high-quality, interdisciplinary contributions on the scientific, social, economic, political and cultural aspects of climate change challenges and solutions

This book pursues the questions from a broad range of law and economics perspectives. Digital transformation leads to economic and social change, bringing with it both opportunities and risks. This raises questions of the extent to which existent legal frameworks are still sufficient and whether there is a need for new or additional regulation in the affected areas: new demands are made on the law and jurisprudence.

This book showcases the discussion about megaprojects carried out at the MeRIT (Megaproject Research Interdisciplinary Team) workshop 2022: the crisis, discontinuity, rising prices, and supply chains disruption force radical reflection for those involved in megaprojects. It raises a modern-day challenge, the creation of value for stakeholders. Indeed, the aim of the volume is to encourage readers to think more broadly, articulately and less stringently than the mainstream claims. There is a need to design, implement, and manage megaprojects by abandoning the old paradigm that leveraged solely on time and cost. We need to move beyond that by going to explore the value generated, the positive impact on people, communities and territories. Economic, social and environmental sustainability takes on a new and broader articulation: issues of the circular economy applied to megaprojects are addressed and ample space is ensured for the inclusion of social needs in current practices.

This book helps unlock the root cause of abnormal grain growth in a commercial nickel alloy. The chapters explore the effects of different solution treating and aging techniques, showing how they impact the hardness properties of hot-rolled and cold-drawn Monel K-500. The book covers how high-frequency induction heat treating can lead to severe duplex microstructure, and uncovers the surprising differences between solution treating in vacuum and convection air furnaces. This book is helpful to anyone seeking to optimize the performance of metal alloys.

From Sherlock Holmes onwards, fictional detectives use lenses: Ocular Proof and the Spectacled Detective in British Crime Fiction argues that these visual aids are metaphors for ways of seeing, and that they help us to understand not only individual detectives¿ methods but also the kinds of cultural work detective fiction may do. It is sometimes regarded as a socially conservative form, and certainly the enduring popularity of ¿Golden Age¿ writers such as Christie, Sayers, Allingham and Marsh implies a strong element of nostalgia in the appeal of the genre. The emphasis on visual aids, however, suggests that solving crime is not a simple matter of uncovering truth but a complex, sophisticated and inherently subjective process, and thus challenges any sense of comforting certainties. Moreover, the value of eye-witness testimony is often troubled in detective fiction by use of the phrase ¿the ocular proof¿, whose origin in Shakespeare¿s Othello reminds usthat Othello is manipulated by Iago into misinterpreting what he sees. The act of seeing thus comes to seem ideological and provisional, and Lisa Hopkins argues that the kind of visual aid selected by each detective is an index of his particular propensities and biases.

The current book focuses on Mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth.). It explores aspects, such as origin, phenology, propagation, floral and fruit morphology, arthropod visitors, pollination mechanisms, propagation methods, chromosome number, fruit development, breeding, morphological diversity, and the impact of climate change. It includes novel data about plant phenology, flowering, insect visitors, seed germination, fruit morphology, and allometric relationships. This work includes an in-depth review of the most recently published information on the topic. Mora de Castilla is an economically important fruit crop from the Andes. It has been crossed with other Rubus species due to its high yield and everbearing habit. Currently, it is an economically important plant. It has been hybridized with other Rubus species producing new and better-quality hybrids This book contains numerous photographs selected by the author to provide the reader with detailed information about the plant¿s morphological features and arthropod visitors.

This book constitutes two challenges that were held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022, which took place in Singapore during September 18-22, 2022. The peer-reviewed 20 long and 5 short papers included in this volume stem from the following three biomedical image analysis challenges: Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge (MIDOG 2022), Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis Challenge (CRAC 2022)The challenges share the need for developing and fairly evaluating algorithms that increase accuracy, reproducibility and efficiency of automated image analysis in clinically relevant applications.

This book presents a solution to the challenging issue of optimizing expensive-to-evaluate industrial problems such as the hyperparameter tuning of machine learning models. The approach combines two well-established concepts, Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO) and parallelization, to efficiently search for optimal parameter setups with as few function evaluations as possible.Through in-depth analysis, the need for parallel SBO solvers is emphasized, and it is demonstrated that they outperform model-free algorithms in scenarios with a low evaluation budget. The SBO approach helps practitioners save significant amounts of time and resources in hyperparameter tuning as well as other optimization projects. As a highlight, a novel framework for objectively comparing the efficiency of parallel SBO algorithms is introduced, enabling practitioners to evaluate and select the most effective approach for their specific use case.Based on practical examples, decision support is delivered, detailing which parts of industrial optimization projects can be parallelized and how to prioritize which parts to parallelize first. By following the framework, practitioners can make informed decisions about how to allocate resources and optimize their models efficiently.

An important novel menu for Survival Analysis entitled Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models has been published by IBM (international Businesss Machines) in its SPSS statistical software update of 2023. Unlike the traditional Cox regressions that work with hazards, which are the ratio of deaths and non-deaths in a sample, it works with risk of death, which is the proportion of deaths in the same sample. The latter approach may provide better sensitivity of testing, but has been seldom applied, because with computers risks are tricky and hazards because they are odds are fine. This was underscored in 1997 by Keiding and colleague statisticians from Copenhagen University who showed better-sensitive goodness of fit and null-hypothesis tests with AFT than with Cox survival tests.So far, a controlled study of a representative sample of clinical Kaplan Meier assessments, where the sensitivity of Cox regression is systematically tested against that of AFT modeling, hasnot been accomplished. This edition is the first textbook and tutorial of AFT modeling both for medical and healthcare students and for professionals. Each chapter can be studied as a standalone, and, using, real as well as hypothesized data, it tests the performance of the novel methodology against traditional Cox regressions. Step by step analyses of over 20 data files stored at Supplementary Files at Springer Interlink are included for self-assessment.We should add that the authors are well qualified in their field. Professor Zwinderman is past-president of the International Society of Biostatistics (2012-2015) and Professor Cleophas is past-president of the American College of Angiology (2000-2002). From their expertise they should be able to make adequate selections of modern data analysis methods for the benefit of physicians, students, and investigators. The authors have been working and publishing together for 25 years and their research can be characterized asa continued effort to demonstrate that clinical data analysis is not mathematics but rather a discipline at the interface of biology and mathematics.