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Freedom in the World is an institutional effort by Freedom House to monitor the progress and decline of political rights and civil liberties in 192 nations and 17 related and disputed territories. These year-end reviews of freedom began in 1955, when they were called the Balance Sheet of Freedom and, still later, the Annual Survey of the Progress of Freedom. This program was expanded in the early 1970s, and has been issued in a more developed context as a yearbook since 1978.Since 1989, this distinguished Survey project has been a year long effort produced by regional experts, consultants, and human rights specialists. It derives its information from a wide range of authoritative sources. Most valued of these are the many human rights activists, journalists, editors, and political figures who keep the world informed of the human rights situation in their own countries. Throughout the year, Freedom House personnel regularly conduct fact-finding missions to gain in-depth knowledge of the vast political transformations affecting our world, . These investigations make every effort to include meetings with a cross-sectionof political parties and associations, human rights monitors, religious figures, representatives of both the private sector and trade union movement, academics, and journalists. Freedom in the World is now the standard reference work for measuring progress, or the lack there of, in the process of regime democratization and political maturity. Adrian Karatnycky is the president of Freedom House. Aili Piano is a senior researcher at Freedom House. This year's survey team includes: Martin Edwin Andersen, Gordon Bardos, Michael Goldfarb, Charles Graybow, Kristen Guida, Karin Deutsch Karlekar, Edward R. McMahon, Aili Piano, Arch Puddington, Amanda Schnetzer, Cindy Shiner, Leonard R. Sussman, and Kendra Zaharescu.

Teachers of technical writing are frequently handicapped by a lack of material to back up discussions in the classroom and in textbooks. This title helps to overcome this weakness.

The widely held view of the Asian Financial Crisis is that it had no substantial impact on China. In fact, the country was far more vulnerable than most people realized, due to the high possibility of financial contagion entering the system from Hong Kong through Guangdong province. This book analyzes the severe policy challenge that it presented for China's leaders. The crisis in Guangdong's financial institutions provided a forewarning of the difficulties that lay ahead as China's integration with the global financial system deepened. The experience of Guangdong in the Asian Financial Crisis provided a profound lesson for China's policy-makers as they planned the country's strategy for financial reform in the following years. China was able to avoid disaster by astute and difficult policy choices, in the face of fierce pressure from outside the country, as well as from different domestic interests at many different levels. The successful resolution of the crisis provided a breathing space for the leadership. It gave it time to undertake necessary reforms in the country's financial system in the decade that followed the crisis.

Banking and finance play a fundamental role in public policy and economic performance as well as in all forms of commerce and industry. They are crucial in determining whether society - from governments to individual consumers - succeeds in following an environmentally sustainable path. However, those working in the financial sector are largely unaware of the rationale and pressures for sustainable development and its bearing on their work, while those in the relevant research and policy areas commonly overlook how vital the financial sector is for progress. Marcel Jeucken sets out to rectify this state of affairs, in a style which is accessible to those with no experience of environmental finance issues. He provides a comprehensive account of their interdependence: why the financial sector is crucial to achieving sustainability and why the triple bottom line of commercial, environmental and social success points the way forward for banking. From a systematic assessment of major banks around the world, he presents a comprehensive account of current best practice, an analysis of the differences in approach and performance, and recommendations of actions and policies for improved performance that will contribute to sustainable development.

Sorokin and Civilization is a festschrift to Pitirim Sorokin, one of the most famed figures of twentieth-century sociology and first president of the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations (ISCSC). He was a giant of the twentieth-century stage in the larger world as well. He debated with Trotsky, exchanged ideas with Pavlov, and received a personal invitation to meet with President Masaryk of Czechoslovakia. His principled dissent from sociological orthodoxy frequently anticipated that of Charles Wright Mills, Alfred McClung Lee, and Alexander Solzhenitsyn. He was, to paraphrase Joseph Ford, a scholar among statesmen and a statesman among scholars.The volume is divided into four parts: "A Life Remembered"; "Sorokin as Gadfly"; "Sorokin's Methodology"; and, "Applying Sorokin's Theories." Contributors and chapters to this volume include: "Sorokin's Life and Work" by Barry V. Johnston; "The Sorokin-Merton Correspondence on Puritanism, Pietism, and Science" by Robert K. Merton; "Sorokin and American Sociology: The Dynamics of a Moral Career in Science" by Lawrence T. Nichols; "Sorokin as Dialectician" by Robert C. Hanson; "Applying Sorokin's Typology" by Michel P. Richard; and "Transitions, Revolutions, and Wars" by William Eckhardt. Sorokin and Civilization will appeal to all those with an interest in cultural and historical processes and the life and theories of Sorokin.

Originally published in 1971, Homes in High Flats was written at a time when multi-storey flats were a popular solution to the world-wide need for mass housing because they could be produced with speed. However, the social implications of domestic housing in high flats were causing local authorities in Western Europe to reconsider their efficiency. Original research into this question forms the basis of this book which concentrates on Glasgow but gives attention to other examples both in Britain and abroad.The text attempts to encompass all the social and practical aspects of life in high flats by studying tenants' views on the physical character of the flats and estates, and by examining the success of tenants' associations and extra-mural classes designed to develop community life. Practical problems are dealt with in chapters on facilities and services, families, children, the elderly and the case for investment in staff. The authors also compare multi-storey flats with other types of household and discuss the reasons for tenants' movement out of the estate. Perhaps the most eloquent social comment on the shortcomings of high flat life is expressed in the lyrics of the Jeely Piece Song which is included in the Appendix.

First published in 1968, Problem Solving Interviews explores different elements relating to conversations concerned with finding a solution to a particular problem. The book begins first by examining the role of the problem-solving interviewer, before exploring in detail what an interview is. It looks at the significance of different attitudes in shaping behaviour and highlights the importance of considering the attitudes of both the interviewer and the respondent. This leads on to a consideration of bias, including where it comes from, how it can affect the interview, and whether its impact can be eliminated or reduced. The book also covers carrying out and learning how to interview, and includes close analysis of three example interviews.

What makes a good teacher? In 1991, Hartmut von Hentig attempted to answer this when he first formulated a 'Socratic oath' for the profession, and it is a question which remains relevant today. In The Socratic Oath for Teachers, Klaus Zierer revisits and reframes the concept of a teacher's oath while also addressing challenges currently facing our societal developments in recent didactic-methodological research and fresh perspectives on the goals of the teaching profession. Referencing Socrates throughout, this short think piece proposes a professional oath for teachers that at its core is fully committed to the successful education and well-being of students.Drawing upon key research and his own experiences within education, Zierer answers the following questions, establishing how a professional oath may support teachers: What is a professional oath, and what can it do? What characterises teacher professionalism? What can be understood by teacher attitudes? Why are they crucial for a successful professional oath? Why is Socrates suitable as a guarantor for a professional oath of teachers? Why is a renewal of the Socratic Oath necessary? For whom is an oath necessary, and what must it contain? In this fascinating work, Klaus Zierer explores the principles and goals of the teaching profession and formulates theoretically sound and empirically validated principles of successful teaching. This is an essential read for any teacher, senior leader, policy maker, educationalist, or researcher who wants to learn more about what makes a good teacher.

Rethinking Problem-based Learning for the Digital Age provides grounded, evidence-based strategies for teaching faculty, academic developers, and educational technologists who are changing their problem-based learning modules and programmes from face-to-face to online. Given today's rapid advancements in learning and curriculum development specific to online and blended modes, there is considerable potential to introduce new forms of problem-based learning in higher education. This book applies fundamental and cutting-edge research, including original scholarship by the authors, toward innovative PBL practices and realistic tasks that can be brought to life through digital environments, teamwork, and resources. Whether recontextualizing PBL practices for newly online/blended instruction or seeking fresh PBL approaches for existing digital education environments across disciplines, readers will be guided to construct active, highly motivating, learner-centered experiences using simulations, games, virtual reality, multimedia, and other complex innovations.

First published in 2000, Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychopathy was highly topical in tackling the interface of applied philosophy and psychiatry at a time when government and clinicians were giving careful consideration to new forms of treatment for people with psychopathic disorder.The book brings together contributions from lawyers, philosophers, psychiatrists and clinical managers to explore the inter-related conceptual and political implications of Psychopathy.Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychopathy will appeal to those with an interest in the history and development of theories and research relating to philosophy and psychiatry.

Psychotherapy is an increasingly stressful profession. Yet therapists spend most of their time helping clients deal with their stress, not caring for their own. This book is designed as a tool for the experienced counselor, junior therapist, and graduate student, as the issues confronted and discussed herein are relevant to anyone in the field, regardless of experience or expertise. Dr. Weiss has written a book in an easy, conversational tone, filled with concrete examples and blending research findings, clinical experience and theoretical approaches into practical suggestions and sound advice. The book is divided into three parts, discussing therapist concerns and questions that are continually raised, and providing practical tools based on clinical experience and research findings. It will be useful to all mental health professionals who have felt the strain of their practice.

This book develops "organizing eating" as an organizational-communication centered framework for understanding how communication and power combine to actively shape eating and working in the U.S. food system.Drawing together established scholars, the book sheds light on how the interconnected aspects of power are communicative in nature, shaping and constraining the possibilities for organizing across the food system. The chapters provide grounded insight into the role of racism, corporate and state power, food cooperatives, urban farm systems, food policy, and labor practices, drawing attention to the pathways needed to pursue more equitable food systems. Providing readers with a set of useful critical conceptual tools and an understanding of communication frameworks, chapters identify common principles for critical organizing within the food movement and addresses the relevance of the COVID-19 pandemic and the national uprising against anti-Black violence for understanding the urgent possibilities of food justice.This cohesive collection of cutting-edge scholarship will be of interest to organizational communication scholars, critical/cultural communication scholars, environmental communication scholars, and health communication scholars; and the interdisciplinary fields of environmental studies, agriculture and food studies, and organization and labor studies.

Traditionally, there has been a long and sustained interest in studying the history of economic ideas in France. Interest appeared to wane after World War II, but in recent decades, there has been a marked renaissance of interest and research in the contributions of French-speaking authors. Drawing on the flow of recent research, this book presents a new assessment of the history of political economy in France incorporating both novel presentations of some traditional subjects and topics that are not usually studied.This first volume deals with the history of political economy in France in the Age of Enlightenment. After presenting a kind of "review of the troops" and some main developments inherited from preceding centuries, the chapters are devoted to P. de Boisguilbert's foundation of liberal political economy; J. Law's monetary theory and policy; the many strands of "commerce politique"; the theoretical developments of F. Quesnay and the physiocratic movement; and A.-R.-J. Turgot's, J.-J.-L. Graslin's and M.-J.-A.-N. Caritat de Condorcet's sensationist political economy. The volume then examines some political critiques of liberal political economy and goes on with a study of the first attempts to quantify economic variables and to formalise the economic discourse. It concludes with a chapter on the importance of translations into French of books published abroad, and with the main institutional and theoretical developments which happened during the French Revolution.A History of Economic Thought in France will be invaluable reading for advanced students and researchers of the history of economic thought, political economy, intellectual history and French history.

The novelist Joseph Conrad expressed a great truth when he said: "The mind of man is capable of anything--because everything is in it, all the past as well as the future," Our evolutionary history of noble acts and foul deeds, leading to survival and reproduction, guarantees that we understand the most essential facets of our physical and social environment. The nature of our struggles--our lusts, our fears, our objectivity, our irra-tionality--lies embedded in our cellular DNA and the neurons of our mind, there to play itself out much like it did in the past and much like it will in the future. Many have seen the links between our minds and the universe, the common thread of our existence and the inevitability of our loves and hates. This book includes many demonstrations that our nature has been on the minds and lips of many--poets, play-wrights, philosophers, historians, novelists, kings, slaves, religious leaders, and the great-est of knaves. From Ralph Waldo Emerson to Arthur Schopenhauer, from Aldous Huxley to Arthur Conan Doyle, from Aristotle to William Shakespeare, the truths about our-selves have come tumbling out. Reflecting on their thoughts we see ourselves. The universal nature of our being reflects our common origins and our bittersweet destiny. In A Sociobiology Compendium, Del Thiessen mines the richness of biological inves-tigations of human behavior, comparing current views of human behavior with expres-sions by non-scientists who have, in one way or another, touched the evolutionary strings of men and women. He begins each section with a brief account of biological notions of human behavior. The book shows in astonishing ways how the earlier thoughts of men and women from all cultures anticipate the biological observations about our being. A Sociobiology Compendium will be engaging reading for all psychologists, sociologists, and biologists.

Unlocking the Nature of Human Aggression is a neuropsychoanalytic and scientific exploration of aggression and argues for its central role in psychopathology and the genesis of individual symptoms, as well as in broader systemic conflicts and violence. Adrian Perkel creates a unique theoretical approach to the various manifestations we encounter of individual, group, and geo-political aggression and destructiveness. Based on psychoanalytic investigations of this dynamic and Freud's incomplete exploration of this human drive, this book seeks to understand the science of aggression that Freud himself suggested would be possible with time and scientific development. Perkel investigates the commonplace inversion of the perpetrator and victim narratives, navigating through the complexity of how the aggressive drive, often driven by feelings aimed at homeostatic regulation, upends any objective view of who the perception of perpetrator and victim is. He includes his own personal experiences of South African Apartheid, as well as historical and contemporary data such as speeches from historical figures during times of war, including the Second World War and the Ukrainian/Russian conflict. Offering a fresh and innovative insight into the nature of this paradoxical drive in humans, this book integrates the psychology, psychodynamics and neuroscience of modern research into a coherent exposition of this key aspect of psychic functioning in humans.It is an essential read for analysts in practice and training, psychologists and other mental health professionals and students looking for a modernised theoretical model of the destructive and aggressive drive of the psyche to facilitate better interventions for individual and couple patients, and for interventions at systemic and organisational levels.

This insightful volume offers an overview of the fundamentals of lesson student practice in US teacher education as well as examples from math and science teacher educators using lesson study in their local contexts.The number of teacher educators using lesson study with preservice teachers is small but growing. This book is aimed at teacher educators who may want to try lesson study in university contexts without the challenge of translating the practice from the K-12 context on their own. In this volume, lesson study is broadly overviewed, attention is given to its constituent steps, and examples of lesson study in preservice contexts are shared. Given the broad array of teacher education program designs, numerous contingencies guide teacher educators in their implementation of lesson study, given their contextual affordances and limitations. The lesson study descriptions and cases in this book will support teacher educators and scholars across subject specialities and geographic lines, as they seek instructional frameworks to advance their pedagogical goals.

First published in 1995, Communication and Learning Revisited focuses on the importance and benefits of group dialogue in cooperative learning. The book explores the use of group dialogue among students across a variety of disciplines and demonstrates how collaboration helps them to understand different concepts. It outlines cognitive and social strategies that can enhance collaboration and presents collaborative talk's role in learning, setting forth a theoretical framework that draws upon the ideas of writers such as Vygotsky and Bakhtin. Communication and Learning Revisited will appeal to those with an interest in teaching methods, classroom dialogue, and cooperative learning.

Originally published in 1965, and reissued here with a new foreword, this study, as far as was known, was the first attempt in this country to look at the problems of the families of prisoners on a national scale. It took over three years and is based upon a survey of a representative national sample of prisoners and their dependants, together with an intensive longitudinal study of a smaller sample. The survey attempts to portray objectively the conditions of life for the families of a wide range of men in prison at the time, and covers stars, recidivists, and civil prisoners. Too often in prison work, the family is thought of as some external appendage, remote and irrelevant to the process of treatment and training, rather than as a continuous influence upon the man in custody, and the report aimed to correct this impression. The primary object of this research was to elicit facts upon which penologists and administrators might base future policies. There are three principal issues upon which specific recommendations are made: (1) the financial provision for prisoners' families, (2) the improvement of social casework in prisons, and (3) the improvement of facilities for contact between the prisoner and his family.In a field in which there was much distress and concern, this study at last offered a real insight into the facts and definite suggestions for progress.

Originally published in 1987, this book presents a novel approach to the study of competition between immigrant groups and native minorities (teenagers, women, and black men) in low-wage labor markets.

The drug trade is a growth industry in most major American cities, fueling devastated inner-city economies with revenues in excess of $100 billion. In this timely volume, Sam Staley provides a detailed, in-depth analysis of the consequences of current drug policies, focusing on the relationship between public policy and urban economic development and on how the drug economy has become thoroughly entwined in the urban economy. The black market in illegal drugs undermines essential institutions necessary for promoting long-term economic growth, including respect for civil liberties, private property, and nonviolent conflict resolution. Staley argues that America's cities can be revitalized only through a major restructuring of the urban economy that does not rely on drug trafficking as a primary source of employment and income-the inadvertent outcome of current prohibitionist policy. Thus comprehensive decriminalization of the major drugs (marijuana, cocaine, and heroin) is an important first step toward addressing the economic and social needs of depressed inner cities. Staley demonstrates how decriminalization would refocus public policy on the human dimension of drug abuse and addiction, acknowledge that the cities face severe development problems that promote underground economic activity, and reconstitute drug policy on principles consistent with limited government as embodied in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Designed to cross disciplinary boundaries, Staley's provocative analysis will be essential reading for urban policymakers, sociologists, economists, criminologists, and drug-treatment specialists.

First Published in 1990. How we perceive and respond to the visual image has been a traditional concern of psychologists, philosophers and art historians. Today, where the visual image increasingly permeates our everyday life and consciousness, the question becomes ever more relevant. How do we, for instance, instinctively 'know' what it is that a picture represents without having to be taught? How is it that we experience (aesthetic) pleasure in looking at certain pictures? How is it that we often want to talk about the pictures we look at? Such questions are currently asked by a wide range of disciplines, including: semiotics, psychoanalysis, anthropology, neuropsychology, and in general, contemporary critical analysis of the visual arts. In A Transformational Theory of Aesthetics, Michael Stephan breaks new ground by linking the findings of these areas. Drawing on their common area of knowledge, he has developed a radically new theory of picture perception and aesthetic response, arguing that images can generate in us a complex pattern of mental changes, or transformations. This is because the left and right hemispheres of the brain do not always work in harmony, hence the wide-ranging nature of aesthetic response to distinct art forms. A Transformational Theory of Aesthetics is essential reading to those seriously involved in linking the arts and cognitive sciences.

Bringing into play a lifetime of sociological analysis, Harry Bredemeier here explores fundamental issues in epistemology and ethics--and how social research has altered traditional views on such major subjects as the play of physical force in social life, the distinction between the physical and moral universe, risk taking and life making, rights and obligations--in short the most basic questions posed for our times by the sociological tradition.Bredemeier takes sharp issue with postmodern indictments of the Enlightenment movement of the early eighteenth century: that the Enlightenment was a cover for Western cultural imperialistic destruction of other cultures; that its glorification of reason undermined morality and paved the way for fascism and irrationality; or that it perpetuated a willful indifference to ecological concerns and to women's rights. The author clarifies all those issues and shows how reason, properly understood, transcends polemics that currently obfuscate appeals to experience.Experience vs. Understanding covers a wide range of topics. Among them are the need for interpretation of experiences; responsibility for consequences of one's choices; the danger in not thinking beyond immediate perceptions; all human activities are governed by cultural rules; individual virtues such as intelligence or courage are not sufficient to evaluate actions; and the issues of national foreign policy parallel those of each person's policy towards other people's. Experience vs. Understanding is a unique study that will be enjoyed by and beneficial to philosophers, sociologists, and political theorists, who are searching for the philosophical foundations of social science.

The black ghetto is a byproduct of American social policy. It came into being within policies that were adopted - deliberately or inadvertently - and will persist, in the absence of drastic changes in policy. This book searches out the policy-making processes that have created the ghetto and that maintain it.

This book studies Indonesian and Philippine English-language printed media outlets to examine how regional public opinions of China and China-made vaccines progressed amid the coronavirus pandemic. By quantifying the presence of certain words, themes, and concepts within the qualitative, textual data of news articles from the most prominent English newspapers in Indonesia (i.e. The Jakarta Post) and the Philippines (i.e. The Philippine Daily Inquirer), the book investigates the trajectories of the regional narratives on Chinese vaccines, Beijing, and China. Through this same methodology, the book also explores indications of the degree of soft power exerted by Beijing through such media outlets in both Indonesia and the Philippines. Analysing how Sino-Southeast Asian relations changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, this book will be a valuable resource to students and scholars of international relations, media studies, and Asian politics.

The Mobile Course Design Journey provides practical strategies to college and university educators and faculty support professionals looking to develop accessible mobile learning experiences. Given the near-ubiquity of mobile device ownership today, creating courses that can be completed entirely on a mobile device is essential to captivating student attention and supporting equity-minded pedagogy. This book frames effective mobile design within a continuum in which educators can make gradual yet meaningful changes to their instruction and course content while leveraging learners' existing tools and literacies. Original, ready-to-use features such as a rubric for evaluating the mobile-friendliness of course content and assignments as well as a toolkit for leading workshops on mobile design will further help to demystify mobile learning in higher education.

Holographic Reprocessing for Healing Trauma, Abuse, and Maltreatment facilitates constructive reorganization of the perception of trauma which in turn, modifies associated emotional and behavioral tendencies that render people stuck in repetitive cycling of trauma. These patterns are called experiential holograms. This book outlines a step-by-step process to 1) identify experiential holograms, 2) consider context to holistically reappraise meaning, and 3) reprocess using an imagery-based procedure of visiting one's younger self to offer a healing message. This novel approach is integrative, easily tailored to individual needs, and well-grounded in theory. It can be applied to healing from a variety of traumatic experiences including moral injury, medical, interpersonal, and military traumas. Numerous outcome studies support a growing evidence-base for the efficacy of this treatment, and this is an indispensable guide for trauma clinicians.

Materials for Learning (1981) examines the ability of books and broadcasts to change lives. The combination of print, radio, television and group meetings - distance teaching - can transform education in developing countries. Effective distance teaching requires effective teaching materials, and up to now there has been a lack of guidance about how to produce such materials and how to do so for different cultures. Materials for Learning aims to supply this need by suggesting guidelines for action and, where evidence is mixed or lacking, defining questions that still require answers. It is a practical book aimed at people actively involved in nonformal education and will be particularly useful for the developing world educators. The book looks first at how distance teaching can help with educational problems, considers how adults learn, and surveys problems of language and culture. It then considers the planning of distance teaching and looks in detail at the use of different media. There were also chapters on teaching numeracy and science at a distance, and a discussion of the kind of support that can be provided for people studying at a distance.

This book provides group therapists and counselors with the necessary knowledge and help to develop their skills in effectively conducting online groups.Group therapy represents the most efficient utilization of the scarce resource of mental health interventions. Online settings dramatically increase the dissemination of this approach. This book identifies the diverse challenges and suggests solutions in remote group therapy for specific therapeutic approaches such as psychodynamic, relational, psychodrama, CBT, ACT, and group supervision. The contributing authors explore specific issues that anyone who conducts groups online should be aware of.Using a group therapy lens, this book develops further the ideas and areas explored in the authors' previous books Theory and Practice of Online Therapy and Advances in Online Therapy.

Grad programs in education teach you theory and pedagogy, but where do you learn the logistics of your new teaching role? In this unique book, Amber Chandler comes to the rescue as your friendly but honest mentor. She provides answers on everything new teachers need to know but are afraid to ask, such as how to build knowledge about the school's culture, nurture relationships with colleagues and superiors, use social media appropriately, navigate various faculty and parent meetings, handle conflicts, and more. Unlike new teacher books focused on instruction, this one helps you with everyday logistics and teacher life. Each chapter is written in a conversational tone with loads of practical advice to support you in your first year. Each chapter also contains a Mentoring Moments reflection section, so you can discuss the book with your school mentor or in new-teacher induction programs.

Understanding Signed Languages provides a broad and accessible introduction to the science of language with evidence drawn from signed languages around the world. Readers will learn about language through a unique set of signed language studies that will surprise them with the diversity of ways human languages achieve the same functional goals of communication. Designed for students with no prior knowledge of signed languages or linguistics, this book features: A comprehensive introduction to the sub-fields of linguistics including sociolinguistics, linguistic structure, language change, language acquisition and bilingualism Examples from more than 50 of the world's signed languages and a brief "Language in Community" snapshot in each chapter highlighting one signed language and the researchers who are documenting it Opportunities to reflect on how language ideologies have shaped scientific inquiry and contributed to linguistic bias Review and discussion questions, useful websites, and pointers to additional readings and resources at the end of each chapter Understanding Signed Languages provides instructors with a primary or secondary text to enliven the discourse in introductory classes in linguistics, interpreting, deaf education, disability studies, cognitive science, human diversity, and communication sciences and disorders. Students will develop an appreciation for the language-specific and universal characteristics of signed languages and the global communities in which they emerge.