Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Singapore

This book illustrates the role of randomness and noise in living organisms. Traditionally, the randomness and noise have been used in understanding signal processing in communications. This book is divided into two sections, the first of which introduces readers to the various types and sources of noise and the constructive role of noise in non-linear dynamics. It also analyses the importance of randomness and noise in a variety of science and engineering applications. In turn, the second section discusses in detail the functional role of noise in biological processes for example, in case of brain function at the level of ion channel, synaptic level and even at cognitive level. These are described in various chapters. One of the challenging issue finding the neuronal correlates of various meditative states is to understand how brain controls various types of noise so as to reach a state of synchronized oscillatory state of the brain corresponding to the state of Samadhi. This is described in details in one chapter called Noise, Coherence and meditation. The concept of noise and the role of randomness in living organism raise lot of controversy for last few decades. This is discussed in a separate chapter. Finally, the epistemic and ontic nature of randomness as discussed in physical science are investigated in the context of living organism.

This second volume of the book series shows R-calculus is a combination of one monotonic tableau proof system and one non-monotonic one. The R-calculus is a Gentzen-type deduction system which is non-monotonic, and is a concrete belief revision operator which is proved to satisfy the AGM postulates and the DP postulates. It discusses the algebraical and logical properties of tableau proof systems and R-calculi in many-valued logics. This book offers a rich blend of theory and practice. It is suitable for students, researchers and practitioners in the field of logic. Also it is very useful for all those who are interested in data, digitization and correctness and consistency of information, in modal logics, non monotonic logics, decidable/undecidable logics, logic programming, description logics, default logics and semantic inheritance networks.

This book aims to cover the applications of nanotechnology against human infectious diseases. The chapters of the book discuss the role of nanotechnology in the efficient diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. It explicitly provides an overview of nanodiagnostics for infectious diseases from nanoparticles-based, nanodevice-based, and point-of-care platforms. The book also covers the state-of-the-art review of recent progress in biomimetic and bioengineered nanotherapies to treat infectious diseases. It also presents a nano carrier-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system for gene editing and its applications for developing interventional approaches against communicable diseases. Further, it reviews the recent developments in nanotechnology to engineer nanoparticles with desired physicochemical properties as a line of defense against multi-drug resistance micro-organisms. Cutting across the disciplines, this book serves as a guide for researchers in biotechnology, parasitology, and nanotechnology.

This edited volume documents attempts to conduct systematic and prodigious research using multilevel analysis in educational settings, and present their findings and identify future research directions. It showcases the versatility of multilevel analysis, and elucidates the unique advantages in examining complex and wide-ranging educational issues. This book brings together leading experts around the world to share their works in the field, highlighting recent advances, creative and unique approaches, and innovative methods using multilevel modeling and theoretical and practical aspects of multilevel analysis in culturally and linguistically-diverse educational contexts.

This book includes the concept, general summary and the equipment of the visual electrophysiological examination. It also covers the clinical application scope, diagnosis protocol, standardized operation steps, clinical report samples, and the key points of reading reports, etc. of visual evoked potential (VEP), electroretinogram (ERG), electrooculogram (EOG), multifocal VEP, multifocal ERG and other commonly used visual electrophysiological examinations. Typical clinical report examples of normal and abnormal waveforms are specially added, which is a highlight of this book and can help clinical technicians quickly grasp the key points of electrophysiological report reading.

This book highlights one of the most important water pollutants known as Microplastics. It has been reported that humans and the environment are dealing with microplastics particles in water and aquatic media. Despite the fact that such pollution might have mainly started out from the sea, it is now in lakes, rivers, ponds and even drinking water. This book presents as overview of microplastics in freshwater environments in different regions around the world. It discusses the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics, the removal/remediation techniques of microplastics and the role of water/wastewater treatment plants in spreading microplastics. This book is a valuable resource, covering wide aspects of microplastics from sources, detection and characterization to removal and their fate in treatment plants.

This edited book collects papers with perspectives from scholars and practitioners in Asia, Australia, and Europe to reveal the pros and cons, chances and challenges, constraints, and potential risks that educators and learners are facing as the new paradigm for communication and learning takes place, with a view to shedding light on the global education climate in the midst of the pandemic. Since the onset of the global pandemic, education has been revolutionized in almost every aspect. The emergency precautionary measures which were once supposed to be temporary school arrangements only have now become the new normal, reshaping our understanding of learning environments, redefining the pedagogic standards in terms of teaching practices, learning designs, teacher-student interaction, feedback, and assessment. Online teaching, distanced learning, flipped classrooms, and self-paced e-learning have all played an increasingly vital role in shaping a new education culture in various education settings, affecting school management, teachers, students, and parents alike. While ICT in education, alongside new media, has provided ample benefits and convenience for educators and students, communication and virtual lessons conducted in the socially distanced classroom appear to have brought issues such as the digital divide, e-mental health, insufficient technical support, inefficient classroom management, reduced interaction between teachers and students, not to mention the growing concerns over privacy and security.

This book provides an overview of the history of integrative bioinformatics and the actual situation and the relevant tools. Subjects cover the essential topics, basic introductions, and latest developments; biological data integration and manipulation; modeling and simulation of networks; as well as a number of applications of integrative bioinformatics. It aims to provide basic introduction of biological information systems and guidance for the computational analysis of systems biology. This book covers a range of issues and methods that unveil a multitude of omics data integration and relevance that integrative bioinformatics has today. It contains a unique compilation of invited and selected articles from the Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics (JIB) and annual meetings of the International Symposium on Integrative Bioinformatics.

This book comprehensively presents the concepts of neutron physics and imaging including neutron properties, neutron matter interaction, neutron imaging, comparison with X-ray and physics and design of neutron sources. It discusses how neutron imaging has gained importance as a powerful non-destructive technique to understand the internal structures of materials/engineered components in wide range of industries by increasing their applicability and efficiency. The book also covers the topics of neutron optics and detectors, basic principles of neutron radiography and tomography, related standards, safety, metrology and regulations in neutron imaging. The book presents applications of neutron imaging in the areas of aerospace industry, nuclear power and manufacturing industry, materials science and engineering, geomechanics, national security, biological, and medical domain. Given its scope, the book will be highly beneficial for postgraduate students, researchers and industry professionals working in the area of engineering and physics, especially non-destructive testing and non-destructive evaluation through neutron imaging.

This book provides in-depth information about the ecology, diversity and applications of Actinomycetes. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part discusses the diversity, chemical biology and ecology of Actinomycetes. It also covers the discovery of natural products from soil, endophytic and marine-derived Actinomycetes. It includes natural product discovery, chemical biology, new methods for discovering secondary metabolites, structure elucidation and biosynthetic research of natural products. The chapters in this part focus on the effects of biological and chemical elicitation at molecular level on secondary metabolism in Actinomycetes. The second part of the book discusses genomic and synthetic biology approaches in Actinomycetes drug discovery. This part includes chapters focused on the application of metabolic engineering to optimize natural product synthesis and the use of omics data in engineering of regulatory genes. It covers the advanced tools of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering including cluster assembly, CRISPR/Cas9 technologies, and chassis strain development for natural product overproduction in Actinomycetes. It describes the use of bioinformatics tools for reprogramming of biosynthetic pathways through polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase engineering. These advanced genomic and molecular tools are expected to accelerate the discovery and development of new natural products from Actinomycetes with medicinal and other industrial applications. The book is useful to researchers and students in the field of microbiology, pharmaceutical sciences and drug discovery.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 7th International Conference on Nanomanufacturing (nanoMan2021), held in Xi'an on November 17-19, 2021 after postponing twice due to COVID-19 pandemic. It encompasses the synthesis of nanomaterials, the fabrication of devices, the characterization of various products and systems, process monitoring and quality control, simulations, and the applications of nanoscience and nanotechnologies.

The four-volume set CCIS 1791, 1792, 1793 and 1794 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2022, held as a virtual event, November 22-26, 2022. The 213 papers presented in the proceedings set were carefully reviewed and selected from 810 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Theory and Algorithms; Cognitive Neurosciences; Human Centered Computing; and Applications.The ICONIP conference aims to provide a leading international forum for researchers, scientists, and industry professionals who are working in neuroscience, neural networks, deep learning, and related fields to share their new ideas, progress, and achievements.

This book is a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing (ICRTC 2022) held at SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, Delhi, India, during 3 ¿ 4 June 2022. The book discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques. The book presents original works from researchers from academic and industry in the field of networking, security, big data and the Internet of things.

The book focuses on the advanced mmWave/Sub-terahertz ultra-massive MIMO wireless communications, which are regarded as a promising paradigm shift in future 5G beyond and even 6G. This is achieved by providing a comprehensive review of the rapidly developing field of massive MIMO communication, in-depth discussions on the impact of extremely large-scale antenna array, and detailed numerical simulation results on our proposed schemes. Several case studies are given after introducing basic communication system components, and the simulation codes are open sourced in our book, which shows the reproducibility of our models and methods and provides convenience for readers such as researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of wireless communications.

This contributed book focuses on optimization methods inspired by nature such as Harmony Search Algorithm, Drosophila Food-Search Algorithm, Cohort intelligence algorithm and its variations, fuzzy logic along with their hybridization variants. It also focuses on multi-objective optimization algorithms such as Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Evolutionary Algorithm, Pareto Envelope Selection Algorithm, and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm. The content focuses on topics such as the optimal design of truss systems with various applications, the design and simulation of quarter car systems for comfort design, the road handling design and a balanced system, and topology optimization of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional structure in linear elasticity, plasticity and fracture mechanics among others. This book is a useful reference for those in academia and industry.

This book provides select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering (ICAMME 2022). It covers the latest research in the fields of mechanics and mechanical engineering. Various topics covered in this book are engineering design, machinery and machine elements, mechanical structures and stress analysis, automotive engineering, engine technology, aerospace technology and astronautics, mechanical intelligent control and robotics, mechatronics, dynamical systems and control, fluid mechanics, industrial manufacturing and applied mechanics. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the various fields of mechanical engineering.

This book provides conceptual information on the various processes involved in meta-analysis. It examines the importance of meta-analysis for the analyses of clinical data to draw a valid conclusion using suitable software. The initial sections of the book introduce meta-analysis, how to perform a systematic literature review (SLR), quality assessment of studies, extraction, and analysis of data. The subsequent section of the book contains information on advanced topics including, meta-regression, network meta-analysis, issues, mistakes, and future perspectives. In summary, the book provides a statistical method for combining the results of different studies on the same topic and resolving conflicts among studies. This book is written with the intent to allow a wide range of readers including students, researchers, and health care professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and paramedical, and is also helpful for a beginner who would like to do a meta-analysis.

This book consists of select proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Technologies and Advances in Automation, Aerospace and Robotics (STAAAR 2022). This book focuses on advancements in the fields of robotics and automation, applications of AI, aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, material characterization, renewable energy, computer-aided engineering design, rapid prototyping, aerospace engineering, and dynamics and vibrations. The major topics in the book include Industry 4.0, applications of additive manufacturing in biomedical, automotive and aviation industries, implants and prosthesis applications in human body, applications of latest technologies such as machine learning, IoT, static and dynamic balancing, force transmissibility, advanced mechanisms, etc. This book provides vital information to researchers, academicians and industrialists to enhance their knowledge in the field of recent advancements in the field of mechanical engineering.

This book contains the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering, ICSCE 2022, held on November 25¿27, 2022, in Hanoi, Vietnam. It presents the expertise of scientists and engineers in academia and industry in the field of bridge and highway engineering, construction materials, environmental engineering, engineering in Industry 4.0, geotechnical engineering, structural damage detection and health monitoring, structural engineering, geographic information system engineering, traffic, transportation and logistics engineering, and water resources, estuary, and coastal engineering.

The book provides comprehensive review of common uro-oncology cases mainly focusing on its management aspect. It includes diagnosis and clinical staging, surgical management, pathological staging, adjuvant treatment and follow up. It provides current evidence-based approaches for the management of common urological malignancies. All the chapters are written uniformly in a simple yet informative manner by experts in their respective fields. It contains well-prepared illustrations, relevant clinical images and flowcharts. The book is helpful for practicing urologists, uro-oncologists, oncologists as well as urology trainees, uro-oncology fellows in providing a holistic approach to cancer patients. It helps them to develop critical thinking and encourage discussion toward improving the overall care of the patients.

This book highlights the applications of continuous-variable entangled state representations in the research areas of quantum optics via the integration method within an ordered product of operators (IWOP). As a way to develop the Dirac¿s symbolic method, the IWOP method has made the integration of non-commutative operators possible by arranging non-commutable operators within an ordered product symbol. It not only deals with many existent quantum optics problems but also explores new research fields. The book also establishes a theoretical framework for solving important quantum optics subjects by taking full advantage of the entangled state representations. With original methods and detailed descriptions, the book is suitable for researchers, instructors, and students interested in quantum mechanics, quantum optics, and quantum information science.

This book continues the discussion from Volume I on economic, fiscal, and financial crises in world history that have had a great impact on the entire world and the fiscal measures taken by governments to combat each crisis. Such events are often described as black swans, a concept introduced by Economist and Risk Analyst Nassim Nicholas Taleb in the book Fooled By Randomness in 2001, in reference to events that were thought to be impossible but had a huge impact when they did happen.The beginning of this book notes that crises are catastrophic periods when the consequences of economic mistakes made by governments are reflected to the public. Although economic crises are seen as opportunities in some cases, they have created a burden for the people. Some economic crises even triggered the world war. A recent example, Adolf Hitler, was seen as a hope of salvation in Germany due to the Great Depression and was brought to power.The twentieth century, whentwo great world wars took place on the stage of history, is the witness of major economic crises as well as wars. These crises have caused social and economic paradigm shifts to be experienced much faster and more effectively than the previous centuries. The transformation of the demand-oriented economic understanding created by the Great Depression in 1929 into an interventionist social state understanding, especially after the World War Two, increased the intervention of states in the socioeconomic field. In this period, the reconstruction of the countries, the development of social welfare services, the assurance of human rights, the acceleration of industrialization and development, and the economic growth and income growth of the countries resulted in the golden age enjoyed by the societies of the period.The interventionist social state, seen as a prescription and opportunity in the past crisis, was one of the cornerstones of the crisis in the last quarter of thecentury in the 1970s. Against interventionism, with the rise of neo-liberalism, financial liberalization, information society, and technological discoveries, globalization has become the new phenomenon of the age. This book examines in detail the causes, occurrences, and results of the twentieth-century crises.

The European Union (¿EU¿) is promoting a suite of innovations in international economic regulation¿among them, reforms for secure and sustainable investment, a comprehensive approach to the mutual recognition of professional qualifications, a viable carbon border adjustment mechanism, heightened intellectual property rights protection, the arm¿s length principle in taxation, and an increased commitment to non-economic vales. Through a critical analysis of key regulations and policies, this volume explores the evolving architectures of international economic agreements in light of EU practice. A comprehensive analysis indicates that novelties are rooted in geoeconomic considerations, through which a fundamental shift is underway towards the adoption of comprehensive bilateral trade agreements. Whilst innovation has the potential to significantly harmonise cross-border regulatory frameworks, it can also trigger significant fractures, particularly when applied restrictively and asymmetrically. Arguably, the ¿Brussels effect¿ will to a certain extent foster a progressive development of international economic regulation, while in some respects being constrained by the status quo of the international economic regime.This volume is part of the Jean Monnet project Third Country Engagement with EU Trade Policy led by the ANU Centre for European Studies at the Australian National University, and supported by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ actions. The project seeks to explore and improve understanding of the EU¿s evolving trade policy and its implications for third countries, including Australia and countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

This book gathers selected research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Communication and Intelligent Systems (ICCIS 2021), organized by National institute of Technology, Delhi, India, during December 18-19, 2021. This book presents a collection of state-of-the-art research work involving cutting-edge technologies for communication and intelligent systems. Over the past few years, advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have sparked new research efforts around the globe, which explore novel ways of developing intelligent systems and smart communication technologies. The book presents single- and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest results available in a single, readily accessible source.

This book focuses on research in linear algebra, statistics, matrices, graphs and their applications. Many chapters in the book feature new findings due to applications of matrix and graph methods. The book also discusses rediscoveries of the subject by using new methods. Dedicated to Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (C.R. Rao) who has completed 100 years of legendary life and continues to inspire us all and Prof. Arbind K. Lal who has sadly departed us too early, it has contributions from collaborators, students, colleagues and admirers of Professors Rao and Lal. With many chapters on generalized inverses, matrix analysis, matrices and graphs, applied probability and statistics, and the history of ancient mathematics, this book offers a diverse array of mathematical results, techniques and applications. The book promises to be especially rewarding for readers with an interest in the focus areas of applied linear algebra, probability and statistics.

This book consists of some selected papers presented at the 4th cultural DNA workshop. The papers include topics from three different perspectives: insightful analysis, intelligent synthesis and cutting-edge tools to better understand cultural DNA.It is this diverse perspective toward cultural DNA that makes this book special and suggestive. This book can be suggestive especially for the designers trying to find the very essence, the archetype, and the building blocks of our environment for the incorporation of social and cultural factors into their designs.This book consists of some selected papers presented as first drafts at the 4th cultural DNA workshop. The papers include topics from three different perspectives: insightful analysis, intelligent synthesis and cutting-edge tools to better understand cultural DNA.

The subject of this book is civil engineering material and nanotechnology. Recent advances in nano-synthetic technologies and nanocomposite technologies as well as nano-surface modification technologies are driving the progressive exploitation of advanced nanomaterials. In view of their unique structures and mutual synergy, these advanced nanomaterials are expected to alleviate the dispersion issue of traditional nanomaterials in cement-based composites, improve their nanocomposite effectiveness and efficiency as well as impart new properties and functionalities to cement-based composites, thus boosting the development of new-generation cement-based nanocomposites. Based on the authors¿ latest research accumulations and achievements, this book presents the fundamentals, fabrications, characterizations, performances and applications of the new-generation cement-based nanocomposites. It features numerous illustrations and data graphs as well as summary tables to visually describe thetopics. This book is dedicated to students, researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of civil engineering materials and nanotechnology. The readers can find information on progress of civil engineering materials and nanotechnologies, cutting-edge research ideas and findings and practical guidance for developing sustainable and multifunctional cement-based nanocomposites.

This book is designed to fulfill a long felt need for a wide ranging empirical research on foreign capital-growth nexus. It presents an analysis of disaggregated flows of foreign capital and their long run relationship with growth process in an emerging nation like India during the past four decades. The study detects factors like financial deepening, trade openness and market size, as potential determinants of FDI. The book investigates long run relationship between FDI and Growth, with causality running from FDI to Growth, whereby Aid-Growth long run relationship is detected with causal direction from Aid to Growth. Further, Net foreign capital-growth nexus is also established in the long run, however, with no causal direction. The book examines the relative significance of Aid and FDI in terms of their impact on growth. The results reveal that Aid appears to be more productive than FDI, but when export is included in the model FDI appears to be more productive than Aid. Empirical results have been calculated in the book, with the help of Johansen and Juselius (1990) co-integration technique, vector error correction, impulse response function and variance decomposition. The results in the book show, superiority of FDI over Aid is not established in India, hence two variables remain complementary to each other. This timely book on foreign capital-growth nexus in India is likely to attract researchers, teachers of Economics, Mathematics, Commerce, Business Economics, Management, Technology and policy-makers interested in the foreign capital-growth nexus in future.

This book explores tools and techniques for creating the arts with groups. It provides insights into why workshops are such an effective and relevant form of creative practice. Throughout, two experienced practitioners share successful principles and qualities. They also include examples of workshops that explore ways of facilitating creative exploration.The authors believe that underpinning any good workshop practice is an understanding of what constitutes a workshop. This is a process in which the relationship between artist/researcher and participant/audience, maker, and witness is fluid. It extends each individual¿s abilities and connects doing to learning to inquiring in a single process. The book itself is a dialogue on, and an investigation into, this practice. It fully explores the specificities of workshop practice in relation to how it engages others in arts-based research.Readers learn how workshops involve inquiry into six areas:inquiry into subjects, artistic processes, skills, self, the world, and relationships with others. In the end, this informed investigation helps practitioners to better reflect on their own approaches to arts-based inquiry and research. This, in turn, leads to a better understanding of how readers can use workshops for the maximum benefit of all participants, both individuals and groups.