Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Switzerland

Books on cleft surgery are usually very specific and written for experts in the field. A basic surgical learning manual on the techniques of cleft surgery has been missing on the market so far. Surgical atlases do not contain all surgical steps and make it difficult for beginners in cleft surgery to understand the surgical concept in the operating room. The technique of cleft surgery is often passed on directly from teacher to student without using a didactically elaborated teaching concept.This book closes precisely this gap. Thus, cleft surgery is presented systematically - with first steps on an innovative training model, didactically meaningful and with numerous detailed illustrations. Each chapter begins with information on the historical background. As a start, there is a brief description on how the established surgical techniques became standard and which considerations led to these concepts. Then anatomical basics, as well as preoperative considerations are presented. Elaborate schematic drawings and illustrations are used for this purpose. Each surgical technique is then explained and shown step by step with numerous pictures. A simple training model offers the opportunity to simulate and practice lip closure techniques step by step. Finally, there are expert tips and recommendations for further reading. The book presents an international standard for all surgeons learning cleft surgery. However, it can also be helpful for experts in the field, e. g. for looking up concepts in rarer cleft types such as lateral facial clefts.

Microplastics and nanoplastics have been recently found in most environmental media and in living organisms, thus representing a serious health concern of yet poorly known adverse consequences. This book summarizes recent findings on the sources, behavior, transformation, toxicity and remediation of microplastics, with focus on soils, water, wastewater, air, soils, plants and corals. Advanced methods for sampling, characterization, removal and degradation of microplastics.

This book provides a cultural investigation of the police in India and how it uses data and algorithmic tools for crime mapping.The book draws on an ethnographic study of Delhi Police's hotspot mapping endeavour. It provides a sociological investigation of the police in India and how they use data and algorithmic tools for crime mapping. It discusses how ¿criminals¿ are constructed in these systems, typically, the marginalised residents of slums and immigrant colonies. It explores how the algorithm reifies existing assumptions and prejudices about 'criminals' as artificial intelligence systems are deeply intertwined with the culture and beliefs of those who make and use them. It pays special attention to the discriminatory practices of relevant police officers and how this ¿predictive¿ policing perpetuates harm to the most marginalised. This book contributes to discussions around big data and surveillance studies broadly.

This book includes papers presented at the 14th International Conference ¿Economies of the Balkan and Eastern European Countries¿ (EBEEC), held in Florence, Italy, in May 2022. It sheds new light on the micro- and macroeconomic developments in the Eastern European and Balkan countries, taking into account also the broader regional and global factors influencing these developments. In particular, it includes the latest theoretical and empirical research and policy insights from Central and Southeastern Europe and presents new ideas on how to resolve economic problems, also generated by the pandemic, in the Balkan and Eastern European economies in a pan-European context. By examining how the decisions and the performance of economic, social, and political actors in the area are intertwined with wider events, also at a global level, the papers highlight the dynamic development in Eastern Europe and the Balkans region. Further, the book demonstrates how the area is evolving within the framework of European economic integration and the global effervescent economy.

Plant bioactive compounds are plant-based natural products that display a variety of pharmacological applications. These bioactive compounds are important as medicines, pigments and flavorings since most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction. The types and concentrations of bioactive compounds produced by plants are determined by the species, genotype, physiology, developmental stage and environmental factors during growth, determining the physiological adaptive responses employed by various plant taxonomic groups in coping with the stress and defensive stimuli. In the past two decades there has been a renewed interest in the study of conventional aspects such as elicitors and biotic and abiotic stress factors that influence secondary metabolism during in vitro and in vivo growth of plants. the application of molecular biology tools and techniques are facilitating increased understanding of the signaling processes and pathwaysinvolved in the bioactive compounds production in subcellular, cellular, organ and whole plant systems during in vivo and in vitro growth, with application in the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathways intermediates. Biosynthesis and Manipulation of Bioactive compounds in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants provides a comprehensive introduction and review of the state-of-the-art biotechnological tools used in enhancement of bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. Readers will find a systematic overview of techniques such as Omics, Crisper /Cas9 and RNAi to enhance plant bioactive contents including various in vitro techniques, hairy root culture and transgenic technology to enhance plant bioactive contents using plant tissue culture approaches. The chapters provide an overview of the role of induced mutation, biotic and abiotic stress to increase the bioactive contents in plants, plus the role of endophytes to enhance the contents of plant bioactive compounds and standard operating procedures using hydroponics system of cultivation for significant enhancement of bioactive compounds.This book serves as a single source for researchers working in plant secondary metabolites and the pharmaceutical industry.

This book introduces the reader to the study of Hamiltonian systems, focusing on the stability of autonomous and periodic systems and expanding to topics that are usually not covered by the canonical literature in the field. It emerged from lectures and seminars given at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, known as one of the leading research centers in the theory of Hamiltonian dynamics.This book starts with a brief review of some results of linear algebra and advanced calculus, followed by the basic theory of Hamiltonian systems. The study of normal forms of Hamiltonian systems is covered by Ch.3, while Chapters 4 and 5 treat the normalization of Hamiltonian matrices. Stability in non-linear and linear systems are topics in Chapters 6 and 7. This work finishes with a study of parametric resonance in Ch. 8. All the background needed is presented, from the Hamiltonian formulation of the laws of motion to the application of the Krein-Gelfand-Lidskii theory of stronglystable systems.With a clear, self-contained exposition, this work is a valuable help to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and to mathematicians and physicists doing research on this topic.

This book presents the state of the art on the weathering of polymers and plastic materials in outdoor applications, comprising natural weathering, accelerated climatic weathering, laboratory artificial accelerated weathering, and lifetime prediction methodology. It summarizes the most suitable methods of instrumental analysis to access and quantify (when possible) degradation caused by weathering, while also covering the degradation and stabilization of polymers based on environmental and artificially induced factors. Innovative polymer additives and some developments in polymeric materials designed for outdoor applications are also included, emphasizing a few selected cases. the book intends to be an important reference source for those involved in the study of the durability of polymers and plastics, production of plastics for exterior applications, chemists responsible for quality control of plastic products, and researchers and students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry and environmental science.

This book presents contributions from the MICCAI 2022 Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop. "Computational Biomechanics for Medicine - towards translation and better patient outcomes¿ comprises papers accepted for the MICCAI Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop held in 2022 in Singapore. The content focuses on applications of computational biomechanics to computer-integrated medicine, which includes MICCAI topics of Medical Image Computing, Computer-Aided Modeling and Evaluation of Surgical Procedures, and Imaging, Analysis Methods for Image Guided Therapies, Computational Physiology, and Medical Robotics. Specific topics covered include medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, analysis of injury mechanisms, implant and prostheses design, as well as artificial organ design and medical robotics. This book details state-of-the-art progress in the above fields to researchers, students, and professionals.

This textbook presents applicative examples of the main methods of structural analysis of statically indeterminate frame structures. It begins with a brief description of the kinematic analysis for plane frames. The Force Method, the Displacement Method and the Mixed method are applied for the solutions of statically indeterminate plane structures. The book first deals with the solution of simple reference cases where the most common structural situations, such as inclined rods, extensional and rotational springs, thermal variations, symmetry and anti-symmetry (just to mention some of them) are treated singularly. It then reports the complete solution of complex plane frames where the most common structural situations, individually analyzed in the previous chapter, are combined.Given the diverse and wide range of examples covered, the volume represents an ideal learning resource for students of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture, and a valuable reference guide for structural engineering professionals.

This book explores multiple challenges faced by democratization in Southern Africa. Applying a wider lens to the concept of political transition and employing a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches, the contributions gathered here explore residual political cultural practices that hinder democratic consolidation in Southern Africa. Presenting various case studies, the book tackles themes such as the military-political nexus, leadership renewal, constitutionalism, electoral politics, election violence, marginalization of women, civil society and political transition, media framing and transitional justice. Written from a multidisciplinary perspective and drawing on empirical data from multiple sources, this edited volume challenges orthodox conceptualizations of political transition. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of political science, African studies, and related fields, as well as policy-makers and professionals interested in thelatest political developments in Southern Africa.

In this book, we study decision trees for fault diagnosis in circuits and switching networks, which are among the most fundamental models for computing Boolean functions. We consider two main cases: when the scheme (circuit or switching network) has the same mode of operation for both calculation and diagnostics, and when the scheme has two modes of operation¿normal for calculation and special for diagnostics. In the former case, we get mostly negative results, including superpolynomial lower bounds on the minimum depth of diagnostic decision trees depending on scheme complexity and the NP-hardness of construction diagnostic decision trees. In the latter case, we describe classes of schemes and types of faults for which decision trees can be effectively used to diagnose schemes, when they are transformed into so-called iteration-free schemes.The tools and results discussed in this book help to understand both the possibilities and challenges of using decision trees to diagnosefaults in various schemes. The book is useful to specialists both in the field of theoretical and technical diagnostics.It can also be used for the creation of courses for graduate students.

The book includes papers about various problems of dependable operation of computer systems and networks, which were presented during the 18th DepCoS-RELCOMEX conference. Their collection can be an interesting source material for scientists, researchers, practitioners, and students who are dealing with design, analysis, and engineering of computer systems and networks and must ensure their dependable operation.The increasing role of artificial intelligence algorithms and tools in modern information technology and computer engineering, especially rapid expansion of tools based on deep learning methods, calls for extending our view on system dependability. Selection of papers in these proceedings not only illustrates a wide-ranging variety of multidisciplinary topics which should be considered in this context but also proves that virtually all areas of contemporary computer systems and networks musttake into account an aspect of dependability.

For a long time, urban agriculture initiatives have been explored and novel policy and planning practices have been investigated. With the global food crisis the role urban agriculture has to play becomes more and more urgent. The potentials are large: it brings social justice, it limits climate change, it provides a healthy urban condition, it stimulates biodiversity and gives disadvantaged people an economic opportunity. After 15 years in the making, the time is ripe to see whether the growing of food has established a prominent position in urban planning and policies, food productivity, safety and security, social well-being, the arts, and human health. In this volume several aspects of growing food in the city are explored. Urban Agriculture plays a significant role in society. Nevertheless, it did not become a mainstream topic in day-to-day practice. This book provides concrete solutions and clues how to give urban food production a crucial role in the future planning of urbanenvironments.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography, PQCrypto 2022, held in College Park, MD, USA, in August 14¿18, 2023.The 25 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. They are categorized in the following topical sections: code-based cryptography; group-action-based cryptography; isogenye-based cryptography; lattice-based cryptography; multivariate cryptography; quantum algorithms, cryptanalysis and models; post-quantum protocols; side channel cryptanalysis and countermeasures.

This book presents an in-depth examination of the challenges facing the port industry in reducing CO2 emissions. Through empirical studies and real-world data, it explores the energy consumption of cargo handling machinery and reefer containers, and introduces new technologies and methods for reducing emissions. With a focus on practical application, the book provides a valuable resource for port managers and stakeholders looking to implement effective climate change countermeasures. It also serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying ports and climate change.

This book investigates how offenders of white-collar crime misuse legal loopholes in the courtroom. From powerful and corrupt alliances to a tough judicial battle, this volume looks at case studies from across the world to shed light on these matters and others, including:¿ How legal systems work when offenders have deep roots and connections¿ The courtroom proceedings and how offenders can manipulate the law¿ Global case studies supporting recommendations for resolving these issues The inside-look into the courtroom and accompanying critical analysis make this volume perfect for new graduate scholars, practitioners, and researchers working with perpetrators of white-collar crime.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Implementation and Application of Automata, CIAA 2023, held in Famagusta, North Cyprus, during September 19¿22, 2023. The 20 regular papers presented in this book together with invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. The topics of the papers cover various fields in the application, implementation, and theory of automata and related structures.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Big Data Analytics and Knowledge Discovery, DaWaK 2023, which took place in Penang, Malaysia, during August 29-30, 2023. The 18 full papers presented together with 19 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 83 submissions.They were organized in topical sections as follows: Data quality; advanced analytics and pattern discovery; machine learning; deep learning; and data management.

The Himalaya is the new folded mountain system ¿ the tallest and the youngest in the world. It has a rich diversity ¿ natural and cultural, and diversity in all walks of life. Most of its uniqueness is unknown because of its remoteness. Even, the native people are not aware of them. This book aims to describe the uniqueness of the Central Himalaya in terms of its natural and cultural diversity in detail. Supported by original figures and primary data, this book is empirically tested. It is mainly based on observation and participation and the use of a qualitative approach. Although lots of work has been carried out on the various aspects of the Himalayan region yet, a detailed description of the natural and cultural diversity is yet to be done. This book steps forward to elaborate on some of the unique natural and cultural features of the Central Himalaya, which are worthy to be known about. It contains a total of 10 chapters. Four chapters are devoted to natural diversity and fourchapters comprise cultural diversity. Besides, the introduction and conclusions are the first and the last chapters of the book, respectively. The book is the first of its kind and will be useful to all stakeholders ¿ students of all standards, research scholars, academicians, policymakers, native people, tourists, and the general public.

The book consists of 8 parts: Energy Informatics, Electric Power Engineering, Heat Power Engineering, Nuclear Power Engineering, Renewable Power Engineering, Fuels, Transport, and Environmental Safety. The results presented in this book are aimed at solving some of the technical issues proposed by the Ukraine Recovery Plan and other important scientific and applied problems in the field of energy. Scientists from leading Ukrainian academic institutions and universities are working on this book.This book is for scientists, researchers, engineers, as well as lecturers and postgraduates of higher education institutions dealing with energy sector, power systems, ecological safety, etc.

This book delivers an outline to graduate, undergraduate students, and researchers, as well as academicians who are working on lead toxicity with respect to remediation. It covers sources of lead contamination and its impact on human health and on prospective remediation through multi-disciplinary approaches with application of recent advanced biological technology. Lead is among the elements that have been most extensively used by man over time. This has led to extensive pollution of surface soils on the local scale, mainly associated with mining and smelting of the metal and addition of organic lead compounds to petrol. Release of lead to the atmosphere from various high-temperature processes has led to surface contamination on the regional and even global scale. In addition, plants grown on lead-rich soils incorporate lead, and thus, the concentration of lead in crop plants may be increased. Lead enters in the food chain through consumption of plant material. A high concentration oflead has been found to be harmful to vegetation. As the lead concentration increases, it adversely affects several biological parameters and eventually renders the soil barren. This edited book brings together a diverse group of researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by lead contamination of soil and plants. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches. This book contains three sections. The first section describes the different sources and distribution of lead in soil and plant ecosystems. The second section explains the health risks linked to lead toxicity. The third section addresses sustainable lead toxicity mitigation strategies and the potential applications of recent biological technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing fieldwork on lead contamination throughout the world.

This book assesses the main interrelationships between economic growth processes, life cycle sustainability assessment approaches, and new technologies in the framework of digital transition. In other words, it aims to highlight how sustainability assessment methodologies and artificial intelligence can better support different actors for more sustainable economic growth. Readers of the book would benefit from diverse perspectives on the contributions of evaluation methodologies and digital technologies to more sustainable economic growth. This is important especially for students, policymakers and public institutions. Economic growth is analysed using the concepts of sigma and beta convergence from neoclassical theory and the Verdoorn law of Keynesian development. For sustainability assessments, the book considers methodologies associated with social life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis. In the context of digital technologies, special emphasis is given to machine anddeep learning approaches.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on OpenMP, IWOMP 2023, held in Bristol, UK, during September 13¿15, 2023.The 15 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. The papers are divided into the following topical sections: OpenMP and AI; Tasking Extensions; OpenMP Offload Experiences; Beyond Explicit GPU Support; and OpenMP Infrastructure and Evaluation.

This book aims to familiarize with the basics of the SEMS theory, including logical-probabilistic and logical-linguistic methods for their design and modeling, taking into account the incomplete certainty of the operating environment and the mental characteristics of the members of the human¿machine systems collective. Smart electromechanical systems (SEMS) are used in cyber-physical systems (CPS). The main tasks in the field of theory and practice of CPS are to ensure the efficiency, reliability and safety of operation in real time.SEMS have been widely used since 2000 in parallel robots or so-called parallel kinematic machines. They offer good opportunities in terms of precision, rigidity and the ability to handle heavy loads. SEMS are used in unmanned vehicles, astronomy, machine tools, medicine and other fields.Currently, much attention is paid to the methods of designing and modeling SEMS based on the principles of adaptability, intelligence, biomorphism of parallel kinematics and parallelism in information processing and control calculations. The book consists of four parts:- Mechanisms and control systems;- The central nervous system;- Group control;- Examples of using SEMS modules.The book is recommended for specialists in the field of control, as well as a textbook for masters of universities specializing in the field of smart electromechanical systems and robotics and includes many scientific fields such as kinematics, dynamics and control theory.

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, CSEDU 2022, Virtual Event, April 22¿24, 2022. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 crisis.The 8 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 181 submissions. The papers included in CSEDU 2022 proceedings contribute to the understanding of relevant trends of current research on Computer Supported Education, including: Emerging Technologies in Education for Sustainable Development, Instructional Design, Pre-K/K-12 Education, Machine Learning, Learning with AI Systems, Higher Order Thinking Skills, Game-Based and Simulation-Based Learning, Educational Data Mining, Course Design and eLearning Curriculae and Constructivism and Social Constructivism.

This contributed volume offers several cases in life cycle assessment (LCA) and implementation of circular economy principles across different industries. LCA is a tool which is utilized to measure the environmental footprints of various products from inception through disposal. Circular economy, a related concept, presents a meaningful alternative to a traditional linear economy as it seeks possible ways to reduce waste, recover resources at the end of a product¿s life, and channel them back into production, thus significantly reducing environmental impacts. LCA and CE complement each other, as the former can be used to meaningfully assess possibilities for the latter. The combination of the principles of CE and LCA enable product developers to quantify the environmental performance of various products, processes and supply chain configurations in order to make progress toward sustainability.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering 2022. The contents of this volume focus on specialty conferences in construction, environmental, hydrotechnical, materials, structures, transportation engineering, etc. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

This book comprises state-of-the-art research results in the field of mechatronics and other closely related areas and that will be presented on occasion of the third ¿International Conference of Reliable Systems Engineering (ICoRSE 2023)¿ that will take place in Bucharest, Romania, between 07¿08 September 2023.The first two ICoRSE editions brought together professors, Ph.D. students, and researchers in Europe, North America, and Asia, in countries such as: England, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. In this year¿s edition of the conference, we have benefitted from the inclusion in the scientific committee of the conference of professors in all of these countries, and we cover a wide variety of topics, such as: theoretical and applied mechanics; cyber-physical systems, robotics, smart bio-medical and bio-mechatronic systems, new and intelligent materials and structures, modelling andsimulation in mechanics and mechatronics, smart mechatronic production and control system, optics, control systems, big data modelling, micro- and nanotechnology, automation, manufacturing optimization, and other.Since the book¿s chapters represent contributions of scholars who work in both state-funded institutions and in the business environment, they reflect a clear picture of the novelties attained in the leading-edge sciences that are in the scope of the conference. It is our belief that the book is useful to both students and researchers in all areas of engineering, who will each find at least one topic worthy of their interest in this work.