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Resisting State Surveillance in the Digital Age provides an in-depth examination of the complexity and diversity of organised opposition to increasing state surveillance powers in the UK.Taking the introduction of the Investigatory Powers Act as a central case study and combining an analysis of publicly available commentary and campaign materials, with detailed expert interviews, this book provides a comprehensive mapping of organised opposition to state surveillance at a time of heightened debate. It reveals the importance of looking at resistance from a multi-actor perspective, capturing the complex relationships between the actors that oppose state surveillance measures. It traces the varied arguments and knowledge that these groups bring to debates, and the-at times unlikely-coalitions that are formed as a result. The state's mobilization in response, and the strategies designed to defy and diminish the value and knowledge of this opposition are also given much needed scrutiny.This book will be of interest to researchers across the social and political sciences, including sociology, criminology, and socio-legal studies. It will be useful to students studying surveillance and social control or those with an interest in resistance and social movements. Policy professionals and activists may also find its various insights and recommendations useful for future work in this area.

Over the past few years there had been a dramatic increase in the number of women entering the surveying profession. Fewer than five per cent of practising surveyors were women, but women comprised twenty per cent of students. Originally published in 1991, Surveying Sisters explores the question of whether 'more' would mean 'better', either for women surveyors themselves, or for women as consumers of the built environment.Clara Greed investigates the experiences of individual women surveyors, as well as studying the nature of the male majority. Taking a broadly feminist perspective and using an ethnographic approach, she develops a strong theoretical basis, incorporating the gender, class, and spatial dimensions of the situation, centring round the concept that surveying has its own distinct professional subculture. She traces the historical roots of the profession, and its attitudes to women, and makes constructive suggestions for improving the position of women surveying today.This was a highly topical study, at a time when the surveying profession was eager to attract more women in order to allay the effects of declining numbers of school leavers and potential 'manpower' shortages. It will be of interest to people concerned about issues of gender in disciplines such as sociology, management studies, higher education, urban geography, and women's studies, and to the women and men who work in the surveying and other built environment professions.

Appeals are a crucial part of Europe's asylum system, but remain poorly understood. Building on insights and perspectives from legal geography and socio-legal studies, this book shines a light on what takes place during asylum appeals and puts forward suggestions for improving their fairness and accessibility. Drawing on hundreds of ethnographic observations of appeal hearings, as well as research interviews, the authors paint a detailed picture of the limitations of refugee protection available through asylum appeals. Refugee law can appear dependable and reliable in policy documents and legal texts. However, this work offers the unique insight that, in reality, myriad social, political, psychological, linguistic, contextual and economic factors interfere with and frequently confound the protection that refugee law promises during its concrete enactment. Drawing on evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy and the United Kingdom, the book equips readers with a clear sense of the fragility of legal protection for people forced to migrate to Europe. The book will appeal to scholars of migration studies, legal studies, legal geography and the social sciences generally, as well as practitioners in asylum law throughout Europe and beyond.

Women who work as prostitutes are struggling against a disadvantaged position in society. The relative poverty in which many women still live in is seen as the cause for prostitution, in that sex is their most saleable commodity and can bring them substantial financial rewards.Originally published in 1982 and drawing on her involvement with PROS (Programme for Reform of the Law on Soliciting), one of the Street Prostitutes' Campaigns in Britain, and on interviews with prostitutes and their clients, the author examines how the financial benefits are offset by the attitudes prostitutes encounter from men. It is shown that while, in some ways, the role of client reflects men's advantageous social position, male clients are often trying to compensate for failure in their marriage, or an inability to conform to the accepted masculine role. What the clients want and the conditions in which prostitutes work are discussed in separate chapters.Meanwhile, the Law, the media and public opinion unite to protect the public face of morality and to condemn prostitutes as a corrupting influence in society. This study concludes by showing how prostitutes' campaigns are struggling with these issues and relates this to the feminist efforts to improve the conditions in which women exist and work.

This book focuses on the role of popular music in the rise of populism in Europe, centering on the music-related processes of sociocultural normalization and the increasing prevalence of populist discourses in contemporary society. In its innovative combination of approaches drawing from (ethno)musicology, sociology, and political science, as well as media and cultural studies, this book develops a culture-oriented approach to populism. Based on shared research questions, an original theoretical framework and a combination of innovative methodologies that pay attention to the specific socio-historical contexts, taking into account musical material as well as processes of reception, the five chapters in this volume offer detailed analyses of the nexus of popular music and populism in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Sweden. All of these countries have seen a marked increase in populist parties and discourses over the last years, as well as significant interactions between populism and popular music. This book will be essential reading for those investigating popular music as a crucial aspect in the study of populism as a cultural phenomenon in Europe.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Migration explores the practices and attitudes surrounding migration and translation, aiming to redefine these two terms in light of their intersections and connections. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary and transnational perspective, highlighting the broad scope of migration and translation as not only linguistic and geographical phenomena, but also cultural, social, artistic, and psychological processes.The nexus between migration and translation, the central concern of this handbook, challenges limited conceptualisations of identity and belonging, thereby also exposing the limitations of monolingual, monocultural models of nationhood. Through a diverse range of approaches and methodologies, individual chapters investigate specific historical circumstances and illustrate the need for an intersectional approach to the question of language access and language mediation.With its range of approaches and case studies, the volume highlights the inherently political nature of translation and its potential to shape social and cultural inclusion, emphasising the crucial role of language and translation in informing professional practices, institutional policies, educational approaches, and community attitudes towards migration. By bringing together perspectives from both researchers and creative practitioners, this book makes an innovative contribution to ongoing global discussions on linguistic hospitality and diversity, ideal for those pursing postgraduate and doctoral studies in translation studies, linguistics, international studies and cultural studies.

This book asks why justice is important to both individuals and to society as a whole. A number of justice questions are raised to evaluate whether mediation can deliver social, distributive, procedural or substantive justice and fairness.Focusing on a scrutiny of mediation in the context of justice, the book covers social justice and justice issues posed by confidentiality, bias, lack of fairness and Online Dispute Resolution. Discussing whether mediation can truly deliver justice to all, the book identifies areas where this fails, and provides solutions and suggestions to improve it. The dangers of private justice, bias, mandatory mediation and the side lining of the importance of fairness in the resolution of disputes are all considered. In contrast, the positive aspects of mediation are added to the balance.The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of conflict resolution, law, and social science. Readers will also be found among mediators and people interested in justice and the civil justice system.

Lauded as one of the most important poets and playwrights of the 20th Century, Federico Garcia Lorca was also an accomplished theatre director with a clear process and philosophy of how drama should be staged. Directing both his own work and that of others, Lorca was also closely involved in the rehearsals for productions of many of his plays, and from his own writings and those of his collaborators, a determined agenda to stimulate audiences and renovate theatre can be seen.This is the first book in English to fully consider Lorca as a director and his rehearsal methodology. The book combines: - A biographical account of Lorca's work as a director and rehearsal leader, revealing his techniques and methods of approach texts;- An exploration of his key writings on and around theatre, drawing on his talks, play introductions and some of the dramatic works themselves;- The first translation into English of his fragment Dragon;- A detailed discussion of Lorca's key productions, Lope de Vega's Fuente Ovejuna (1933) for La Barraca, and his own Yerma (1934).- Specific focus on the practical applications that we can draw from Lorca's methods, both from what survives of his own work and from the accounts of his close collaborators.As a first step towards critical understanding, and as an initial exploration before going on to further, primary research, Routledge Performance Practitioners offer unbeatable value for today's student.

Understanding and encouraging the development of good leaders is so important that schools of business administration, public administration, public policy, and organizational development teach courses in leadership. Within the public administration literature, scholars have discussed the value of studying outstanding individuals who have been uniquely effective in fulfilling their formal duties, as well as ethical in leading their organizations. Public Service Exemplars is the first book to highlight the decision-making styles of American public servants who serve as models of excellence in public service.While the roles they held, eras in which they served, formal training for the job, personalities, and relative levels of fame differ widely, the figures profiled in this book are united in their strong belief in the efficacy of government service and a willingness to employ innovative methods for accomplishing objectives. Examining three theories of decision-making by effective leaders (autocratic leadership, democratic leadership, and delegative leadership), this book explores the way that unelected leaders working within public agencies--and, in a couple of cases, the United States military--reached decisions that are widely considered to be highly effective. Profiling leaders as diverse as Robert Moses, Frances Perkins, James Webb, Colin Powell, and Anthony Fauci to name a few, Public Service Exemplars questions whether great leadership truly is, as it is often assumed, an elusive, almost indefinable quality. Can it be taught? Are effective leaders born, made, or a combination thereof? This book will be of keen interest to both current and future public service leaders, including students enrolled in public administration and nonprofit management courses.

Atlantic slavery represents one of the blackest pages of human history. European powers not only colonised American lands, but also brought African men and women to work as slaves on plantations. Intellectuals did not remain indifferent to this practice and - from the second half of the eighteenth century - criticised the institution of slavery from an ethical, legal and economic point of view.This book aims to briefly illustrate the colonisation process implemented by France and Great Britain in the Caribbean and to reconstruct the debate on colonialism and slavery that developed in these two countries, approaching the issue from the standpoint of the History of Economic Thought. The decisive phase in this debate took place in the second half of the eighteenth century, when some classical economists belonging to the cultural movement of the Enlightenment, laid the foundations for the critique of a production system based on slavery. On the same basis, some economists of the first half of the nineteenth century continued to express their critical attitude towards slavery and colonialism. The ideas of the Enlightenment, although of European origin, are also useful in analysing the different levels of development that the former American colonies achieved following independence, choosing to invest in either industry or agriculture.The book provides the reader with the critical tools to understand that opting for slavery was not only an unforgivable sin in human history, but also an economically irrational choice.

This study examines theories of postmodern visuality and representation and identifies concepts that resonate with Orthodox theology and iconography.C.A. Tsakiridou frees the Orthodox icon from iconological precepts that limit its aesthetic and expressive range. The book's key argument is that poststructuralist thought is not alien to Orthodox theology and iconography. Dissonance, liminality and ambiguity are essential for conveying the paradoxes of Christian faith and recognizing the hagiopneumatic vitality and openness of the Orthodox tradition. Perichoresis or coinherence, a concept in Patristic theology that defines the relationship between the three persons of the Holy Trinity and the two natures of Christ, acquires a feminine dimension in the person of the Theotokos. Like the ascetical concept of nepsis it has aesthetic implications. Intermedial qualities present in iconography, photography and cinema help explain how icons become hosts to transcendent realities and how their experience in Orthodox liturgy and devotion has anticipated and resolved the postmodern disorientation of visuality and representation.The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, postmodernism, philosophy, theology, religion, and gender studies.

Routledge Handbook of East Asian Translation showcases new research and developments in translation studies within the East Asian context.This Handbook draws attention to the diversity of scholarship on translation in East Asia, and its relevance to a variety of established and emerging fields. It focuses on hitherto less-explored interactions, such as intra-Asian translation encounters, translation of minority languages, and translation between East Asian and non-European languages, while also contributing to a thriving body of historical scholarship on East Asian translation traditions. Contributions reflect a growing awareness of the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity within nations, and the reality of multilingualism and plurilingualism among many communities in East Asia. A wide variety of translatorial practices are discussed, including the creative use of Chinese in Japanese-language novels, the use of translation to evade censorship online, community theatre translation, and translation of picture books. The volume also includes contributions by practitioners, who reflect on their experiences of translation and of developing training programmes for community interpreters.This Handbook will appeal to researchers and students of translation and interpreting studies. Chapters are likely to be of value to those working, not only in East Asian studies, but also disciplines such as literary studies, global cultural studies, and LGBT+ studies.

This book attacks the conventional history of the press as a story of progress; offers a critical defence and history of public service broadcasting; provides a myth-busting account of the internet; a subtle account of the impact of social media and explores key debates about the role and politics of the media.Power Without Responsibility has become a standard book on media and other courses: but it has also gone beyond an academic audience to reach a wider public. Hailed as a book that has 'cracked the canon' by the Times Higher, it has been translated into five languages. In 2019, the text gained the International Communication Fellows' 'classic book' Award. This ninth edition is based on a major overhaul of its content to take account of new developments (such as generative AI) and new scholarship in the field. It also contains a new chapter on the transformed opportunity for a reformed and buccaneering public service broadcasting in the face of automated misinformation and social division: locally, nationally and internationally.This trailblazing text is essential reading for all students and scholars interested in British media and contemporary media and society.

Combining essays and interviews with editors from film and television, this collection explores the business side of editing. Over 30 industry professionals dispel myths about the industry and provide practical advice on the business of film and TV editing. John Rosenberg has brought together contributions from Dody Dorn (Momento), Scott Conrad (Rocky), and Kevin Tent (The Holdovers) Bruce Green (Cool Runnings), Nancy Forner (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), and Yu Jung Hou (American Born Chinese), among others, to provide diverse perspectives on editing a variety of formats from feature films to sitcoms, working with other departments, breaking into the field as an assistant editor. Building on the craft of editing and looking at how aspiring editors can apply this to the industry, readers are taken through the process from getting started in the industry, to progressing through your career and getting ahead as an editor. Readers will also learn about the entrepreneurial expectations in relation to marketing, strategies for contending with the emotional highs and lows of editing, and money management whilst pursuing a career in editing for film and television. Written for undergraduates and graduates studying film and TV editing, as well as aspiring editors, this book provides readers with a wealth of first-hand information that will help them create their own opportunities and pursue a career in film and television.

Racism and African American Mental Health examines the psychological impacts of racism within the African American community and offers a culturally adapted model of cognitive behavior therapy for more culturally relevant case conceptualization and treatment planning with this population. Readers of this text will gain a greater understanding of how manifestations of racism contribute to the development of psychological distress among African Americans and learn specific strategies to address the negative automatic thoughts and maladaptive beliefs that develop in response to racism. Reflection questions and guided practice are incorporated throughout the text to assist readers with application of the strategies discussed in their own clinical settings.

In this updated 2nd edition, esteemed television executive and Harvard lecturer Ken Basin offers a comprehensive overview of the business, financial, and legal structure of the U.S. television industry, as well as its deal-making norms.The Business of Television presents a readable, in-depth introduction to the basic structure and recent history of the television and streaming business, rights and talent negotiations, intellectual property, backend deals, licensing, international production, and much more. This expanded and updated second edition reflects the historic impacts of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic and 2023 WGA and SAG/AFTRA strikes, features brand new chapters about streaming and negotiation, and a greater breadth and depth of technical material about a wide variety of common television deals.Written for working or aspiring creative professionals who want to better understand the entertainment industry -- as well as for executives, agents, managers, and lawyers looking for a reference guide. The book also includes breakdowns after each chapter summarizing deal points and points of negotiation, a significantly expanded glossary, an extensive list of referenced articles and cases, and a wealth of real-world examples to help readers put the material into context.

Literacy and Growth is a unique genealogical study of English teaching in the UK and abroad since the 18th century. Focusing specifically on the concepts of literacy and growth, this book explores key moments in the development of ideas about English teaching. Hodgson and Harris reveal the Enlightenment forebears of such contemporary concepts as "cultural capital" and "critical literacy"; the significance of "growth" to the writers and social critics who opposed Victorian Utilitarianism; and the 20th century influences that established English as a humane study, including the Newbolt Report, the Cambridge Scrutiny group, and the London School of Percival Gurrey and James Britton. The authors examine unpublished Dartmouth Conference papers to reconsider John Dixon's construction of "growth" in his seminal report Growth through English (1967). They reflect on the turbulent aftermath of Dartmouth, the changes in the "growth" model following the cultural turn in English studies, and the politics behind the shift from "English" to "literacy" in the 1990s. Importantly, they redefine the growth model for the 21st century to support teachers and students in the current context of performativity, high stakes assessment, the "knowledge curriculum" and artificial intelligence. Essential reading for tutors and students of English and literacy as well as policymakers in the subject area, this book will engage all those interested in the history and philosophy of English in education. It will be a key resource for those involved in the education and training of English teachers, as well as those undertaking research in English education.

The Routledge Handbook of Childhood Studies and Global Development explores how global development agendas and processes of economic development influence children's lives. It demonstrates that children are not only the frequent targets or objects of development but that they also shape and influence processes of economic, political and sociocultural development.The handbook makes the case for the importance of placing children at the heart of development debates and demonstrates how researchers, policymakers and practitioners can engage children in development. Through reports on field research as well as a critical engagement with theories in development studies and childhood studies, contributors contest normative assumptions about childhood and global development. They tease out and tease apart the complex social, historical, cultural, economic, epidemiological, ecological, geopolitical, and institutional processes transforming what it means to be young in the world today.Showcasing research from both established scholars and early career researchers, and with particular prominence given to the work of authors from the global south, this book will be an essential reference for policymakers, practitioners, and for researchers and students across childhood studies, education, geography, sociology, and global development.

'Situational Analysis' represents Karl Popper's methodological proposal for the social sciences. Although it has been widely studied and interpreted, this book argues that Situational Analysis remains underestimated and undeveloped and, if properly reformulated, it could yet become a broad methodological framework that encompasses both the 'historical' social sciences and a large section of the 'theoretical' social sciences.The first part of the book develops this idea by returning to Popper's texts. The book calls for both a reformulation of Situational Analysis and a clarification of the status and role of Popper's 'Rationality Principle'. The book also develops Situational Analysis by addressing two aspects of the Problem-Situation facing individual actors that are only sketched out in Popper's work: institutions and expectations. The second part of the book utilises the reformulated version of Situational Analysis to shed light on the core methodological differences across some of the most widespread approaches in contemporary economics and sociology. In particular, by showing that many of these approaches are variants of the reformulated version of Situational Analysis presented in the first part of the book, the book argues that apparent methodological differences across these approaches may be reinterpreted as differences in the way social scientists reconstruct the Problem-Situation facing individual actors.This book will be vital reading for academic economists, sociologists, philosophers of science and other social scientists interested in methodology.

Edward MacDowell's European Piano Music is a critical study of the piano music that MacDowell composed during his European sojourn (1876-1888), steeped in reception history and with a special emphasis of programmaticism.The book expands current knowledge of MacDowell's childhood in four chapters based on his previously uninvestigated sheet music collection, thereby achieving a better balance among the stages of MacDowell's life than is evident in most books of the life-and-works variety. Prolific contemporaneous music criticism, meticulously preserved in MacDowell's scrapbooks, is likewise undervalued in the MacDowell literature, but it furnishes penetrating observations about the expressive and programmatic content of numerous compositions, especially as it was revealed to critics when MacDowell performed his own works. Lastly, the book offers explanations for why MacDowell immersed himself in European culture for decades and then, at a crucial juncture in his career, embraced diverse American heritages and worked toward a conception of a pluralistic music that was American "in a creative sense." The book's content and methodology would appeal most directly to specialists within the broad fields of musicology and music theory, particularly within American art music and its composers; nineteenth century music; program music; reception history; and piano literature.

This new and revised edition of Christian-Jewish Relations 1000-1300 expands its survey of medieval Christian-Jewish relations in England, Spain, France and Germany with new material on canon law, biblical exegesis, and Christian-Jewish polemics, along with an updated Further Reading section.Anna Sapir Abulafia's balanced yet humane account analyses the theological, socio-economic and political services Jews were required to render to medieval Christendom. The nature of Jewish service varied greatly as Christian rulers struggled to reconcile the desire to profit from the presence of Jewish men and women in their lands with conflicting theological notions about Judaism. Jews meanwhile had to deal with the many competing authorities and interests in the localities in which they lived; their continued presence hinged on a fine balance between theology and pragmatism. The book examines the impact of the Crusades on Christian-Jewish relations and analyses how anti-Jewish libels were used to define relations. Making adept use of both Latin and Hebrew sources, Abulafia draws on liturgical and exegetical material, and narrative, polemical and legal sources, to give a vivid and accurate sense of how Christians interacted with Jews and Jews with Christians.

A Concise History of the Middle East provides a comprehensive introduction to the history of this region. Spanning from the pre-Islamic era to the present, it explores the evolution of Middle Eastern institutions and culture, the influence of European colonialism and Western imperialism, regional modernization efforts, the struggle of various peoples for political independence, the Arab-Israel conflict, the reassertion of Islamist values and power, the issues surrounding the Palestinian Question, and the Middle East following 9/11, the 2011 Arab uprisings, and the regional crisis that erupted after October 7, 2023.The thirteenth edition has been fully revised to reflect the most recent events in, and concerns of, the region, including its future in the face of climate change and challenges in Iraq, and developments in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In addition, the important role of Middle Eastern women in the history of the region is woven into the narrative. New parts and part timelines will help students grasp and contextualize the long and complicated history of the region.With updated biographical sketches and new concluding chapters, this book remains the quintessential text for students of Middle East history.

This book examines intercultural business communication issues and practices from a global and interdisciplinary perspective with an Asian focus, which is essential to any contemporary study on business communication. It broadens reader's understanding of language, culture, and international business and equips them with intercultural business communication tools.The authors incorporate frameworks from business, management, and communication disciplines. Divided into three parts: the first focuses on developing theoretical frameworks for language, culture, and international business streams, and the second addresses link-pin communication theories and practices. Link pin is the bilingual communicators standing between primary communicators and relaying messages back and forth in an interactive communication process. The book concludes with revisiting and integrating universal theories to move toward global situational theories meeting this ever-changing intercultural environment. Approaching business communication from the individual, organizational, and industry levels, the book's integrated conceptual framework allows readers to progress to more advanced business communication concepts in a staged way. Readers will gain an appreciation of the underlying theories of business communication and practical guidelines to apply the frameworks to meet their own commercial needs.An essential guide for practitioners and researchers in today's global business environment. It also benefits students with majors in intercultural business communication and international business.

Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, and commentaries.Global Englishes, Fourth Edition has been fully revised and updated and provides an introduction to the subject that is both accessible and comprehensive.Key features of this best-selling textbook include: - coverage of the major historical, linguistic, and sociopolitical developments in the English language from the start of the seventeenth century to the present day;- exploration of the current debates in global Englishes, relating to its uses as a post-colonial language in Asia and Africa, a mother tongue in the US, UK and Antipodes, and lingua franca across the globe, with a strong emphasis on China;- new material on Latin America, English as a lingua franca, and English medium instruction- a range of texts, data and examples drawn from emails, tweets and newspapers;- readings from key scholars including Alastair Pennycook, Henry Widdowson and Lesley Milroy;- updated online support material providing additional materials that are closely linked to each unit of the book.Global Englishes, Fourth Edition provides a dynamic and engaging introduction to this fascinating topic and is essential reading for all students studying global Englishes more broadly, English as a lingua franca specifically, and the factors involved in the spread of English in the world today.

Now in its fourth edition, this highly successful global history of the twentieth century is written by four prominent international historians for first-year undergraduate level and upward.Using their thematic and regional expertise, the authors have produced an authoritative yet accessible and seamless account of the history of international relations in the last century, covering events in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas. They focus on the history of relations between states and on the broad ideological, economic, and cultural forces that have influenced the evolution of international politics over the last 120 years. The fourth edition is thoroughly updated to take account of the most recent research and global developments, including: new material on the impact of the Trump administration on international politics, the rise of China under the leadership of Xi Jinping, and the origins of the wars in Ukraine and Gaza.The book is supported by a fully revised companion website including links to further resources and self-testing material, which can be found at www.routledgelearning.com/internationalhistory20c.

The Routledge Companion to Autoethnography and Self-Reflexivity in Music Studies represents a substantial contribution to the field of writing self-reflexively about an individual's practice within music studies. In six sections, 34 original chapters by a diverse set of contributors consider writing about personal activities from the points of view of performance, composition, musicology, and pedagogy, drawing on a range of traditions from Western art-music to popular music to ethnomusicology. A robust critical framework is presented, with coverage of: - Historical and critical perspectives - different methodologies and their ascendancy within the academy - leading debates, issues and approaches - future directions. The Companion cultivates new modes of engagement in music research, enabling scholars and practitioners at all levels to identify and articulate their relationship to the wider sociocultural contexts in which they operate.

Growing Green Infrastructure in Contemporary Asian Cities examines to what extent green infrastructure (GI) is being implemented in East and South-East Asian cities and reflects upon the integration of contemporary approaches to landscape planning alongside traditional forms of green space design and cultural understandings of the landscape in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea. Working from a multi-locational perspective, the book illustrates how political, socio-cultural, economic, and ecological factors influence the delivery of GI and the consequences of these decisions. The book provides a set of best practice recommendations for the design, development, and management of greener urban areas. This book both explains how GI is being utilised in East and South-East Asia to address climate change, promote economic prosperity, and support the development of more liveable places, and identifies future trends in its use. It is a key resource for any practitioners, students, and academics working in landscape planning and green infrastructure in an Asian context.

The Performance of Viking Identity in Museums explores the representations and uses of Vikings in museums across Iceland, England and Norway.Drawing on theories from history, philosophy, museology, and sociology, the book analyses how the Viking myth is used by visitors to make sense of present-day society, culture, and politics and the role of museums in this meaning-making process. Demonstrating that the Viking myth is present in collective memory and plays an important role in the construction and modification of collective, national, and personal identities, the book analyses this process through the framework of museums and their visitors. Identifying museums as places where heritage, identity and social norms are affirmed and reflected upon, Whitehead demonstrates that all countries use their Viking heritage to define their identity on a local and international level - through tourist attractions such as museums and other Viking-related monuments and merchandise.Providing readers with an insight into Vikings and their social relevance today, The Performance of Viking Identity in Museums will be of great interest to academics and researchers across the social and human sciences. It should also be essential reading for museum professionals working in museums around the world.

This book explores the question "Why is the US Navy in the South China Sea at all?" It traces the history of diplomatic, economic, and military tensions among the People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, outlining the origins of the United States-Vietnam relationship during the immediate post-World War II period, the turmoil of the Vietnam War during which China supported North Vietnam against a US-backed South Vietnam and the decision of the US government to open relations with China beginning in 1972. It shows how from 1945-1975 the US government used its relations with Vietnam to exert diplomatic, economic, and military pressure on China to open negotiations leading to full recognition and further discusses the surprising action of the US Navy in 1974 to allow the Chinese Navy to take the Paracel Islands by force, thereby denying control over these islands to a united Vietnam closely allied with the Soviet Union, which was the common enemy of both China and the USA. Overall, the book demonstrates how the presence of the US Navy in the South China Sea is a crucial element in much wider, global US strategy.

Originally published in 1971, this book uses the famous Tinbergen/Theil approach to the theory of economic policy, demonstrating the place of fiscal policy in a realistic policy context. The volume marries analytical developments in macroeconomics to the influence on the economy of the system of public finance. Attention is given to the problem co-ordinating fiscal policy with other policy instruments, notably monetary policy. A final chapter discusses the problems encountered in applying fiscal policy models to real situations.