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First published in 1969, The Compass of Irony is a detailed study of the nature, qualities, classifications, and significance of irony. Divided into two parts, the book offers first a general account of the formal qualities of irony and a classification of the more familiar kinds. It then explores newer forms of irony, its functions, topics, and cultural significance. A wide variety of examples are drawn from a range of different authors, such as Musil, Diderot, Schlegel, and Thomas Mann. The final chapter considers the detachment and seeming superiority of the ironist and discusses what this means for the morality of irony. The Compass of Irony will appeal to anyone with an interest in the history of irony as both a literary and a cultural phenomenon.

Cruel Habitations (1974) looks at the pre-industrial background in which housing problems are rooted, with the decay of towns and the unsuccessful attempts to better their condition by public health reforms, by charitable agencies and by building societies - and with legislative action in Parliament towards housing reform.

Revealing the connections between the veneration of national landscape and eighteenth-century English vocal music, this study restores English music's connections with the picturesque. This book explores this gap, and shows how secular song, the glee, and national theatre music expressed a uniquely English engagement with landscape.

Posthuman Gaming: Avatars, Gamers, and Entangled Subjectivities explores the relationship between avatar and gamer in the massively multiplayer online roleplaying game World of Warcraft, to examine notions of entangled subjectivity, affects, and embodiments - what it means and how it feels to be posthuman.With a focus on posthuman subjectivity, Wilde considers how we can begin to articulate ourselves when the boundary between self and other is unclear. Drawing on fieldnotes of her own gameplay experiences, the author analyses how subjectivity is formed in ways that defy a single individual notion of "self", and explores how different practices, feelings, and societal understandings can disrupt strict binaries and emphasise our posthumanism. She interrogates if one can speak of an "I" in the face of posthuman multiplicity, before exploring different analytical themes, beginning with how acting theories might be posthumanised and articulate the relationship between avatar and gamer. She then defines posthuman empathy and explains how this is experienced in gaming, before addressing the need to account for boredom, the complexity of nostalgia, and ways death and loss are experienced through gaming.This volume will appeal to a broad audience and is particularly relevant to scholars and students of cultural studies, media studies, humanities, and game studies.

First published in 1967 Human Documents of the Victorian Golden Age presents a collection of 'documents', textual and pictorial, and human, illustrating and describing what the author calls, one of the most vigorous, vital, fertile periods in the history of the modern world. The material has been arranged in eight main chapters most of which have subdivisions. The first chapter has for its subject The Great Exhibition of 1851, and this is followed by life and labour, a series of picturesquely detailed description of London and the great industrial regions. Young England is concerned with the juvenile workers in factory and workshop. Next, we have the longest chapter in the book Queen Victoria's sisters containing number of documents describing the life of women in domestic service, the London dress factories and workshops, pit- banks and brickfields and in agriculture. Closely connected with this is home sweet home and then the chapter on the sanitary idea. Workers Unite! echoes Karl Marx but it has to do with the British working men who founded the modern trade union and cooperative movements. The last chapter talks about prostitutes and her clients and various environments in which the trade was carried on. This is an essential read for students of British history.

Originally published in 1983, the origin of this book is to be found in C. C. Harris's 'Changing conceptions of the relation between family and societal form' (in Scase: Industrial Society: Class, Cleavage and Control). In that article Harris attempted to relate traditional research on the family to recent developments in historical enquiry and Marxist scholarship. The aim of The Family and Industrial Society is to explain the character of the contemporary family by placing it in a wider historical and theoretical perspective. It is therefore directed at the undergraduate student for whom the 'sociology of the family', as a topic, has for too long been relatively unrelated to those contemporary developments in sociological thought and practice which inform other substantive areas of sociological work.The late C.C. Harris is perhaps best known for his best-selling introductory text The Family: An Introduction, first published in 1969. This new text was not, however, a straightforward replacement of an earlier book by a more up-to-date volume. Far too much had happened in sociology, in social studies and in family life itself, for a simple updating to make any sense. The Family was primarily a descriptive introduction, and was a presentation, albeit critical, of an orthodoxy. While this new book retains an introductory element based upon The Family's earlier chapters, the greater part of it is exploratory and assumes a higher level of sophistication and sociological understanding; it is also substantially longer.Dr Harris was singularly well qualified to write a volume of this kind. Not only had he conducted and was conducting empirical research into the family, but his wide theoretical interests rendered him uniquely well placed to contribute to the theoretical development of his field. Few sociologists shared his familiarity with both anthropological and historical work. He was thoroughly familiar with the now unfashionable structural functional approach of which he had always been critical, but was enthusiastic about the potentialities of contemporary developments. The result is a sophisticated text which combines instruction, criticism, interpretation and exploration in one volume; which familiarises the student with the fundamental work of the past (too often neglected) and explores exciting new developments for the future. It also includes the only general discussion of change in the British family since the last edition of Fletcher's The Family and Marriage in Britain.

The Routledge Companion Literature and the Global South is an invaluable resource for anyone studying and researching global South studies and literature, as well as those interested in world literature, contemporary literature, postcolonialism, decolonizing the curriculum, critical race studies, gender studies, and politics.

First published in 1984, The Royal Bastards of Medieval England establishes a list of royal bastards in medieval England, and discusses their roles in the history of the period. The authors describe how gradually the church began to formulate more definite views on sexual and marital customs, with a consequent decline in the status of illegitimate children. By early sixteenth century, however, royal bastards were once again making their way into the peerage. The book charts the lives of these men and women against the background not only of contemporary political developments, but also of changing ideas about morality and family. This book will be of interest to students of history, religion and literature.

There is little disagreement that the potential effects of water contamination on human health and the environment should not be ignored, even though the exact nature of those effects is not yet fully understood. That permanently incapacitating and even lethal substances (asbestos, for example) have, in ignorance, been introduced into the environment may become apparent only decades after their introduction. A new principle in water quality regulation is emerging in response to awareness of these dangers: An individual or organization can be held accountable for hazards to human health or for degradation of the environment created by the introduction of a substance, even if the individual or organization is not the source of that substance, even if no regulation of the substance currently exists, and even if the substance is not known to be hazardous or to degrade the environment at the time its release occurs. This book outlines the scientific aspects of the control of natural radioactivity in water supplies, as well as the labyrinthine uncertainties in water quality regulation concerning natural radiocontamination of water. The author provides an introduction to the theory of natural radioactivity, addresses risk assessment, describes sources and effects of natural radiocontamination of water, surveys federal water law concerning natural radiocontamination, and presents an account of how one city dealt with the perplexities that mark this rapidly evolving area of water quality regulation.

Originally published in 1944, The Missing Technician shows how Industrial Design must begin at the very first stages of planning a product. The procedure of a design research committee is outlined - a type of practical co-ordination of the work of industrial designers and production technicians which proved highly effective. The value of materials like aluminium and plastic are emphasized, but equally the importance of glass and cast iron is stressed, especially when handled in new ways that 20th Century techniques made possible.

This book provides an up-to-date, in-depth survey of 21st century Spanish horror film and media, exploring both aesthetics and industrial dynamics.

First published in 1976 Architecture and the Environment is based on the authors very successful Architecture of Children. The original book has been completely revised and new illustrations have been specially drawn. This book gives a comprehensive account of the role of architecture in the environment of a constantly developing world. It traces the history of building from its most primitive origins to the complex architecture of the current times. The book takes as a starting- point ideas that will be familiar to all its readers, then leads them on to an examination of the attitudes and approaches of architects and planners, so that they can follow the creative process step by step. The style of the book is direct and very readable, with a minimum of technological language and will be useful for general readers interested in architecture.

This volume explores institutions such as department stores, other shopping venues like drapers, as well as specialist stores that sell "luxury items". The volume also includes material on the Crystal Palace and other "colonial" exhibitions, shopping arcades, bazaars, and planned shopping venues that did not materialise.

China's Heritage through History employs a longue durée approach to examine China's heritage through history. From Imperial to contemporary China, it explores the role of practices and material forms of the past in shaping social transformation through knowledge production and transmission.The art of collecting, reproducing, and reinterpreting the past has been an enduring force shaping cultural identity and political legitimacy in China. Offering a unique, non-Western perspective on the history of heritage in China, Zhu considers who the key players have been in these ongoing processes of reconfigured pasts, what methods they have employed and how these practices have shaped society at large. The book tackles these questions by delving into the transformation of practices related to heritage through examples such as the book collection at Tianyi Private Library, the reproduction of the Orchid Pavilion Preface calligraphy and its associated sites, and the dynamics of exchange within the Liulichang antique market. Zhu reveals how these practices, once reserved for elites, have become accessible to the broader public. These processes of transformation, embodied in various forms of reconfigured pasts, have given rise to modern approaches to preservation, digitisation, museums, and the burgeoning heritage tourism industry.China's Heritage through History will be an invaluable resource for academics, students, and practitioners working in the fields of heritage, museum studies, and art history.

This book seeks to address US public diplomacy strategies in Latin America, of particular importance during the 1960s when the leadership of the United States had been questioned after the Cuban revolution. The implicit mandate was "No more Cubas" so that what happened in the Caribbean country would not spread to other countries. The actions of the United States towards its southern neighbors in the first half of the twentieth century are quite well known. In contrast, Latin American scenarios of the Cultural Cold War have remained relatively less well known. The contributors and editors of this volume examine various facets and means of action used by the "U.S. machinery of persuasion" with the aim of disseminating the virtues of its socioeconomic and political model, including both public and private efforts, and the significance of nonstate actors. Subjects examined include the impact of the theory of modernization, anti-Americanism, the deployment of public diplomacy in the region, the activities of the Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Rockefeller Foundation, and the influence of these efforts on sporting, artistic, and musical events.This volume will be value to students and scholars alike interested in Latin American history and history of the Americas.

This volume examines hotels, inns, restaurants, and travelling on luxurious trains and ships. The volume also explores social rituals, consumer culture, and issues of class and gender as well as the institutions of travelling for health, education, or any other purpose.

This handbook provides innovative and comprehensive coverage of research on the second language acquisition (SLA) of morphosyntax, semantics, and the interface between the two.

This book explores the various ways imperial rule constituted and shaped the cities of Eastern Europe until the First World War in the Tsarist, Habsburg, and Ottoman empires.

This fully updated third edition of Introducing Language and Intercultural Communication provides an accessible, lively introduction for students who are new to the study of intercultural communication, with special attention devoted to the language dimension.Incorporating real-life examples from around the world and drawing on current research, this text argues against cultural stereotyping and instead provides students with a skill-building framework to enhance understanding of the complexities of language use and intercultural communication in diverse settings. Readers will learn to become more attuned to power relations and the ways in which a complex mix of internal and external factors can influence language choice/attitudes, the intercultural communication process, and intercultural relationship building.Features new to this edition include: 'Pause and reflect' boxes and images throughout each chapter that encourage meaning making and connections between theories and practice Dialogues and student accounts of intercultural experience that link theories with real-life applications Discussion questions, journal jumpstarts, and suggested activities at the end of each chapter to engage students and provide a more interactive experience New material that takes account of key social, cultural, and political events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the refugee crisis, the climate emergency, and the rise of populism Updated theoretical constructs that reflect recent developments in this area of study such as criticality and reflexivity in intercultural communication Refreshed references and glossary to enhance understanding of key terms and concepts Revised and updated Instructor Resources including recommended resources on intercultural pedagogy, sample course schedules and assignments, in-depth chapter-specific resources, and a test bank Revised and updated student resources including suggested readings and links to online resources, key terms per chapter, e-flash cards, study quizzes, and a glossary This is the essential textbook for introductory courses in language and intercultural communication within Applied Linguistics and Communication studies.

The Spanish Anarchists and the Russian Revolution, 1917-24 explores the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world's most powerful anarchist movement, the Spanish National Confederation of Labour. The monograph traces the curve of euphoria followed by scepticism that characterized anarchist reactions to the Soviet experiment in 1917-24. This book unearths the interactions between anarchists and Bolsheviks, and assesses their significance for social conflict in Spain and for the foundation of international communism. The Spanish anarchists are a window to examine the global appeal of the Bolsheviks among diverse, non-Marxist militant groups at a time of cross-fertilization for the left internationally. Through the case study of the Spanish anarchists, this book highlights how identification with the victorious Russian Bolsheviks became a rousing device and a political asset at a time of intense social effervescence, when, in the eyes of many, world revolution seemed imminent. However, for heterodox, non-Marxist forces, such as the Spanish anarchists, the Soviet model had to be negotiated and adapted to local conditions and political traditions. This book later traces the ending of this phase of cross-fertilization at a time of defeat and demoralization for the labour movement in Spain and across Europe.

Originally published in 1987 and revised in 2004, Compañeras speaks with the voices of Latina lesbians who are puertorriqueñas, chicanas, cubanas, chilenas, hondureñas, brasileñas, colombianas, argentinas, peruanas, costarricenses, mexicanas, ecuatorianas, bolivianas, dominicanas, and nicaragüenses; women who met to speak about what it implies to be both Latina and lesbian in our communities, whether we live in Latin America or the US.Each time a woman begins to speak, a liberating process begins, one that is unavoidable and has powerful political implications. In these pages we see repeated the process of self-discovery, of affirmation in coming out of the closet, the search for a definition of our identity within the family and our community, the search for answers, for meaning in our personal struggle, and the commitment to a political struggle to end all forms of oppression. The stages of increasing awareness become clear when we begin to recount the story of our lives to someone else, someone who has experienced the same changes. When we write or speak about these changes, we establish our experience as valid and real, we begin to analyze, and that analysis gives us the necessary perspective to place our lives in a context where we know what to do next. Compañeras becomes an instrument of unity, a political tool.Compañeras habla a través de la voz de lesbianas latinoamericanas, chicanas, puertorriqueñas, cubanas, chilenas, hondureñas, brasileñas, colombianas, argentinas, peruanas, costarricense, mexicanas, ecuatorianas, bolivianas, dominicanas, y nicaragüenses; mujeresque se encontraron para hablar sobre lo que significa en nuestra comunidad ser ambas cosas, latinoamericanas y lesbianas, sea que vivamos en América Latina o en los Estados Unidos.Cada vez que una mujer comienza a hablar, comienza el proceso de liberación; es algo inevitable que tiene implicaciones politicas ponderosas. En estas paginas vemos repetido nuestro propio proceso de descubrimiento, la afirmación al asumirnos ante los demás, la búsqueda de una definición de identidad dentro de la familia y de nuestra comunidad, la búsqueda de repuestas significativas a las muchas personales y el compromise en la lucha politica para acabar con toda forma de opresión. Las etapas de crecimiento o de desarrollo de nuestra conciencia se hacen claras cuando comenzamos a reecontar la historia de nuestras vidas en alguien más, alguien que ha experimentado los mismos cambios. Cuando hablamos sobre estos cambios afirmamos nuestra experienca como válida y real, y ese análisis nos da la perspectiva necesaria para colocar neustras vidas dentro de un context que nos permita saber cuál es el próximo paso que temenos que dar. Compañeras viene a ser un instrument de unidad, una herramienta politica.

Based on previously unused primary sources obtained from both sides of the Atlantic, this study provides a more fundamental, consistent, and balanced source-based assessment of the role of the US Peace Corps across its entire existence in Africa.

This book reprints ten papers on contextual elements of the so-called ancient sciences in Islamicate societies between the thirteenth and the seventeenth centuries.

ELT: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to English language teaching for EFL/ESL teachers in training, early career teachers, those considering taking up ELT, and experienced teachers who may want to read about the way the profession has developed and continues to evolve.Key features of this book include: Real classroom data and data from ELT training programmes Discussion of a wide range of learning contexts and different types of learners (young learners, adults, third age, academic, refugees and immigrants, etc.) Comparisons of different types of syllabuses and methods, and discussion of current technologies An emphasis on classroom interaction as the key to maximising learning Featuring a glossary of key terms, cartoons and illustrations, further reading, reflection points, and discussion of the most important and relevant research, this book is a clear and accessible introduction to the complex field of ELT.

First published in 1951 Encyclopaedia of Religion and Religions is the book where in one volume may be found information- clearly written, unbiased, and accurate- on the Founders and great personalities, the theological tenets and philosophical ideas, the rites, ceremonies and practices, the scriptures and creeds, the Churches, and organizations, of all the religions that have played a vital part in the life of the human race. Whenever possible, the articles, which range in length from a paragraph to comprehensive studies of several thousand words, have been submitted for approval by recognized authorities, and this is particularly so in the cases of the Christian Churches and Denominations. But the work is essentially a whole, written by one who has devoted many years to the subject and is a trained encyclopaedist, with an encyclopaedist's dispassionate yet sympathetic and understanding approach to facts that are of immense and perennial importance and interest. This is an essential historical resource for scholars and researchers of religion.

In the third edition of a bestseller, author Deborah Blaz helps you differentiate lessons for your world language students based on their learning styles, interests, prior knowledge, and comfort zones. This practical book uses brain-based teaching strategies to help students of all ability levels thrive in a rigorous differentiated learning environment. Each chapter provides classroom-tested activities and tiered lesson plans to help you teach vocabulary, speaking, listening, reading, and writing in world language classes in ways that are interactive, engaging, and effective for all learners.Features new to this edition include: activities aligned with the latest ACTFL and CEFR standards ideas and activities for project-based learning, virtual learning, and learning with digital tools, such as ChatGPT up-to-date latest guidance on learning styles and using variety in teaching more photocopiable forms, checklists, and handouts for suggested activities You'll also learn how to differentiate assessment effectively to help all students show their full potential. Classroom-ready tools and templates can be downloaded as free support material from our website (www.routledge.com/9781032258287) for immediate use.

History on Film/Film on History has established itself as a classic treatise on the historical film and its role in bringing the past to life. In the fourth edition of this widely acclaimed text, Robert A. Rosenstone argues that to leave history films out of the discussion of the meaning of the past is to ignore a major means of understanding historical events.This book examines what history films convey about the past and how they convey it, demonstrating the need to learn how to read and understand this new visual world and integrating detailed analysis of films such as Schindler's List, Glory, October, and Reds. Advocating for the dramatic feature as a legitimate way of doing history, this edition includes a new Preface and a new chapter that focuses on films produced in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, India, and East Asia.Examining the codes and conventions of how these films tell us about the past and providing guidance on how to effectively analyse films as historical interpretations, this book is an essential introduction to the field for students of history and film.

First published in 1983, A Guide to Twentieth Century Literature in English is a detailed and comprehensive guide containing over 500 entries on individual writers from countries including Africa, Australia, Canada, the Caribbean, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the UK. The book contains substantial articles relating to major novelists, poets, and dramatists of the age, as well as a wealth of information on the work of lesser-known writers and the part they have played in cultural history. It focuses in detail on the character and quality of the literature itself, highlighting what is distinctive in the work of the writers being discussed and providing key biographical and contextual details. A Guide to Twentieth Century Literature in English is ideal for those with an interest in the twentieth century literary scene and the history of literature more broadly.

Global Broadcasting Systems (1996) provides a comprehensive look at broadcasting throughout the world. It discusses how new technology and political, social and economic factors influence the global media, and shows how increasing privatization has changed patterns of control and access.

Telecommunications: A Systems Approach (1976) presents two extended case studies, of public telephone and television systems, describes techniques within practical telecommunications systems, and takes into account users' needs and their economic constraints.