Böcker utgivna av River Publishers

This book on electronic skin takes into account not only sensing materials, but it also provides a thorough assessment of the current state of the art at system level. The book addresses embedded electronics and tactile data processing and decoding, techniques for low power embedded computing, and the communication interface.

This book focuses on the implications of digitalization for the domain of work. The book studies the changing nature of work as well as new forms of digitally enabled organizations, work practices and cooperation. The book sheds light on the technological, economic, and political forces shaping the new world of work.

This book addresses issues related to the analysis of human factors in the design and evaluation of intelligent vehicles for a wide spectrum of applications and over different dimensions. Authors cover autonomous vehicles, the frameworks for analyzing automation, modelling and methods for road users' interaction such as intelligent user interfaces.

Provides an overview of the Internet of Things - covering new ideas, concepts, research and innovation to enable the development of IoT technologies in a global context. Coverage includes research, technological innovation, validation, and deployment.

Control systems are pervasive in our lives. Our homes have environmental controls. The appliances we use at home, such as the washing machine, microwave, etc. have embedded controllers. We fly in airplanes and drive automobiles, which make extensive use of control systems. The increasing automation in the past few decades has increased our reliance on control systems.A First Course in Control System Design discusses control systems design from a model-based perspective as applicable to single-input single-output systems. The emphasis in this book is on understanding and applying the techniques that enable the design of effective control systems. The book covers the time-domain and the frequency-domain design methods, as well as the design of continuous-time and discrete-time systems.Technical topics discussed in the book include: Modeling of physical systemsAnalysis of transfer function and state variable modelsControl system design via root locus Control system design in the state-spaceControl design of sampled-data systemsCompensator design via frequency response modification

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things are facing tremendous advances both in terms of energy-efficiency as well as in the number of available applications. Consequently, there are challenges that need to be tackled for the future generation of WSNs. After giving an overview of the WSN protocols and IEEE 802.15.4 standard, this book proposes IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer performance enhancements by employing not only RTS/CTS combined with packet concatenation but also scheduled channel poling (MC-SCP). Results have shown that the use of the RTS/CTS mechanism improves channel efficiency by decreasing the deferral time before transmitting a data packet. Furthermore, the Sensor Block Acknowledgment MAC (SBACK-MAC) protocol enables more efficiency as it allows the aggregation of several acknowledgement responses in one special Block Acknowledgment (BACK) Response packet. The throughput and delay performance have been mathematically derived under both ideal conditions (a channel environment with no transmission errors) and non-ideal conditions (with transmission errors). Simulation results successfully validate the proposed analytical models. This research reveals the importance of an appropriate design for the MAC sub-layer protocol for the desired WSN application. Depending on the mission of the WSN application, different protocols are required. Therefore, the overall performance of a WSN application certainly depends on the development and application of suitable e.g., MAC, network layer protocols.

The book addresses the current demand for a scientific approach to advanced wireless technology and its future developments, including the current move from 4G to 5G wireless systems (2020), and the future to 6G wireless systems (2030). It gives a presentation of both antennas and the adaptive signal processing.

This book focuses on established cardiovascular principles and highlights some of the progress achieved by recent research in the cardiovascular field. The authors report the basic concepts related to the functioning of the cardiovascular system necessary for medical students to understand. To foster learning, in each chapter the fundamental points are highlighted in italics and/or bold. In addition, we have added boxes that contain some more detailed information about physiological mechanisms or clinical aspects are analyzed and described in greater detail. The book describes the structure and function of the heart and vascular system for the reader to understand how the cardiovascular system responds in both health and disease. The book conveys a unified vision of the function of the heart and the vascular system, explaining the complexity of the system that goes far beyond the integrated connection between preload, afterload and cardiac contractility. The endothelium covers the internal part of the whole cardiovascular system; therefore, endothelial physiology is treated in several chapters. Given the importance of coronary circulation in cardiac pathophysiology, this special circulation is described in detail and enriched with the most up-to-date information. Several paragraphs and boxes on clinical implications are dedicated to the principles of electrophysiology and the electrocardiogram. A space is also dedicated to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotective procedures. The book is written in a linear and simple language without compromising the scientific rigor of the various topics covered.

Big Data is a concept of major relevance in today's world, sometimes highlighted as a key asset for productivity growth, innovation, and customer relationship, whose popularity has increased considerably during the last years. Areas like smart cities, manufacturing, retail, finance, software development, environment, digital media, among others, can benefit from the collection, storage, processing, and analysis of Big Data, leveraging unprecedented data-driven workflows and considerably improved decision-making processes.The concept of a Big Data Warehouse (BDW) is emerging as either an augmentation or a replacement of the traditional Data Warehouse (DW), a concept that has a long history as one of the most valuable enterprise data assets. Nevertheless, research in Big Data Warehousing is still in its infancy, lacking an integrated and validated approach for designing and implementing both the logical layer (data models, data flows, and interoperability between components) and the physical layer (technological infrastructure) of these complex systems. This book addresses models and methods for designing and implementing Big Data Systems to support mixed and complex decision processes, giving special attention to BDWs as a way of efficiently storing and processing batch or streaming data for structured or semi-structured analytical problems.

In dealing with the IUCN, one must bear in mind that there never has been, and undoubtedly never will be, any other organization even remotely resembling it. Its peculiarities, subtleties and complexities are sometimes mind-boggling (Nicholson 1990 in Holdgate 1999: ix). Green Web-II investigates IUCN's role in global biodiversity conservation policy as well as in national program development in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. It explores how nature protection priorities and approaches are promoted or addressed by IUCN, an international organization, and how environment conservation policies are created and maintained in states with different capacities of South Asia. It also evaluates IUCN's competency in bio-diversity, climate change, nature conservation and environmental policy formulation at global, regional and country level. This study is the first detailed scholarly study on the IUCN as an organization as well as on its efforts in biodiversity conservation. This book adds to our knowledge, firstly by contributing to a small but growing body of work on the sociology of international organizations. IOs, especially International Governmental Organizations (IGOs), have long been the subject of mostly political science. Secondly, it applies a fuller sociological imagination to the study of IOs by critically exploring one of the largest and most active nature conservation organizations in the world. Thirdly, it also explores how the IUCN actually goes about building protectoral programs with individual member nations. Additionally, the book explores the recent development of the green economy (GE) concepts into IUCN's program planning today. The green economy initiative applies a people-first approach. Although the concept is relatively new, this research explores the theoretical development of a green economy and illustrates how this theory is applied in IUCN's program planning to program implementation.

Cyber immune systems try to mimic the adaptive immune system of humans and animals because of its capability to detect and fend off new, unseen pathogens. Today's current cyber security systems provide an effective defense mechanism against known cyber-attacks but are not so good when it comes to defending against unknown attacks. This book describes the possible development and organization of self-healing computing based on cyber immunity techniques and aimed at working in the new realm of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is the trend towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes which include cyber-physical systems (CPS), the internet of things (IoT), industrial internet of things (IIOT), cloud computing, cognitive computing and artificial intelligence. The book describes the author's research and development of cyber-immunity systems that will prevent the destruction of critical information infrastructure by future unknown cyber-attacks and thus avoid the significant or catastrophic consequences of such attacks.The book is designed for undergraduate and post-graduate students, for engineers in related fields as well as managers of corporate and state structures, chief information officers (CIO), chief information security officers (CISO), architects, and research engineers in the field of cybersecurity.This book contains four chapters1. Cyber Immunity Concept of the Industry 4.0; 2. Mathematical Framework for Immune Protection of Industry 4.0; 3. Trends and prospects of the development of Immune Protection of Industry 4.0; 4. From detecting cyber-attacks to self-healing Industry 4.0;

The trend in design and manufacturing of very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is towards smaller devices on increasing wafer dimensions. VLSI is the inter-disciplinary science of the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI design can reduce the area of the circuit, making it less expensive and requiring less power.The book gives an understanding of the underlying principles of the subject. It not only focuses on circuit design process obeying VLSI rules but also on technological aspects of prototyping and fabrication. All the clocking processes, interconnects, and circuits of CMOS are explained in this book in an understandable format. The book provides contents on VLSI Physical Design Automation, Design of VLSI Devices and also its Impact on Physical Design.The book is intended as a reference book for senior undergraduate, first-year post graduate students, researchers as well as academicians in VLSI design, electronics & electrical engineering, and materials science. The basics and applications of VLSI design from STA, PDA and VLSI Testing along with FPGA based Prototyping are covered in a comprehensive manner.The latest technology used in VLSI design is discussed along with the available tools for FPGA prototyping as well as ASIC design. Each unit contains technical questions with solutions at the end.Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Static Timing Analysis* CMOS Layout and Design rules* Physical Design Automation* Testing of VLSI Circuits* Software tools for Frontend and Backend design.

The current cutting-edge VLSI circuit design technologies provide end-users with many applications, increased processing power and improved cost effectiveness. This trend is accelerating, with significant implications on future VLSI and systems design. VLSI design engineers are always in demand for front-end and back-end design applications.The book aims to give future and current VSLI design engineers a robust understanding of the underlying principles of the subject. It not only focuses on circuit design processes obeying VLSI rules but also on technological aspects of fabrication. The Hardware Description Language (HDL) Verilog is explained along with its modelling style. The book also covers CMOS design from the digital systems level to the circuit level. The book clearly explains fundamental principles and is a guide to good design practices.The book is intended as a reference book for senior undergraduate, first-year post graduate students, researchers as well as academicians in VLSI design, electronics & electrical engineering and materials science. The basics and applications of VLSI design from digital system design to IC fabrication and FPGA Prototyping are each covered in a comprehensive manner. At the end of each unit is a section with technical questions including solutions which will serve as an excellent teaching aid to all readers.Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Digital System Design* Design flow for IC fabrication and FPGA based prototyping * Verilog HDL* IC Fabrication Technology* CMOS VLSI Design* Miscellaneous (It covers basics of Electronics, and Reconfigurable computing, PLDs, Latest technology etc.).

Over recent years industries have faced the problem of how to connect devices to 'speak' to each other with minimum wiring. Philips Semiconductors faced this problem when they needed to connect many ICs together. The Automotive Industry faced the same problem when it needed to connect tens of microcontrollers in each car. Recently, with smart homes, the problem has started to be part of each home. For instance, you may want to build your smart home with accessories from different manufacturers and you want the devices to 'speak' to each other. Added to that, you may want to control them from a central App or voice assist.Solutions for this problem started with the introduction of Inter Integrated Circuits (IIC) and Controller Area Networks (CAN). Both solutions are wired networks that allow ICs and microcontrollers to be connected in a network to communicate together.In smart home automation, a number of common smart home automation protocols that allow different devices to speak and communicate together have appeared during the last few decades. Some of the smart home protocols come under the umbrella of what is called the "e;Internet of Things (IoT)"e;. The proposed protocols can be grouped into wired networks e.g. X10, UPB; wireless or radio networks as ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth; or dual (wired and radio) such as Insteon.This book introduces to the reader some of the most popular Microcontroller and Smart home networks. The book covers in detail the following protocols:* I2C* I3C* CAN* ZigBee* ZigBee Pro* Z-Wave* BluetoothWi-Fi, WiMax and Insteon are part of our companion book "e;Serial Communication Protocols and Standards"e;.This book gives detailed comparisons between the various protocols. To complete the knowledge of the reader, the book gives in the last chapter a short summary on the protocols that we did not fully cover in this volume: Ethernet, Thread, Insteon, X10 and UPB.

Data communication standards are comprised of two components: The "e;protocol"e; and "e;Signal/data/port specifications for the devices involved"e;. The protocol describes the format of the message and the meaning of each part of the message. To connect any device to the bus, an external device must be used as an interface which will put the message in a form which fulfills all the electrical specifications of the port. These specifications are called the "e;Standard"e;. The most famous such serial communication standard is the RS-232.In IT technology, Communication can be serial or parallel. Serial communication is used for transmitting data over long distances. It is much cheaper to run the single core cable needed for serial communication over a long distance than the multicore cables that would be needed for parallel communication. It is the same in wireless communication: Serial communication needs one channel while parallel needs multichannel. Serial Communication can also be classified in many other ways, for example synchronous and asynchronous; it can also be classified as simplex, duplex and half duplex.Because of the wide spread of serial communication from home automation to sensor and controller networks, there is a need for a very large number of serial communication standards and protocols. These have been developed over recent decades and range from the simple to the highly complicated. This large number of protocols was necessary to guarantee the optimum performance for the targeted applications. It is important for communication engineers to have enough knowledge to match the right protocol and standard with the right application. The main aim of this book is to provide the reader with that knowledgeThe book also provides the reader with detailed information about:- Serial Communication- Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)- Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART - Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) - eSPI- Universal Serial Bus (USB)- Wi-Fi- WiMax- InsteonThe details of each technology including specification, operation, security related matters, and many other topics are covered.The book allocates three chapters to the main communication standards. These chapters cover everything related to the most famous standard RS-232 and all its variants. Other protocols such as: I2C, CAN, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth, and others, are the subject of the authors separate book "e;Microcontroller and Smart Home Networks"e;.

Getting the Climate Science Facts Right - discusses climate change science with reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Addressing climate change is the most important public priority of the 21st Century. Unlike many issues, however, this issue is being driven by both science and its interface with politics. The main institution for bridging this division between science and international politics is the IPCC. As such it is the main source of the facts from which climate change policy is developed. This book describes the ways in which the IPCC arrives at these facts and so can be sure they are complete and evidence based.Seldom in history has science had such a direct relationship with politics. The negotiation of an international policy regime requires, at its outset, an agreement on the facts. In this case, the facts are scientific, complex and contentious. Governments have recognized this and have, by using the IPCC, set up institutional machinery to provide facts from a source and in a manner that they can accept.The way in which the IPCC functions is unique in that it melds the way in which science achieves consensus with the way governments do at the international level. Starting with a process to examine, review and debate scientific findings leading to a consensus about scientific fact, usually expressed as probabilities that the findings will hold over time, the IPCC then concludes by using the kind of consensus-development mechanism that the United Nations typically uses to achieve agreements leading to the formation of policy regimes.The book examines the structure of the IPCC, its composition and its procedures in order to achieve an understanding of its role and future.

In a world where great efforts are spent designing and creating more complex, yet efficient systems, sensing elements and related readout circuits, which constitute an integral part of them, need to be designed fulfilling these constraints, beside the common key parameters, such as high sensitivity, resolution and accuracy. Capacitive sensors and their differential subset provide virtually no energy dissipation, show insensitivity to temperature variations and have the capability to be micromachined directly onto a silicon substrate, together with the readout interface. Designing a readout circuit that takes advantage of these benefits, according to any specific application, is thus of utmost importance. This volume introduces the reader to state-of-the-art techniques and research achievements in interfacing differential capacitance sensors.Technical topics discussed in the book include: Switched capacitor based interfaces; Voltage mode, differential capacitance to time, voltage, digital converters; Current mode interfaces based on standard components; Current mode interfaces based on CCIIs and VCIIs; Principles of second generation current and voltage conveyors.This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview on the working principles, equivalent circuit models and most advanced interfacing techniques for differential capacitive transducers, highlighting benefits and downsides of each option. Electronic interfaces for differential capacitive sensors is an ideal text for academic staff and Masters/research students in electronic and microelectronic engineering.

A considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance, analysis and evaluation of amplification schemes and filters to be used in control systems, audio/video equipment, instrumentation and communication systems.This book is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Linear Amplification, but also as a professional book, for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the electronics, control, and communications areas.The book is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with amplification theory. The book presents essential concepts in plain language and covers the most important applications of amplifier circuits. The book has four appendices, an appendix to detail the operational amplifier model, an appendix with specification data sheets, an appendix on Fourier transform and signal spectrum, including the concepts of convolution, autocorrelation and power spectral density, for deterministic signals, and a final one that presents and explains the usual electronics acronyms.

Provides a comprehensive update of the latest scientific research, mainly in virtual reality and partly in augmented reality, from the last five years. The content is themed around the application areas of training, education, robotics, health and well-being, and user experience.

Over the past two decades we have witnessed the increasing popularity of the internet of things. The vision of billions of connected objects, able to interact with their environment, is the key driver directing the development of future communication devices. Today, power consumption as well as the cost and size of radios remain some of the key obstacles towards fulfilling this vision. Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT presents the latest developments in the field of low power wireless communication. It promotes the FM-UWB modulation scheme as a candidate for short range communication in different IoT scenarios. The FM-UWB has the potential to provide exactly what is missing today. This spread spectrum technique enables significant reduction in transceiver complexity, making it smaller, cheaper and more energy efficient than most alternative options.The book provides an overview of both circuit-level and architectural techniques used in low power radio design, with a comprehensive study of state-of-the-art examples. It summarizes key theoretical aspects of FM-UWB with a glimpse at potential future research directions. Finally, it gives an insight into a full FM-UWB transceiver design, from system level specifications down to transistor level design, demonstrating the modern power reduction circuit techniques.Ultra-Low Power FM-UWB Transceivers for IoT is a perfect text and reference for engineers working in RF IC design and wireless communication, as well as academic staff and graduate students engaged in low power communication systems research.

Over recent years a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the incorporation of various macro, micro and nano sized fillers into polymers. There is also much interest in the evaluation of various polymer properties with respect to a wide set of applications. The advances in nanotechnology together with the development in material sciences has improved the shortcomings of these materials over the decade. This book covers the latest advances in the field of polymer nanocomposites and polymer composites for varied applications. The major topics discussed in the book include: * Nanostructured materials for energy applications * Nanostructured polymercomposites * Bio-polymers * Nanostructured polymers for biomedical applicationsThe book contains extended and updated research papers that were initially selected for the ICAMP-2017 conference which focused on advances in polymer materials.The book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in polymer science and materials science as well as for graduate students in polymer chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and biomedical engineering.

Based on presentations given at the 2nd IEEE United Kingdom Circuits and Systems (UKCAS 2019) Workshop. The book covers several advanced topics in the areas of semiconductor devices, circuits and systems, and energy harvesting; discussing their application in emerging implantable and wearable technologies and IoT.

Over the past decade, tremendous development of wireless communications has changed human life and engineering. Considerable advancement has been made in design and architecture of related RF and microwave circuits. Introduction to Wireless Communication Circuits focuses on special circuits dedicated to the RF level of wireless communications. From oscillators to modulation and demodulation, and from mixers to RF and power amplifier circuits, all are presented in a sequential manner. A wealth of analytical relations is provided in the text alongside various worked out examples. Related problem sets are given at the end of each chapter. Basic concepts of RF Analog Circuit Design are developed in the book. Technical topics discussed include:- Wireless Communication System- RF Oscillators and Phase Locked Loops- Modulator and Demodulator Circuits- RF Mixers- Automatic Gain Control and Limiters- Microwave Circuits, Transmission Lines and S-Parameters- Matching Networks- Linear Amplifier Design and Power Amplifiers- Linearization TechniquesThis textbook is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as RF Engineers and professionals.

The book presents the fundamentals of music science, followed by a discussion on the historical evolution of music. An introduction to the analysis of signals in time and frequency is presented, which includes sound and noise. Features and mathematical aspects of the sound are discussed, including vibration and timbre.The book presents a review of existing voice models and discusses the voice production, sound perception, music characteristics and acoustics, tempo, rhythm and harmony. Musical theory is presented, including staff, notes, alterations, keys and intervals, tones and associated frequencies and wavelengths. The creation of major and minor scales is emphasized, along with a study on consonance and dissonance, measure, metric, tempo markings, dynamics, modulation. The book also explains the chord formation, and discusses melody and composition.The book has four appendices, including an appendix on the basic differentiation and integration theorems, another with useful Fourier tables, and an appendix featuring the notes, their frequencies and wavelengths. The book also has a glossary of music terms.

Using case studies, this book encourages readers to view economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. The books main aim is therefore to direct the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers to swiftly find the balance between the three pillars of sustainable development.

The operational theme permeating most definitions of the IoT concept, is the wireless communication of networked objects, in particular, smart sensing devices and machines, exchanging data a la Internet. In this book, a detailed look is taken at the fundamental principles of devices and techniques whose exploitation will facilitate the development of compact, power-efficient, autonomous, smart, networked sensing nodes underlying and encompassing the emerging IoT era.The book provides an understanding of nanoelectromechanical quantum circuits and systems (NEMX), as exemplified by firstly the uncovering of their origins, impetus and motivation, and secondly by developing an understanding of their device physics, including, the topics of actuation, mechanical vibration and sensing. Next the fundamentals of key devices, namely, MEMS/NEMS switches, varactors and resonators are covered, including a wide range of implementations. The book then looks at their energy supply via energy harvesting, as derived from wireless energy and mechanical vibrations. Finally, after an introduction to the fundamentals of IoT networks and nodes, the book concludes with an exploration of how the NEMX components are encroaching in a variety of emerging IoT applications.

Focuses on the new technologies and services enabled by 5G networks or broadband internet networks, including artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, augmented reality, Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous driving, blockchain solutions, and cloud solutions.