Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Switzerland AG

This book focuses on dialog from a varied combination of fields: Linguistics, Philosophy of Language and Computation. It builds on the hypothesis that meaning in human communication arises at the discourse level rather than at the word level. The book offers a complex analytical framework and integration of the central areas of research around human communication. The content revolves around meaning but it also gives evidence of the connection among different points of view.Besides discussing issues of general interest to the field, the book triggers theoretical argumentation that is currently under scientific discussion. It examines such topics as immanent reasoning joined with Recanati's lekta and free enrichment, challenges of internet conversation, inner dialogs, cognition and language, and the relation between assertion and denial. It proposes a dialogical framework for intra-negotiation and gives a geolinguistic perspective on spoken discourse. Finally,it examines dialog and abduction and sheds light on a generation of dialog contexts by means of multimodal logic applied to speech acts.

Electricity and Magnetism (E&M) underlies many lifesaving medical devices, such as magnetic resonance imaging scanners, neural stimulators, and heart pacemakers. But E&M also attracts its share of bogus health claims, such as biomagnetic therapy. How do you separate the good from the bad? Sometimes it¿s not easy: experiments are prone to artifacts, theories are limited by assumptions, and clinical trials can result in ambiguities. In this book, the author separates the wheat from the chaff, showing which applications of E&M are bogus and which are not. This book takes the reader on a tour through a range of fascinating phenomena, from effects that are constant in time at one extreme, such as transcranial direct current stimulation of the brain, to the millimeter-wave whole-body scanners which are familiar to frequent flyers at the other. Along the way, the author looks in depth at the dispute about power line magnetic fields and leukemia, a case study in what can go wrong when dubiousclaims inflame unjustified fears. The debate about cell phones and brain cancer still rages today, particularly for the microwave frequencies encountered with new 5G technology. Recently, the so-called Havana Syndrome has been attributed to microwave weapons, but the underlying biophysics of such weapons is unclear. For all these encounters with electricity and magnetism, the author, an eminent biophysicist, uses science and evidence to sort out fact from fantasy. This book is aimed at general readers who want to make sense of the mysterious and often controversial ways in which E&M interacts with the human body. It is also ideal for students and professionals in bioscience and health-related fields who want to learn more without getting overwhelmed by theory.

This book offers the first, full academic analysis of the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup. Adopting an international relations perspective, the authors critically interrogate the politics and controversy that has surrounded arguably the most controversial sports event ever. In doing so, this text offers up an imperative examination of Qatar¿s desired objectives through their investment in global sport and sports events, as well as provides readers with an academic explanation on why major event hosts ¿ such as Qatar ¿ receive so much international scrutiny in the pre-event stage of the event hosting process. On the back of this international scrutiny, this text also provides the first full analysis on how such negative scrutiny has forced Qatar to implement various social-political changes at home.

This book explores the nature of money and banking throughout their history, and applies this to the study of financial crises. The first part of the book covers the evolution of monetary arrangements, money creation and the business of banking since their earliest manifestations to the present day, showing how changes in the business of banking led to a transformation in the money we use. The second part of the book applies the understanding acquired during the first part to the study of financial crises, showing that money is taken out of circulation when bank loans are paid back. This key insight is at the core of the mechanism that explains financial crises, since an economy that sees its money supply diminish is also an economy that cannot generate enough demand for its own goods and services. Financial crises result when bank lending slows down or comes to a halt ¿ while outstanding bank loans are still due for repayment. The mechanism is discussed in detail, and the crucial role of banks highlighted. Adequate policy measures to prevent crises, or to mitigate their effects, are then put forward in light of this mechanism. The book will be of interest to researchers and students of economic and financial history, as well as those working in finance, banking and economics more widely.

This book explores the representation of London¿s nightlife in popular films and newspapers of the interwar period. Through a series of case-studies, it analyses how British popular media in the 1920s and 1930s displayed the capital after dark. It argues that newspapers and films were part of a common culture, which capitalized on the transgressive possibilities of the night. At the same time both media ensured that those in authority, such as the police, were always shown to ultimately be in control of the night. The first chapter of the book provides an overview of the British film and newspaper industries in the interwar period. Subsequent chapters each explore a specific aspect of London¿s nightlife. In turn, these chapters consider how films and newspapers of the interwar period depicted women navigating the street at night; the Metropolitan Police¿s involvement in nightlife; and the capital¿s newly built and expanded suburbs and public transport network. Finally, the book considers how newspapers and films depicted themselves and one another.

This book examines the spectrum of green behaviors in organizational settings, focusing on the contribution that employees make through their environmental engagement. The authors provide an overview of green behaviors while clarifying the meaning of the concept and its critical importance to greening employees. By distinguishing between voluntary (e.g., encouraging colleagues to express their ideas about environmental issues), prescribed (e.g., having an obligation to implement environmental policies), and counterproductive (e.g., not caring about water or electricity consumption) behaviors, the book rethinks sustainable development, placing the psychological and environmental dimensions on a par.Aimed at researchers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational change, and psychology, this interdisciplinary study proposes a novel approach to sustainability by assessing employee behaviors at work.

This is the second edition of a well-received textbook that reflects the state of the art in Hypospadias Surgery. It provides a comprehensive reference that covers the History, Embryology, Anatomy, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Genetics, all surgical techniques, their complications and long term follow up of Hypospadias. It is well illustrated with more than 2000 colour illustrations, operative photographs, surgical tips & tricks and complications. Hypospadias Surgery has become a true sub-specialty; however, there is a wide diversity of opinions, and a large number of operations have been described. In this unique volume, a team of world-class authors (42 experts from 19 countries) presents a professional and updated global overview on the management of this condition, highlighting and exploring the current philosophy and the different principles and techniques of hypospadiasrepair. Pediatric Urologists, Pediatric Surgeons, Plastic Surgeons and Urologists will benefit from reading this Second Edition. This book represents an excellent practical guide not only to surgeons in training, but also to more expert surgeons involved in the management of this common, but troublesome condition. ¿Surgeons should not operate on a patient with hypospadias unless they have read, marked, learnt and inwardly digested every word in every chapter in this book¿. (review of the first edition in the European Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2004

This book demonstrates the significance of domain-specific conceptual modeling through new research and development approaches that are manifested in each of the chapters. They include novel modelling methods and tools that emphasize the recent results accomplished and their adequacy to assess specific aspects of a domain.Each chapter offers detailed instructions on how to build models in a particular domain, such as product-service engineering, enterprise engineering, digital business ecosystems, and enterprise modelling and capability management. All chapters are enriched with case studies, related information, and tool implementations. The tools are based on the ADOxx metamodelling platform and are provided free of charge via OMiLAB. Furthermore, the book emphasizes possible future developments and potential research directions.The collection of works presented here will benefit experts and practitioners from academia and industry alike, including members of the conceptual modeling community as well as lecturers and students.

This book reviews and presents a number of approaches to Fuzzy-based system safety and reliability assessment. For each proposed approach, it provides case studies demonstrating their applicability, which will enable readers to implement them into their own risk analysis process.The book begins by giving a review of using linguistic terms in system safety and reliability analysis methods and their extension by fuzzy sets. It then progresses in a logical fashion, dedicating a chapter to each approach, including the 2-tuple fuzzy-based linguistic term set approach, fuzzy bow-tie analysis, optimizing the allocation of risk control measures using fuzzy MCDM approach, fuzzy sets theory and human reliability, and emergency decision making fuzzy-expert aided disaster management system.This book will be of interest to professionals and researchers working in the field of system safety and reliability, as well as postgraduate and undergraduate students studying applications of fuzzy systems.