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Originally published in 1969, this book assesses the origin and nature of the 20th Century trend towards military intervention in the politics of African states. It begins by examining the natures of African armies and their inheritance from the colonial period. It scrutinizes the Nigerian and Ghana coups of 1966 and aspects of the East African mutinies in 1964 as well as events in certain French territories including Gabon and Dahomey. The effect of foreign military aid on the role of the armed forces in Africa is analysed, including the subtle influence of overseas military experience. The problems facing army officers when they seize the reins of government are examined along with the difficulties which they encounter when attempting to reinstitute civilian rule. Throughout the book the qualities which enable armies to intervene in politics are reviewed and related to those of the other institutions of African society.

Originally published in 1959, the blurb read: 'Dr Berg has made a comprehensive survey of the Wolfenden Report in regard to homosexuality and illustrated his comments with extracts from case material. He points out that whereas public opinion has so far lagged behind the Committee's main recommendation, scientifically far from being an advance the report may be considered lamentably reactionary. He says; "Perhaps this report is a good lesson in the futility of trying to unravel and assess psychological phenomena without first removing the obstacles to understanding their meaning". The author deals with the subject in his usual forthright, witty and persuasive style, which is easily enjoyed by psychiatrist and layman alike, and the book should be welcomed by all who seek to understand this controversial topic.Later chapters include a discussion of the wider implications of punishment and a new theory of the fundamental nature of Anxiety and Fear.' Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context. This book is a re-issue originally published in 1959. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this re-publication.

Philosopher, sociologist and urban theorist, Henri Lefebvre (1901-1991) was one of the great social theorists of the twentieth century and pioneered the theorization of everyday life and space.In this fascinating book, which became a manifesto for urban activism upon its first publication in the 1960s, Lefebvre poses a major question: what gives a society undergoing constant change the illusion of stability? For Lefebvre, the answer is that our everyday lives are the product of decisions from which we are alienated, resulting in what he memorably describes as 'terror-enforced passivity'. Modern capitalism produces and controls the space around us: the buildings we work in, the roads we drive on and even the parks surrounding us are artificial and controlled, isolating the individual in a life of repetition. Lefebvre rejects such a world of control and monotony, urging instead a spontaneous, utopian creativity, in which human beings can engage in meaningful work and leisure. Profound and prophetic for its insights into the impact of capitalism and urbanization, Everyday Life in the Modern World remains a classic work by a towering thinker and essential reading today.This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Claire Revol and Rob Shields.

First published in 1994 Stirring It debates the challenges which confront feminism and Women's Studies in the 1990s. In the face of current worldwide political and social upheavals, Stirring It poses questions about women, their bodies, their identities, and positions which need to be addressed by contemporary feminists. The chapters therefore challenge the orthodoxies and theories which are exploded by contemporary feminist practice. They raise new issues for feminist debate. The volume is divided into four sections: 'Feminist Politics in Action' investigates the inter-relationship between politics and action with reference to issues such as the women's movement in Britain and women's position in and in relation to Ireland; 'Disrupting Sexual Identities' provides critiques of heterosexuality, monogamy, and conceptualization of the female body; 'Imaging and Imagining' explores the politics of women's cultural production and 'Women's Studies and Feminist Practice' analyzes the often fraught connections between theory and practice. This is a must read for scholars and researchers of Women's Studies, Sociology, and Gender Studies.

Containing ideas and perspectives, this monograph examines the evolutionary and future considerations for diversity in aging.

First Published in 1988. This is a collection of the Proceedings of a course held at the International School of Medical Sciences Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, Italy 5-13 September 1986.

In 1986, after the disastrous accident at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act. Under this act, many business facilities became subject to new reporting requirements with respect to the presence of hazardous substances. Hadden, an associate professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, conducted surveys relating to this act.

First published in 1930, The Art of Study is addressed to all who are old enough and young enough to regard the winning of knowledge as fine art. Like other arts, it can be helped by science. The book discusses reasons for the success and failure of different individuals, not omitting intelligence, stupidity, and laziness. It asks whether the memory can be trained. It contrasts the art forms of the lesson, the lecture, and the talk. It gives suggestions for increasing the student's concentration upon work, for taking notes, and for using them afterwards. While urging the importance of hard work, it helps the student to discover parts of his tasks in which such effort will be effective.

In the early 1970s many social scientists and critics noted the emergence of a new elite based in the "Knowledge Industry" and pitted against the old business-based middle class both politically and culturally. Because of its close ties to academia and the media, this New Class was conceived by both its critics and its proponents to be in an advantageous position to influence the rest of society. The Hidden Technocrats attempts to delineate the features of the New Class phenomenon and map its structural location in contemporary American and Western European societies.In exploring the major themes of the assumed New Class culture in five coun-tries-the United States, Britain, Holland, West Germany, and Italy-the authors come up with some surprising results. Where earlier discussions had posited protracted opposition between the left-of-center new elite and the right-of-center old elite, much of the evidence and analysis presented here points toward a symbiosis in the making, a new constellation of values and behavior patterns that combine both traits of the old bourgeois culture and social attitudes clearly identified with the New Class.In mapping out a strategically important change in the political ideology and s'ocial psychology of contemporary capitalism in America and Europe, the authors raise essential questions about whether such a "new capitalism" will favor or diminish the international competitiveness of the economies in which it has come to the fore. This stimulating and wide-ranging volume at the cutting edge of analysis will be of interest to sociologists, economists, and organizational analysts.

This interdisciplinary collection examines the role that alcohol, tobacco and other drugs have played in framing certain groups and spaces as 'dangerous' and in influencing the nature of formal responses to the perceived threat. Taking a historical and cross-national perspective, it explores how such groups and spaces are defined and bounded as well as the processes by which they come to be seen as 'risky'. It discusses how issues of perceived danger highlight questions of control and the management of behaviours, people and environments, and it pays attention to the way in which sanctions and regulations have been implemented in a variety of often inconsistent ways that frequently impact differently on different sections of the population.Bringing together a range of case studies drawn from different countries and across different periods of time, the chapters collected here illustrate issues of marginalisation, stigmatisation, human rights and social expectations. It is of interest to a diverse audience of historians, philosophers, human geographers, anthropologists, sociologists and criminologists interested in substance use and misuse, deviance, risk and power among other topics.

"Aging Public Policy: Bonding the Generations" is presented in three parts. Part One describes the policy process as a response to human needs through the laws of our country. Part Two explores the national policy development on behalf of older persons. Part Three describes the major public policies on behalf of the elderly that include Social Security, Medicare, The Older Americans Act, institutional care, employment and retirement policies. The final chapter discusses the advocacy process in the field of aging.

The Routledge Companion to Smart Cities explores the question of what it means for a city to be 'smart', raises some of the tensions emerging in smart city developments and considers the implications for future ways of inhabiting and understanding the urban condition. The volume draws together a critical and cross-disciplinary overview of the emerging topic of smart cities and explores it from a range of theoretical and empirical viewpoints.This timely book brings together key thinkers and projects from a wide range of fields and perspectives into one volume to provide a valuable resource that would enable the reader to take their own critical position within the topic. To situate the topic of the smart city for the reader and establish key concepts, the volume sets out the various interpretations and aspects of what constitutes and defines smart cities. It investigates and considers the range of factors that shape the characteristics of smart cities and draws together different disciplinary perspectives. The consideration of what shapes the smart city is explored through discussing three broad 'parts' - issues of governance, the nature of urban development and how visions are realised - and includes chapters that draw on empirical studies to frame the discussion with an understanding not just of the nature of the smart city but also how it is studied, understood and reflected upon.The Companion will appeal to academics and advanced undergraduates and postgraduates from across many disciplines including Urban Studies, Geography, Urban Planning, Sociology and Architecture, by providing state of the art reviews of key themes by leading scholars in the field, arranged under clearly themed sections.

Gorbachev: The Man and the System portrays Gorbachev's rise to power and his tenure in office against the background of a period of critical change and development in the Soviet system. The research is primarily based on Soviet materials, supplemented and critically compared with a wide range of Western press and academic studies. Both Zemtsov and Farrar bring to the analysis their own experiences, acquired under different circumstances.Part I focuses on a selected chronology of significant events from Gorbachev's assumption of power in March 1985 to June 1987. The authors examine leadership and personnel changes, the economy, the society, and the arts. Part II takes a look at foreign policies by examining: relations with the United States and the industrialized West; arms control policy; relations with Eastern Europe; relations with the People's Republic of China; and relations with the third world. Part III explores Gorbachev's military policies. Part IV concludes with the authors' assessment of the future. Included in this book are appendices on: changes in the Council of Ministers, Ministers, and Chairmen of State Committees; Politburo and central committee meetings since Gorbachev became General Secretary, through June 1987; and announced changes in the Diplomatic Corps and Foreign Ministry as reported in the Soviet press. The hardcover edition of this book was published in Gorbachev's early years. It thus represents an early assessment, and as such a document of events at the time they occurred. Renewed interest in communism, and in the dissolution of the Soviet Union make this paperback edition timely.

Analyzes Asian perspectives on human rights in terms of cultural traditions, grassroots and regional organizations, and economic constraints on the expression of rights. The book asks: are human rights western in their inception, are they universal or do they differ by region and culture.

First published in 1985, Prospects for Recovery in the British Economy examines the origins of the economic downturn of the early 1980s. The book explores the causes of the decrease in industrial production and employment during the early 1980s and considers the longer-term cyclical problems of the British economy. In doing so, it provides a detailed study on downturn and recovery from a variety of perspectives. Topics covered include the role of the financial markets; the decline in profitability and productivity in the manufacturing industry; and, the social implications of long-term trends. Prospects for Recovery in the British Economy is ideal for those with an interest in the history of the British economy and the history of economic thought.

This annual series, published in co-operation with the Women in International Development Program at Michigan State University, uses a multidisciplinary approach to explore women's experiences across a wide range of geographical areas, economic sectors, and societal institutions. The articles presented in each volume synthesize a growing body of literature on key issues, suggest priorities for research, and propose changes in development policy and programming. Each volume is divided into three major sections. In the first, contributors distill and interpret research in review articles; in the second - a trend report - they provide original analysis of existing data sets; and in the final section, they analyze a specific research concern from varying perspectives.

This edited volume explores how indigenous knowledges and practices can be instrumental in improving literacy outcomes and teacher development practices in Ethiopia, aiding children's long-term reading, and learning outcomes.The chapters present research from a collaborative project between Ethiopia and Norway and demonstrate how students can be supported to think pragmatically, learn critically and be in possession of the citizenship skills necessary to thrive in a multilingual world. The authors celebrate multilingualism and bring indigenous traditions such as oracy, storytelling, folktales to the fore revealing their positive impact on educational attainment. Addressing issues of language diversity and systematic ignorance of indigenous literacy practices, the book plays a necessary role in introducing Ethiopia's cultural heritage to the West and, hence, bridges the cultural gaps between the global north and global south.Arguably contributing one of the first publications on early literacy in Ethiopian languages, this book will appeal to scholars, researchers and postgraduate students studying the fields of early years literacy and language, indigenous knowledge and applied linguistics more broadly.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Super series are a set of workbooks to accompany the flexible learning programme specifically designed and developed by the Institute of Leadership & Management (ILM) to support their Level 3 Certificate in First Line Management. The learning content is also closely aligned to the Level 3 S/NVQ in Management. The series consists of 35 workbooks. Each book will map on to a course unit (35 books/units).

Why Place Matters reassesses and challenges what is known and traditionally understood about the relationship older adults have with place over time and in later stages of life. Building from notions that affirm there is no single "right" place to age or grow older, Joyce Weil underscores older persons' agency in thinking about place and uncovers the ways in which feelings about place may be paradoxical, may change and evolve over time, and will always be subject to other variables - large and small - that add complexity and nuance to how older adults derive and also attach meaning to their surroundings. Even in the presence of a rich literature and ongoing body of research on older adults and their relationships to place, this book critically defines, reframes, and measures this relationship in an effort to represent the relationship more fully and authentically. Voices and the experiences of older adults are shared throughout, enlivening the book's analysis and expressing in real ways how the interaction of person and place is fluid and just as dependent on personal and individual circumstances as it is on societal and structural ones. Combining first-hand accounts and innovative analysis, this book unpacks and expands the meanings ascribed to place in later life and ponders why, and to whom, place matters. Readers across the fields of gerontology, sociology, geography, planning, and health and social care will all find a fresh and invaluable perspective through which to think about place and aging.

This edited collection aims to provide relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the area of business management. It covers case studies provided by teachers visiting the University of Economics in Katowice, Poland, within Erasmus and CEEPUS Programmes. Over 12 years, approximately 25 teachers have been coming year by year to Katowice, presenting their monographic lectures and participating in seminars on their research results and educational achievements. This book contains descriptions of case studies, elaborated by Erasmus and CEEPUS teachers, illustrating that the case study is a method of research as well as a method applied in education and emphasizing the value of qualitative methods by example of case studies. The key benefit of qualitative research is that it allows a researcher to perceive and understand context within which decisions and actions take place. Hence, to understand peoples' motivations, their reasons, their actions, and the context for their beliefs and actions, qualitative research is the best route. Assuming that business organizations as well as individuals are entirely linked together via the Internet, a new approach to business communication and marketing, business modelling and management are developed to reveal an increase of business synergy effects, the alignment of information and communication technologies (ICT) and business and social value creation, as well as sustainability and environment protection. Through this book, readers have an opportunity to learn about relevance and rigor in qualitative research and how the case study can be applied in various organizational contexts.

Approximately one million innocent Indonesians were killed by their fellow nationals, neighbours and kin at the height of an anti-communist campaign in the mid-1960s. This book investigates the profound political consequences of these mass killings in Indonesia upon public life, highlighting the historical specificities of the violence and comparable incidents of identity politics in more recent times. Mixing theory with empirically based analysis, the book examines how the spectre of communism and the trauma experienced in the latter half of the 1960s remain critical in understanding the dynamics of terror, coercion and consent today. Heryanto challenges the general belief that the periodic anti-communist witch-hunts of recent Indonesian history are largely a political tool used by a powerful military elite and authoritarian government. Despite the profound importance of the 1965-6 events it remains one of most difficult and sensitive topics for public discussion in Indonesia today. State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia is one of the first books to fully discuss the mass killings, shedding new light on a largely unspoken and unknown part of Indonesia's history.

This completely revised and updated new edition assesses the achievements, performance, and responses of major Global South institutions to global change and shows how and why such arrangements are critical in the South's efforts to call the international community's attention to their concerns. With new content on the BRICS, OPEC, UNASUR, The African Union and the G20 the book explores the impact of the rise of a multipolar world, new global south institutions, the norms of south-south cooperation, and the Global South's use of institutionalism as a form of soft power. Particular attention is also paid to China's to Belt and Road Initiative. The book will be essential reading to students and scholars in the fields of in international organization, international politics, foreign policy, international development, and global south public policies

Delinquency is one of those social problem areas that calls upon the contributions of many different disciplines. A wide variety of social, psychological, economic, and political forces interact in the organization and operation of agencies of delinquency prevention and control as well as in the lives of delinquents. As a result, research on delinquency is exceedingly complex. To understand what is required to understand delinquency, it is necessary to grasp all of its facets, and the contributions of each of the forces contributing to delinquency as they relate to one another. Measures to prevent and control delinquency constitute a system of organizations, facilities, and practices with a great deal of inherent conflict. Some agencies even perceive themselves as being able to operate successfully without regard to the work of other agencies. From the standpoint of the delinquent, a total system is in operation, and the delinquent's experience reflects all the conflict and lack of clarity that such a complex system encompasses. To understand the delinquent's experience, it is essential to explore the joint effects of the various agencies that deal with him. The comparative study of the organization and operations of similar agencies in different jurisdictions greatly enhances the accuracy with which the crucial questions and variables that affect delinquency can be identified. This study by Stanton Wheeler and his associates about the handling of juvenile offenders in two different police departments continues to provide a striking contribution to understanding delinquency.

This volume explores culture-bound syndromes, defined as a pattern of symptoms (mental, physical, and/or relational) experienced only by members of a specific cultural group and recognized as a disorder by members of those groups, and their coverage in popular culture.

In her comprehensive guide, Better Book Clubs: Deepening Comprehension and Elevating Conversation, literacy coach and staff developer Sara Kugler shows you how to combine the power of book clubs with assessment-driven instruction to support your students as they talk and think about texts together. Using authentic book club conversations as an assessment of academic talk and text understanding, Kugler raises the bar on typical professional discussions about book clubs, moving beyond teacher-directed interactions and surface-level conversations to include: Structures, teaching methods, and routines that support authenticity and independence in book clubs Suggestions for starting, scaffolding, and sustaining effective, student-centered book clubs Tips for listening in on clubs as a way to assess academic talk and text understanding Methods for moving from observation into instruction that improves conversation and comprehension Touchstone anchor charts and sample lessons for launching and maintaining strong clubs at a variety of independence levels With a dual focus on stronger comprehension and improved conversations, Better Book Clubs will help you establish effective book clubs that will engage your readers, enhance your learning communities, and become an indispensable component of your literacy classroom.

Originally planned as a brief final volume in the Collected Works, The Symbolic Life has become the most ample volume in the edition, and one of unusual interest. It contains some 160 items spanning sixty years; they include forewords, replies to questionnaires, encyclopedia articles, occasional addresses, and letters on technical subjects.Collection of this material relied on three chief circumstances. After Jung returned from active medical practice, he gave more of his time to writing, and some sixty papers as well as books were written after 1950. Second, recent research has brought to light a number of reviews, reports and articles from the early years of Jung's career. Finally, Jung's files yielded several finished or virtually finished papers that survived in manuscript.Volume 18 includes three longer works: 'The Tavistock Lectures' (1936); 'Symbols and the Interpretation of Dreams' (1961); and 'The Symbolic Life', the transcript of a seminar given in London in 1939.

This book offers a detailed exploration of the role social media plays in our daily lives and across a variety of contexts, from social networking sites, messaging applications, and enterprise communication platforms, to virtual reality.Offering readers an introduction to the uses, effects, and central debates surrounding the subject of social media, this text is organized into three sections, each with a distinct focus. Part I provides an overview of social media, defining it through communication characteristics and exploring both theoretical and practical approaches to understanding it; Part II examines the impact of social media on individual users, including its effects on expression, health, and relationship management; and Part III investigates the wider social implications of social media, including its impact on politics, entertainment, marketing, and information consumption. Featuring key contemporary case studies and learner-centered exercises throughout, this book offers a rich and engaging look at the most pertinent issues of the social media era on both an individual and societal level.This is an essential text for students of digital media, communication, journalism, and beyond, as well as a useful resource for researchers and industry professionals interested in exploring the social and psychological effects of social media.

This book considers the work of the preeminent scholar on decoloniality, Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni, as a means of examining the development of decoloniality discourse and considering the future direction of the African knowledge economy.Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni has been instrumental in the construction of theories and ideas necessary for advancing a decolonial system of education and epistemology. This book considers how Professor Ndlovu-Gatsheni's work has helped to shape our thinking both on Mugabe and the history of Zimbabwe, and beyond to the broader questions of race, liberation, higher education, and the future of decolonial studies. Renowned author Professor Toyin Falola then invites us to consider the dangers of continued repression of African epistemologies, and the enormous benefits of an alternative knowledge economy in which a diverse multiplicity of ideas drives our understanding of the world on to new heights.Unpacking the various conceptual leanings of decoloniality through the works of one of its leading lights, this book will be an essential read for researchers across the fields of African Studies, Race Studies, Philosophy, and Education.

First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

In the 1980s the relationship between alcohol and aggression and violence was a controversial one. Much of previous thinking had been based on anecdotal evidence. In contrast this book, originally published in 1986, is based upon recent scientific evidence from a broad range of studies from animal experimentation to clinical and social research. The initial chapters describe what aggression is, in terms of theories of animal behaviour, how alcohol influences neural and endocrine functions and behaviour and how problematic it often is to extrapolate from animal research to humans. Later chapters give critical reviews of attempts to relate alcohol intake to violence and crime.The book represents a major synthesis of work from many disciplines and will interest workers in animal behaviour, alcohol studies, psychopharmacology and social psychology.