Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Switzerland AG

This book is aimed at postgraduate and Ph.D. students specializing in condensed matter physics, quantum mechanics, and the theory of relativity. It explores fundamental problems in physics that can be addressed in the mesoscopic regime. Some of the key topics covered include:a) The state of a tunneling particle under a barrierb) A local description of the state of a quantum particlec) Reality of time travel leading to reconciliation of the classical and quantum lawsThe book also sets the stage for developing an alternative description of quantum mechanics and how scattering phase shift can be used to probe local density of states. It highlights essential differences from traditional statistical mechanics and discusses the potential applications and future technologies stemming from breakthroughs in basic science, which will be of interest to researchers.

This book offers a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of key digital and AI technologies, providing readers with a thorough understanding of the concepts and advancements driving the digital and AI transformation. Readers will gain the foundational knowledge needed to engage and keep abreast with the subject matter effectively. The chapters are organized in a systematic and logical way, starting from foundation (ICT), technologies (digital platforms, digital technologies, AI technology), and applications in industry and in society.The book addresses the critical ethical and societal issues surrounding digital and AI technologies, discusses regulatory frameworks, and explores potential solutions to these challenges. This feature is especially valuable for policymakers and general readers who need to understand the broader implications of technological advancements and make informed decisions accordingly.By including the businesses and issues of the leading platform companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, and Meta, and also by including the case studies of successful digital transformations in various industries like ENGIE, John Deere, POSCO, and Hyundai Motors, the book provides practical insights and actionable strategies. This feature is particularly valuable for professionals and academics who can learn from real-world applications and apply these lessons to their own contexts.Although the content is most relevant to professionals in the technology, business, and industry sectors who are involved in digital and AI transformation initiatives, the book is designed to be accessible to readers at any level, especially to those who want to keep abreast with the advancement of digital and AI technologies.

This book provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to generative artificial intelligence.The first part explains the foundational technologies and architectures that support the realization of generative models. It covers evolved and deepened elements, word embeddings as a representative example of representation learning, and the Transformer as a network foundation, along with its underlying attention mechanism. Reinforcement learning, which became essential for elevating large-scale language models to language generation models, is also discussed in detail, focusing on essential aspects.The second part deals with language generation. It starts by elucidating language modelsand introduces large-scale language models with broad applications as the foundational architecture of language processing, further discussing language generation models as their evolution. Though not common terminology, in this book, models such as ChatGPT and Llama 2, which are large-scale language models fine-tuned using reinforcement learning, are referred to as generative language models.The third part addresses image generation, discussing variational autoencoders and the remarkable diffusion models. Additionally, it explains Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN). Although GAN poses challenges due to unstable learning, their conceptual framework is widely applicable, especially Wasserstein GAN seems suitable for introducing optimal trans- port distance, which is utilized in various scenarios.This book primarily serves as a companion for researchers or graduate students in machine learning, aiming to help them understand the essence of generative AI and lay the groundwork for advancing their own research.

This book is a continuation of our recently published book "Algebraic formalization of smart systems. Maltsev's theory of algebraic systems and the theory of fractals developed by Benoit Mandelbrot, to investigate smart systems in more detail.

In this book, the authors, as policy analysts, examine the overall context and dynamics of modern medicine, focusing on the changing conditions of medical practice through the lens of corporatization of medicine, physician unionization, physician strikes, and current health policy directions. Conditions affecting the American medical profession have been dramatically altered by the continuing crises of cost increases, quality concerns, and lack of access facing our population, along with the ongoing corporatization toward bottom-line dictates. Pressures on practitioners have been intensifying with much greater scrutiny over their clinical decision-making. Topics explored among the chapters include:History of the Corporatization of American Medicine: The Market Paradigm ReignsPharmaceuticals, Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Drug Store Chains, and Pharmacy Benefit Manager/Insurer IntegrationMedical Practice: From CottageIndustry to Corporate PracticeMedical Malpractice Crisis: Oversight of the Practice of MedicineBig Data: Information Technology as Control over the Profession of MedicinePhysician Employment Status: Collective Bargaining and StrikesThe Corporatization of American Health Care offers different perspectives with the hopes that physicians will unite in a new awareness and common cause to curtail excessive profit-making, renew professional altruism, restore the charitable impulse to health provider institutions, and unite with other professionals to truly raise levels of population health and the quality of health care. It is also a necessary resource for health policy analysts, healthcare administrators, health law attorneys, and other associated health professions.

Every global crisis highlights the strategic importance of industrial and non-profit supply chains for society. In terms of coping with unforeseen and unpredictable events, supply chain resilience enables the parties and networks involved to stay successful during and after the disruption. Furthermore, a resilient supply chain contributes to the sustainable competitive advantage of the entire value chain.Written by scholars and practitioners alike, this book not only puts forward a new framework for resilience in supply chain management, but also presents best practice cases from various areas and industries. As a particular highlight, it includes a Delphi study that gathers state-of-the-art insights from supply chain leaders.In addition to practical approaches, methods and tools, the book also offers food for thought on the future of supply chain resilience. As such, it offers a valuable resource for current and future managers in the public and private sector, as well as researchers and students engaged in this field.

This fully revised and expanded 2nd edition provides a single authoritative resource describing the concepts of color and the application of color science across research and industry. Significant changes for the 2nd edition include: New and expanded sections on color engineeringMore entries on fundamental concepts of color science and color termsMany additional entries on specific materialsFurther material on optical concepts and human visual perceptionAdditional articles on organisations, tools and systems relevant to colorA new set of entries on 3D presentation of color In addition, many of the existing entries have been revised and updated to ensure that the content of the encyclopedia is current and represents the state of the art. The work covers the full gamut of color: the fundamentals of color science; the physics and chemistry; color as it relates to optical phenomena and the human visual system; and colorants and materials. The measurement of color is described through entries on colorimetry, color spaces, color difference metrics, color appearance models, color order systems and cognitive color. The encyclopedia also has extensive coverage of applications throughout industry, including color imaging, color capture, display and printing, and descriptions of color encodings, color management, processing color and applications relating to color synthesis for computer graphics are included. The broad scope of the work is illustrated through entries on color in art conservation, color and architecture, color and education, color and culture, and biographies of some of the key figures involved in color research throughout history. With over 250 entries from color science researchers across academia and industry, this expanded 2nd edition of the Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology remains the most important single resource in color science.

This eighth volume of Imagine Math is different from all the previous ones. The reason is very clear: in the last two years, the world changed, and we still do not know what the world of tomorrow will look like. Difficult to make predictions. This volume has a subtitle Dreaming Venice. Venice, the dream city of dreams, that miraculous image of a city on water that resisted for hundreds of years, has become in the last two years truly unreachable. Many things tie this book to the previous ones. Once again, this volume also starts like Imagine Math 7, with a homage to the Italian artist Mimmo Paladino who created exclusively for the Imagine Math 8 volume a new series of ten original and unique works of art dedicated to Piero della Francesca. Many artists, art historians, designers and musicians are involved in the new book, including Linda D. Henderson and Marco Pierini, Claudio Ambrosini and Davide Amodio. Space also for comics and mathematics in a Disney key. Many applications, from Origami to mathematical models for world hunger. Particular attention to classical and modern architecture, with Tullia Iori.As usual, the topics are treated in a way that is rigorous but captivating, detailed and full of evocations. This is an all-embracing look at the world of mathematics and culture.

This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering and its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design and scaling of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences.The opening section reviews the history of ¿technology-for-development¿ research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book¿s iterative approach of ¿innovation, implementation, evaluation, adaptation.¿ Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: energy and environment; market performance; education and labor; water, sanitation and health; digital governance; and connectivity. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single form, with common elements and discussion questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies, highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists will face in designing technology interventions that sustainably accelerate economic development.Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty and global climate change through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline needed to channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers toward advancing social justice and improved living conditions in low-resource communities around the world.

This new edition of the classic textbook on health informatics provides readers in healthcare practice and educational settings with an unparalleled depth of information on using informatics methods and tools. However, this new text speaks to nurses and ¿ in a departure from earlier editions of this title ¿ to all health professionals in direct patient care, regardless of their specialty, extending its usefulness as a textbook. This includes physicians, therapists, pharmacists, dieticians and many others. In recognition of the evolving digital environments in all healthcare settings and of interprofessional teams, the book is designed for a wide spectrum of healthcare professions including quality officers, health information managers, administrators and executives, as well as health information technology professionals such as engineers and computer scientists in health care. The book is of special interest to those who bridge the technical and caring domain, particularly nurse and medical informaticians and other informaticians working in the health sciences.Nursing Informatics: An Interprofessional and Global Perspective contains real-life case studies and other didactic features to illustrate the theories and principles discussed, making it an ideal resource for use within health and nursing informatics curricula at both undergraduate and graduate level, as well as for workforce development. It honors the format established by the previous editions by including a content array and questions to guide the reader. Readers are invited to look out of the box through a dedicated global perspective covering health informatics applications in different regions, countries and continents.