Böcker utgivna av Northwestern University Press

Although the Japanese economy was in shambles at the end of World War II, its growth performance has been spectacular during the past few decades. No less phenomenal was the unprecedented rapidity with which Japan moved through the final stages of its demographic transition. Over the last forty years, Japan has experienced a striking decline in its birthrate. This decline has occurred in parallel with rapid urbanization, industrialization, and socioeconomic development. How much have Japan's unique cultural factors been related to the fertility change? Robert W. Hodge and Naohiro Ogawa develop a detailed statistical model of determinants of fertility in modern Japan. They persuasively demonstrate that these same factors combined with others continue to affect Japanese reproductive behavior at the microlevel. Using a variety of statistical tools designed for cross-sectional and time-series analysis, the authors study, in the context of Japanese socioeconomic transformations, changes in key demographic variables such as cumulative fertility, desired family size, abortion, and contraceptive use. All of the statistical apparatus they employ is carefully explained, both in detail and in a step-by-step fashion. Rich in insights into Japanese society, this volume will be of interest to social and economic demographers, development economists, and Japan-area specialists.

Nietzsche once remarked that some men are born posthumously. Of no one has this been truer than Nietzsche himself, and the last decade has witnessed yet another rebirth of this most protean of thinkers.

Based upon a unique set of twenty case studies of large and medium-sized state owned Chinese industrial enterprises, this volume illuminates previously unsuspected variations in Chinese industry from the standard central planning model.

This book tells a new story story of the development of city government in nineteenth-century America. Combining insights suggested by several important recent (and not so recent) studies with archival research in a previously unavailable documentary record, this book builds a narrative that is very different from those most urban historians have recounted.

To know all we know about Sappho is to know little. Her poetry, dating from the seventh century B.C.E., comes to us in fragments, her biography as speculation. How is it then, Page duBois asks, that this poet has come to signify so much? Sappho Is Burning offers a new reading of this archaic Lesbian poet that acknowledges the poet's distance and difference from us. It stresses Sappho's inassimilability into our narratives about the Greeks, literary history, philosophy, the history of sexuality, the psychoanalytic subject. In Sappho Is Burning, duBois reads Sappho as a disruptive figure at the very origin of our story of Western civilization. Sappho is beyond contemporary categories, inhabiting a space outside of reductively linear accounts of a common history. She is a woman, but also an aristocrat; a Greek, but one turned toward Asia; a poet who writes as a philosopher before philosophy; a writer who speaks of sexuality that can be identified neither with Michel Foucault's account of Greek sexuality nor with many versions of contemporary lesbian sexuality. She is named the tenth muse, yet the nine books of her poetry survive only in fragments. She disorients, troubles, undoes many certitudes in the history of poetry, the history of philosophy, the history of sexuality. DuBois argues that we need to read Sappho again.

Here, in a single volume, is the first comprehensive history in English of the Sephardim - descendants of the Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 by Ferdinand and Isabella. Writing for the general reader as well as for the specialist, Paloma Diaz-Mas provides a superbly organized and up-to-date account of Sephardic culture, history, religious practice, language, and literature. Most of the Sephardim originally settled in Mediterranean Europe, the Low Countries, North Africa, and the Turkish Empire. In the nineteenth century, however, a second diaspora brought the Sephardim to the United States, South America, Israel, and Western Europe. Diaz-Mas begins with a brief overview of Jewish religion and culture, discussing the calendar, holidays, dietary laws, and life-cycle ceremonies. Next, she traces the history of the Jews in Spain through the 1492 expulsion. She succinctly describes their subsequent wanderings, settlements, and achievements up to the nineteenth century, when false messiahs caused crises that had a profound impact on Sephardic communities. After detailing the various causes of the second diaspora, Diaz-Mas addresses the effect of the Holocaust specifically on the Sephardim - an issue almost entirely overlooked elsewhere. She also reviews the involvement of the Sephardim in Spanish politics through the Moroccan Protectorate and into Franco's time and the present. The final chapter focuses on the situation of the Sephardim throughout the world today. Diaz-Mas's treatment of the language of the Sephardim - often called Ladino or Judeo-Spanish - shows how it diverged from "mainstream" Spanish in the 1500s, how it developed regional dialects, and why it is now disappearing as aneveryday language. In addition to traditional Sephardic literature - religious works, coplas (verses), popular stories - newer genres like journalism and theater are also examined. Authoritative and completely accessible, Sephardim will appeal to anyone interested in Spanish culture and Jewish civilization. Each chapter ends with a list of recommended reading, and the book includes an extensive bibliography of works in Spanish, French, and English. Fully updated by the author since its publication in Spanish, Sephardim also features notes by the translator that illuminate references which might otherwise be obscure to an English-speaking reader.

Over a million nonprofit organizations, from day-care centers and neighborhood churches to major research universities and metropolitan hospitals, are currently relied upon to deliver an array of essential social services. This is in keeping with a historical conviction that private voluntary action, as opposed to government intervention, should address as many of the nation's social needs as possible. But just how much to rely on the nonprofit sector is the question at the center of a growing debate. Critics challenge the assumption that nonprofit organizations have successfully directed much of their benefits toward the poor and disadvantaged - an assumption that has to date justified favorable tax treatment for donations and nonprofit operations. Who Benefits from the Nonprofit Sector? examines all the major elements of the nonprofit sector - health services, educational and research institutions, religious organizations, social services, arts and cultural organizations, and foundations - describing each institution and its function, and then exploring how their benefits are distributed across various economic classes. The book's findings indicate that while few institutions serve primarily the poor, there is no evidence of a gross distribution of benefits upwards toward the more affluent. The source of an institution's funding is also shown to be an important determinant in how its benefits are distributed. They show, for example, that: . Nonprofit nursing homes and drug treatment centers have a lower concentration of Medicaid patients than their for-profit public counterparts do. Twenty-seven percent of social service agencies serve primarily the poor, and the large majority ofthese received most of their income from the federal government. The effective educational subsidy (i.e., cost of education less tuition) per person at both public and private univenities increases with income. The analysis of this data makes for a book with profound implications for future social and tax policy.

This innovative study by a premier scholar of the Middle Ages brings together widely divergent discourses to fashion an unusually provocative, comprehensive picture of sexual language and attitudes at a particular time and place in the medieval world. John Baldwin introduces five representative voices from the turn of the twelfth century in northern France: Pierre the Chanter speaks for the theological doctrine of Augustine; the Prose Salernitan Questions, for the medical theories of Galen; Andre the Chaplain, for the Ovidian literature of the schools; Jean Renart, for the contemporary romances; and Jean Bodel, for the emerging voices of the fabliaux. Juxtaposing their views on a range of essential subjects, including social position, the sexual body, desire and act, and procreation, Baldwin allows us into the discussion of sexuality inside the church and schools of the clergy, in high and popular culture of the laity. The result is a fascinating dialogue of how these representatives agreed or disagreed with, ignored, imitated, or responded to each other at a critical moment in the development of European ideas about sexual desire, fulfillment, morality, and gender. This heterogeneous discussion also offers a startling glimpse into the construction of gender specific to this moment, when men and women enjoyed equal status in sexual matters, if nowhere else. In a pervasively patriarchal society, where male dominance was virtually unquestioned, sexual relations appear here as an exception. In varied ways, each spokesman argues for the equality of men and women in sexual matters, a proposition that received scientific undergirding from the Galenic theory of the two sperm distributedbetween male and female - and that would give way in the thirteenth century to the Aristotelian theory of the single male sperm. The turn of the twelfth century thus represented a last privileged moment for gender equality for centuries to come. Taken together, the five voices in this book extend their reach, encompass their subject, and point to a center where social reality lies. By articulating language at its varied depths, this remarkable study takes its place alongside groundbreaking works by James Brundage, John Boswell, and Leah Otis in extending our understanding of sexuality and sexual behavior in the Middle Ages.