Böcker utgivna av Nova Science Publishers Inc

Tricuspid valve disease has long been ignored as a surrogate for the left atrioventricular valve (the mitral valve) and mainly a benign, indolent disease. This concept is currently outdated, as we know that the pathology of the tricuspid valve, primitive or secondary, sometimes isolated, brings with it a poor prognosis if not treated. To date, the complexity is recognized not only of the valve itself, but also of its pathophysiology and the environment of the right heart and its interaction with the left heart. In order to better define the therapeutic path of a patient suffering from tricuspid valve disease, we have tried to offer a comprehensive overview to the reader, starting from historical considerations (Chapter 1) about the vision of the circulatory system and from the evidence accumulated over the centuries until the recognition of the continuum between signs and symptoms related to the valve. As the basis of a modern approach to the understanding of the valve itself, we have traced the embryological and morphogenetic stages towards the anatomo-clinical correlates (Chapter 2). Subsequently, the epidemiology and clinical approach to tricuspid valve disease (Chapter 3) were illustrated, followed by the diagnostic procedure, state-of-the-art imaging techniques (Chapter 4) and more advanced techniques (Chapter 5). In particular, I thought it was necessary to dedicate a chapter to the pathology of the tricuspid valve secondary (functional) to left heart disease (Chapter 6), probably the most frequent form encountered by the clinicians. We have not neglected to discuss about tricuspid valve infections (Chapter 7), with particular reference to the microbiology, diagnosis and treatment. We considered it necessary that the role of the valve in congenital adult disease should also be addressed (Chapter 8), whether in natural history, modified by surgery or as an acquired disease. Neoplastic pathology may also involve the valve and the pathologist provides (Chapter 9) the knowledge and systematization of the most frequent primary and secondary tumors. Coming to the therapeutic act, after dealing with special pathology of the valve, (Chapter 10) we present the pharmacological approach, a necessary act, sometimes as a sole therapeutic option and sometimes propedeutic to surgery. Tricuspid valve plays an absolutely primary role in two aspects of the advanced treatment of refractory heart failure, namely its clinical and prognostic impact on ventricular care systems (LVAD) and cardiac transplantation (Chapter 11) has been discussed. The last two chapters are dedicated to non-medical treatment, with a particular focus on indications, risk selection and stratification as well as adequate surgical techniques (Chapter 12) and new perspectives of intervention through transcatheter techniques (Chapter 13). Overall, there is a need for an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to a complex nosological entity that is itself interdependent on pathophysiological systems, which the clinician, cardiologist, cardiac surgeon, internist and researcher cannot ignore.

This book specifically addresses the challenges we have faced during more than ten years of research into different topics regarding teaching practices, from subjects such as the relationship between the planning of practices and their application in specific classroom contexts to others linked to task management in the direct teaching of content. Next, this compilation is interested in providing some insight for teachers to be able to use classroom artefacts and to convert them into real tools useful in students'' learning. A study that aims to raise educators'' awareness and inform them about the scope and implementation of instruction management is presented. It focuses on primary education, which is a critical step for learners to be equipped with the necessary skills to join knowledge-based economies. The purpose of the penultimate chapter is to analyse the relevance of knowledge in the search for improvement in teaching practices, taking as starting point the lack of a single path of teacher improvement. A qualitative study presented in the final chapter explores challenges facing the implementation of teaching in an open, distance and e-learning institution, and identifies ways in which these challenges can be mediated. The challenges are related to school placement, supervision, mentoring, administration, resources, assessment and communication.

Athens and Rome stand side by side as the parents of Western civilisation. The resemblances between Rome and Greece even from the first are very clearly marked. In many respects they are visibly of the same family, and, though we no longer speak as confidently of "Aryan" and "Indo-European" as did the ethnologists and philologists of the nineteenth century, yet there remains an obvious kinship of language, customs, and even dress.

This is a homage to women, as well as provides clinical pearls written by psychiatrists for clinicians and non-clinicians alike. Mental health as it relates to women is described throughout the chapters of this book. This book represents up-to-date information that can be used as a reference or as a study guide to understand clinical treatment for perinatal mental health. The book demonstrates the history and current understanding of women''s mental health. A thorough description of mental health, wellness, diagnosis and treatment recommendations are seen throughout the chapters. Summarised highlights are depicted in each chapter in a form of a table. This book is an excellent learning tool for understanding women''s health. It can be used as a self-health book to understand mental health as it relates to women. This book is a review for mental health workers, physicians, residents and students.

This book underlines the importance of a preventive perspective for healthy and sustainable organisations. The book presents a cross-cultural approach regarding problems and possible resources for strengthening healthy organisations. Primary prevention can be considered as a universal value and for this reason primary preventive interventions have to be taken into account for improving strengths, also if articulated globally on the basis of different contexts and cultures. This volume gives a contribution to the challenge to overcome a dark side towards a positive side in organisations, focusing on healthy people as flourishing and resilient workers. The book includes contributions from different Western and Eastern countries, highlighting the relevance in a cross-cultural perspective of a positive work environment in promoting employee health, well-being, and performance. The book includes two parts. The first part presents contributions that look to go beyond the dark side in organisations in a cross-cultural perspective, individuating new awareness, resources and perspectives. The second part aims to expand the horizons, particularly focusing on a primary prevention perspective with the aim of giving a contribution in concretely building healthy organisations. Thanks to the chapters of the different authors, this book is a relevant and substantive contribution in the framework of a cross-cultural approach to promote a positive preventive psychology for healthy organisations. The volume also stressed the value and the challenge of a primary prevention in a cross-cultural perspective for building healthy work environments. As a whole, this book advances a positive cross-cultural primary preventive perspective to promote healthier and more sustainable workers and organisations in the third millennium, identifying it as a value to share in terms of a valuable point of reference for practice and research.

Wind tunnels are facilities in which the wind is produced by fans or by compressed air to study and measure the action of the air flow around a solid. There are two basic types of wind tunnels: the closed-circuit and the open-circuit. Open-circuits draw air from the ambient environment and exhaust it back to the ambient after exiting the fan, while in closed-circuit, the air repeatedly circulates through the tunnel. The closed-circuit design delivers improved efficiency and generates less noise, but it is more expensive and more difficult to manufacture. Wind tunnels are typically used in aerodynamic research to analyse the behaviour of flows under varying conditions, both within channels and over solid surfaces. The present book focus on uses and developments of wind tunnels. It consists on nine chapters presenting different studies on the design, uses and developments of the wind tunnel in different applications like wind turbines, building and aircraft models. The presented case studies and development approaches aim to provide the readers, such as engineers and PhD students, with basic and applied studies broadly related to the wind tunnels and its applications.

Healthcare costs continue to rise in the United States and many Americans are struggling to budget and pay for their healthcare expenses. As healthcare costs continue to rise, many Americans still have no idea how much something will cost them before they receive care. Chapter 1 examines some of the causes of increased healthcare costs, and increasing healthcare costs. One of the biggest challenges for small businesses wishing to help their employees with health care is the cost. Small businesses helping their employees purchase health insurance is discussed in chapter 2. From fiscal years 2009 through 2016, the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) obligated more than $9 billion for the provision of inmate health care and several factors affected these costs. Chapter 3 addresses BOP''s costs to provide health care services and factors that affect costs; the extent to which BOP has data to help control health care costs; and the extent to which BOP has planned and implemented cost control efforts.

The federal government spends more than $80 billion each year on information technology (IT) investments; in FY2017 that investment is expected to increase to more than $89 billion. Historically, the projects supported by these investments have often incurred "multi-million dollar cost overruns and years-long schedule delays." In addition, they may contribute little to mission-related outcomes and, in some cases, may fail altogether. These undesirable results "can be traced to a lack of disciplined and effective management and inadequate executive-level oversight." The Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act (FITARA) was enacted on December 19, 2014, to address these issues and codify existing initiatives managed by the Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO).

When the Affordable Care Act was just beginning to be implemented in 2013, the HHS secretary released a report stating the goal of Affordable Healthcare Act is to increase competition and transparency in the markets for individuals and small group insurance leading to higher quality, more affordable products. Fast forward 4 years later, what we are seeing is a decrease in competition and an increase in premium costs. This trend is concerning for all Americans and is discussed in this book.

The federal government''s demand for information technology (IT) is ever increasing. In recent years, as federal agencies have modernised their operations, put more of their services online, and improved their information security profiles, their need for computing power and data storage resources has grown. Accordingly, this growing demand has led to a dramatic rise in the number of federal data centres and a corresponding increase in operational costs. In response, the Office of Management and Budget''s (OMB) Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) launched the Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative (FDCCI) in 2010 to reduce the growing number of centres. This book reports on the progress and challenges of the 24 agencies required to participate in the Data Center Optimization Initiative (DCOI).

The Medicare program serves as the healthcare coverage provider to over 58 million beneficiaries. In serving the over age 65 population, Medicare accounts for a large share of total opioid prescriptions. In 2016, one out of every three beneficiaries was prescribed an opioid through Medicare Part D. While many Medicare beneficiaries with serious pain-related conditions are being properly prescribed opioids, there is mounting evidence of opioid misuse in the Medicare system. This book looks at a proposed programs which seek to increase screening and thus, early detection of potential opioid use disorder upon entry into the Medicare program.

The globalisation of trade in goods and services has opened up new and more and more vast markets and so financial markets have triggered sharp growth in investment portfolios and large movements of short-term capital, with borrowers and investors interacting through a more and more unified market. Cyberspace is a global network of computers linked by high-speed data lines and wireless systems and so cyberspace can strengthen national and global governance. Financial crimes are types of economic crimes which implicate using instruments and institutions of the financial market for getting financial profits at the expense of other market actors. Insider trading is basically when a corporate insider or another party in possession of proprietary non-public information trades upon it. The insider trading policy is an aspect of a company''s internal governance making certain corporate transparency is preserved upholding investor confidence. Insider trading is far from generic propagated through various means and brought about by various market participants. Money laundering is the course whereby criminals mask the true origin and ownership of the earnings of their criminal activities permitting them to keep control over these profits and, in due course, to stipulate a legitimate cover for their source of income and the financing of their criminal actions. Crypto-currencies have been portrayed as an instrument making possible illegal activity, as they advance a setting for individuals to create, transfer, launder and steal unlawful funds with anonymity. Terrorism produces governments to be more vigilant with private financial transactions to avert funding of terrorist activities from abroad. Financial crimes contribute to terrorist financing.

This compilation titled "Laser Therapy: Types, Uses, and Safety" focuses on varied aspects of laser (photobiomodulation, PBM) therapy ranging from types of lasers, parameters of optical radiation determining its biological activity and therapeutic action, basic and modern techniques, mitochondrial effects of laser for therapeutics to the clinical use of PBM in treating various medical conditions and its use in surgery. The authors discuss parameters of optical radiation of low intensity determining its biological activity and therapeutic action, basic techniques and modern technologies, and mitochondrial effects of laser therapy. This book provides the most up-to-date information on recent clinical and research trials and clinical uses as well as catalogs the optimal therapeutic settings for a myriad of disease states. The book describes the use of PBM in dentistry, tissue repair and regeneration, treatment of fibromyalgia, muscle fatigue, injury, regeneration and repair, hearing loss, osteoarthritis, neurosurgery, gynecological diseases, snakebite envenomation, acute and chronic respiratory diseases, hypertension, relieving symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage, venous ulcer healing, treatment of inflammation, and its synergism with physical exercise in treatment of obesity. Further, the role of laser therapy in drug development and in enhancing drug delivery has been discussed. Lastly, we have discussed the evolving role of optogenetics using laser lights in elucidating the molecular mechanism in various pathologies. The authors have critically discussed the uses and side-effects of laser therapy and have highlighted the future directions and approaches to get the best outcome. Altogether, this book will serve as a helpful guide on how PBM could play a role in providing daily care to the patients and enlighten upcoming students and researchers.