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Based on five interviews conducted by Paul Stillwell from August through October 1985, the volume contains 439 pages of interview transcript plus an index. The transcript is copyright 1986 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on two interviews conducted by Etta-Belle Kitchen in April 1970. The volume contains 216 pages of interview transcript plus an index. The transcript is copyright 1989 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the transcript requires the written permission of Admiral Pownall's daughter to quote or cite in published works.

Based on three interviews conducted by Barrett Tillman and Robert Lawson in February and March 1985. The volume contains 383 pages of interview transcript plus an index. The transcript is copyright 1999 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee has placed no restrictions on its use.

All of these men were interviewed for the oral history project of the U.S. Naval Institute dealing with the life and career of the late Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimiz, USN. Drake, Rear Adm. William Waldo (Waldo), USNR (Ret.) (1897-1977); Pacific Fleet public relations officer during much of World War II; interviewed by Mason in June 1970; 60 pages Fife, Admiral James Jr., USN (Ret.) (1897-1975); a long-time submarine officer who commanded in Australia during the war; interviewed by Mason in May 1969; 35 pages Lamar, Capt. H. Arthur, USNR (Ret.) (1911-2002); Nimitz's aide and flag lieutenant before the war and throughout its progress; interviewed by Mason in June 1970; 103 pages Layton, Rear Adm. Edwin T., USNR (Ret.) (1903-1984); Pacific Fleet intelligence officer throughout the war; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 116 pages Based on four interviews conducted by John T. Mason, Jr. , and E. B. Potter. Altogether, the volume contains 314 pages of interview transcript plus indices. The transcripts are copyright 1972 by the U. S. Naval Institute; the interviewees have placed no restrictions on their use.

This volume contains transcripts of a number of tape recorded interviews dealing with the late Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. The first one in the series was given by Rear Admiral Eugene B. Fluckey, USN (Ret.), who served as Aide to Admiral Nimitz during 1946-48. Fluckey came to know the Admiral not only as a great Naval commander but also as a very human and compassionate man. Eight of the interviews included in this volume were given by relatives. These people were interviewed by Professor E. B. Potter, the author of the Nimitz Biography.These recordings were obtained by Potter during a trip he made in March, 1970 to the birthplace of the Admiral in Fredericksburg, Texas. Represented in the volume are: Fluckey, Rear Adm. Eugene B. (1913-2007); submarine skipper and later Nimitz's aide; interviewed by Mason in October 1971; 29 pages Caldwell, Mr. J. Emott (1916-2000); naval aviator who served as Nimitz's pilot; interviewed by Kitchen in January 1970; 52 pages Gros, Mr. Robert R. (1914-1997); journalist who interviewed CNO Nimitz after World War II about Pacific Trust Territories; interviewed by Kitchen in July 1970; 34 pages Sutro, Mr. John A. (1905-1994); Navy League official involved in Nimitz's 75th birthday celebration; interviewed by Kitchen in July 1970; 20 pages Toepperwein, Mr. Herman T. (1907-1976); Texas relative; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 18 pages Reinbach, Mr. Max O. Sr. (1905-1997); Texas relative; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 16 pages Kiehne, Elise (Mrs. Charles) (1883-1976); last surviving aunt; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 10 pages Durst, Sylvia (Mrs. Milton) (1904-1972) and Mr. Guenther Henke (1893-1980); Texas relatives; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 24 pages Schreiner, Mr. Louis (1870-1970); Texas relative; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 8 pages Reagan, Mrs. Dora Nimitz (1895-1982); Texas relative; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 20 pages Leavell, Mr. John (1883-1971); boyhood friend in Texas; interviewed by Potter in March 1970; 17 pages Based on 12 interviews conducted by John T. Mason, Jr. , Etta-Belle Kitchen, and Paul Hopper. Altogether, the volume contains 333 pages of interview transcript plus indices. The transcripts are copyright by the U. S. Naval Institute; the interviewees have placed no restrictions on their use.

After graduation from the Naval Academy in 1933, Admiral Coye served in the cruiser USS Northampton (CA-26) and destroyer Monaghan (DD-354). Submarine school in 1937 was followed by service in the submarine Shark (SS-174) as engineer until 1941. He then helped put the mothballed submarine R-18 (SS-95) into commission and succeeded to command during patrols off Panama. The highlight of his career came during command of the USS Silversides (SS-236) on six successful war patrols, accounting to 14 confirmed sinkings of Japanese ships. After that Coye was submarine PCO instructor for two years and served on the staff of Commander Operational Development Force. Subsequent commands were the tender USS Fulton(AS-11) and Submarine Squadron Eight. After attending the Naval War College and serving on the staff of Commander Second Fleet, Admiral Coye commanded the heavy cruiser Rochester (CA-124), the Seventh Fleet flagship. While serving in the Strike Warfare Division in OpNav, Coye was selected for rear admiral, then served as Commander Naval Forces Marianas from 1961 to 1963. Later flag tours included duty as Commander Amphibious Group Three, staff of CinCSouth, and Commander Training Command Atlantic Fleet. He retired in 1968.

The majority of this memoir is devoted to Edwards's often detailed recollections of service as a naval engineer. Following graduation from the Naval Academy in 1923 he was a junior officer in battleships and the four-stack destroyer USS Henshaw (DD-278). He did postgraduate study in naval engineering, then was in the commissioning crews of the heavy cruiser USS Augusta (CA-31) and destroyer USS Mahan (DD-364) and taught at the academy. In 1937 he relieved Hyman Rickover as assistant engineer in the battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40). After duty at Puget Sound Navy Yard, he was the first chief engineer of the battleship USS North Carolina (BB-55), then spent virtually all of World War II on the destroyer-destroyer escort desk in the Bureau of Ships. In the late 1940s Edwards was on the Atlantic Fleet staff under Marc Mitscher and William Blandy. He later served in the New York Navy Yard, then wound up his career in BuShips before retiring in 1954. In 1953, Hyman Rickover, rather than Edwards, was selected as an EDO rear admiral.

After growing up in California in the 1920s and 1930s, Engen entered the Navy through the V-5 aviation cadet program and was designated a naval aviator in June 1942. In 1943-44 he flew an SB2C Helldiver in Bombing 19 (VB-19) and took part in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. In 1944-45 he flew in Bombing-Fighting 19 (VBF-19). Shortly after World War II he worked briefly as a civilian test pilot for Consolidated Vultee and was a student at the University of California at Los Angeles. In the next few years, as a fighter pilot, he was in Fighting 212 (VF-212), Fighter Squadron 52 (VF-52), and Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51). In the summer of 1950, during the Korean War, he was part of the U.S. Navy's first-ever jet sortie in combat. Other tours in the 1950s included General Line School at Monterey, California; Bureau of Aeronautics representative in Dallas; the Empire Test Pilots' School in Britain; and Air Development Squadron Three (VX-3). He served 1955-57 as executive officer of Fighter Squadron 21 (VF-21) and in 1957-59 at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River. In 1959-61 he was PCO and skipper of Fighter Squadron 21 (VF-21). Early 1960s duties included command of Carrier Air Group 11 and as operations officer in the attack aircraft carrier Coral Sea (CVA-43). In 1964-65 Engen commanded the ammunition ship Mount Katmai (AE-16), was a student at the Naval War College in 1965-66, and in 1966-67 commanded the attack aircraft carrier America (CVA-66). In the late 1960s he completed his bachelor's degree at George Washington University, headed the Aviation Plans Branch of OpNav, and was selected for flag rank. He served 1969-71 in the Strategic Plans Division of OpNav, then commanded Carrier Division Four, 1971-73. From 1973 to 1976 he was Deputy Commander in Chief U.S. Naval Forces Europe (CinCUSNavEur) in London. During the latter part of 1976 he was Assistant DCNO (Plans and Policy) and from 1976 to 1978 was Deputy Commander in Chief Atlantic Fleet. After Engen retired from active naval service in 1978, he was general manager of Piper Aircraft, Lakeland, Florida, and later worked with Ketron, Inc. On reentering government service in 1982 he was on the National Transportation Safety Board, and later served 1984-87 as Federal Aviation Administration Administrator. His post-retirement activities included flying and work at the Smithsonian's Air and Space Museum.

Admiral Foley, a navy junior, is an engaging storyteller, and his oral memoir benefits from this strength. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1932. After brief surface duty in the light cruiser USS Detroit (CL-8), he entered flight training, earning his wings in 1936. Prior to World War II he served in scouting, observation, and patrol squadrons, participating in the search for Amelia Earhart in 1937. He was a flight instructor at the new Jacksonville Naval Air Station when the United States joined the war. In June 1942 he was assigned as air operations officer in the aircraft carrier USS Hornet (CV-8), and recalls in great detail when he and other survivors were forced to abandon ship when this carrier was sunk that October. Other wartime duties included service on the staffs of Commander Task Force 65, Commander Air Solomons, and Commander Fleet Air South Pacific, and as head detailer of the officer flying section in OpNav. Volume I ends with his duties in the precommissioning crew of the large aircraft USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB-42) in early 1945. In the second volume, Admiral Foley continues with his duties in the Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB-42) in the mid-1940s. He served consecutively as navigator, air officer, and executive officer. From 1947-49 he served on the staff of the Chief of Naval Air Training. He was one of the Navy's early helicopter pilots, learning to fly them and commanding a helicopter squadron within a 1¿-year period. He commanded the seaplane tender USS Salisbury Sound (AV-13) and the attack aircraft carrier USS Shangri-La (CVA-38) in the mid-1950s, and Carrier Division One from 1960-61. He was Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, Plans and Policy at SHAPE headquarters and then Assistant Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Fleet Operations and Readiness). From 1967-71 he served as Commandant Third Naval District. His final tour was as the senior member of the U.N. Command Military Armistice Commission in Seoul, Korea. He retired in July 1972.

Admiral Foley, a navy junior, is an engaging storyteller, and his oral memoir benefits from this strength. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1932. After brief surface duty in the light cruiser USS Detroit (CL-8), he entered flight training, earning his wings in 1936. Prior to World War II he served in scouting, observation, and patrol squadrons, participating in the search for Amelia Earhart in 1937. He was a flight instructor at the new Jacksonville Naval Air Station when the United States joined the war. In June 1942 he was assigned as air operations officer in the aircraft carrier USS Hornet (CV-8), and recalls in great detail when he and other survivors were forced to abandon ship when this carrier was sunk that October. Other wartime duties included service on the staffs of Commander Task Force 65, Commander Air Solomons, and Commander Fleet Air South Pacific, and as head detailer of the officer flying section in OpNav. Volume I ends with his duties in the precommissioning crew of the large aircraft USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB-42) in early 1945. In the second volume, Admiral Foley continues with his duties in the Franklin D. Roosevelt (CVB-42) in the mid-1940s. He served consecutively as navigator, air officer, and executive officer. From 1947-49 he served on the staff of the Chief of Naval Air Training. He was one of the Navy's early helicopter pilots, learning to fly them and commanding a helicopter squadron within a 1¿-year period. He commanded the seaplane tender USS Salisbury Sound (AV-13) and the attack aircraft carrier USS Shangri-La (CVA-38) in the mid-1950s, and Carrier Division One from 1960-61. He was Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, Plans and Policy at SHAPE headquarters and then Assistant Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Fleet Operations and Readiness). From 1967-71 he served as Commandant Third Naval District. His final tour was as the senior member of the U.N. Command Military Armistice Commission in Seoul, Korea. He retired in July 1972.

William Arthur Owens was born in Bismarck, North Dakota on 8 May 1940 and served in the United States Navy from 1962 to 1996, retiring with the rank of admiral. His final billet was as Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1994 to 1996 and was appointed by President William Clinton. His Navy career included tours as Senior Military Assistant to Secretaries of Defense Frank Carlucci and Dick Cheney, Commander, US 6th Fleet (during OPERATION DESERT STORM), and Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Resources, Warfare Requirements and Assessments. Following retirement in 1996, Admiral Owens embarked on a career as a senior business executive, board member, and entrepreneur with senior executive positions and member of various technology and telecommunications companies, including President of SAIC, CEO of Teledesic, and CEO of Nortel, a Fortune 100 company, as well as board positions for Daimler, Telstra, and the New York Stock Exchange.

Admiral Joseph P. Reason was the first African-American to become a four-star admiral in the United States Navy. The son of a Howard University professor and high school science teacher, he was accepted into the U.S. Naval Academy and graduated with the Class of 1965. After successfully completing the Navy's nuclear propulsion program, he first served in USS Truxtun (DLGN 35), one of the Navy's nuclear-powered surface ships. He subsequently earned a Master of Science degree in computer systems management from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1970 and then returned to sea in the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN 65). In 1976, he was assigned to the White House as the naval aide to President Jimmy Carter. After a highly successful tour as executive officer of USS Mississippi (CGN 40), then- Commander Reason took command of USS Coontz (DDG-40) in September of 1981, followed by command of the nuclear-powered cruiser USS Bainbridge (CGN 25) as a captain. In 1986, he was promoted to rear-admiral and began a series of flag-assignments, including command of Cruiser-Destroyer Group One and Naval Surface Force, Atlantic, as well as a Pentagon tour in Plans and Policy. His capstone assignment was as Commander in Chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Retiring in 1999, Admiral Reason has served in several prestigious roles in industry, has chaired the board at the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation and served on the Naval Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences.

A 1941 graduate of the University of North Carolina, Karpeles that same year became a contract physicist for the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance. In that capacity he specialized in the degaussing and deperming of ships to provide protection against magnetic mines. He was also involved in measures against acoustic mines. He worked initially at the Boston Navy Yard in early 1942, then went to Pearl Harbor in April of that year. Karpeles continued in that work until 1945, becoming a civil service physicist in 1943. He was drafted into the Navy as an enlisted man in May 1943 and subsequently served as an electrician's mate in the battleship USS Alabama (BB-60) until discharged in July 1946. Subsequently he was a physician, as well as teaching physiology and biophysics at the university level.

This oral history varies from most in that Captain Kretz concentrates on one topic: service with the U.S. Asiatic Fleet in the 1930s. From 1936 to 1938 he served first in the gunboat Panay (PR-5), and then in the destroyer Bulmer (DD-222). Among topics covered are the Sino-Japanese War, idiosyncrasies of Chinese life and culture, food, medical care, recreational activities, and the military and civilian leaders in the area.

Admiral Libby finished third in the Naval Academy's class of 1922, even though he attaches no great importance to the achievement in his oral history. Indeed, he is often overly modest during the course of this memoir. He hits only the highlights of his years as a junior officer. He served in destroyers and got postgraduate education in ordnance. The bulk of the transcript deals with Admiral Libby's service during World War II and the years immediately thereafter. He began the war on the immediate staff of Admiral Ernest J. King and provides insights into the admiral's personality. He then commanded Destroyer Squadron One and Destroyer Squadron 56 in the Aleutians and Central Pacific campaigns before returning to Washington to serve on the Joint War Plans Committee. After the war he commanded the heavy cruiser USS Bremerton (CA-130) and served on the staffs of Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations. During the Korean War he commanded a division of heavy cruisers and then was on the team of U.S. negotiators which encountered a great deal of frustration in trying to deal with the North Koreans. During the mid-1950's he again served in OpNav and commanded the Atlantic Fleet Battleship-Cruiser Force. Prior to his retirement in 1960, he rounded out his career by serving as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Plans and Policy) and as Commander First Fleet.

Following graduation from the Naval Academy in 1943, Long was in the crew of the battleship USS Colorado (BB-45) during Pacific combat. He completed submarine school, then served in a succession of diesel boats: USS Corsair (SS-435), USS Cutlass (SS-478), and USS Sea Leopard (SS-483), including command of the latter, 1954-56. Ashore he was in the NROTC unit at the University of North Carolina, a student at the Naval War College, and in the submarine readiness section of OpNav. After serving on the staff of ComSubLant, he went through the Navy nuclear power program, then commanded two Polaris submarines, the USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599) and the USS Casimir Pulaski (SSBN-633). He served next in the Special Projects Office, dealing with Polaris-Poseidon, then was aide to the Under Secretary of the Navy. His first flag billet was as Commander Service Group Three in the Western Pacific during the Vietnam War. Subsequently he served in the Naval Ship Systems Command, as ComSubLant, Deputy CNO (Submarine Warfare), and in two four-star billets: Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Commander in Chief Pacific. In retirement he chaired the Long Commission, which investigated the 1983 bombing of the Marine Barracks in Beirut, Lebanon.

After serving in the USS Dickerson (DD-157), USS Northampton (CA-26), and USS Pennsylvania (BB-38), Admiral Melson was CO of the USS Champlin (DD-601), deployed in the Mediterranean and Atlantic war areas in 1942-1943. Subsequent duties included: Chief of Staff to Commander Battleship Division Five; Operations and Plans Officer to Sixteenth Fleet; Staff Officer at the Naval War College; Commander Destroyer Squadron Twenty; and Administrative Aide to the Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy. In 1952-1953 he served as CO of the USS New Jersey (BB-62) during the Korean War. He then commanded Cruiser Division Four; became the Superintendent of the Naval Academy; Commander of First Fleet, after which he commanded the U.S. Taiwan Defense Command. In 1964 he reported as President of the Naval War College and remained there until his retirement in 1966.

Unlike most of the Naval Institute's oral histories, which contain the recollections of seagoing line officers, this memoir is from a skilled artist who painted the portraits of many of the line officers. In addition to providing interesting anecdotes about the artistic process, Commander Murray also supplied candid insights into the personalities of the individuals. For instance, in painting Admiral William Halsey and Admiral Thomas Kinkaid, Murray rekindled their acrimonious feelings about the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Many of the other top naval leaders of World War II were the subjects of Murray's brush: Chester Nimitz, William Leahy, Ernest King, James Forrestal, Marc Mitscher, Arleigh Burke, Thomas Sprague, Jonas Ingram, Arthur Radford, Charles McMorris, Richmond Kelly Turner, and Raymond Spruance. More recent leaders included Secretary of the Navy Thomas Gates and CNO Admiral Elmo Zumwalt. Copies of the Murray portraits of these individuals are included in the volume so the reader can compare the artist's verbal descriptions with the images he created. In addition, Murray talked about his role as a combat artist, particularly in connection with the Allied invasion of southern France in August 1944.

An early submariner, Murray was involved in the construction of the submarine base at Pearl Harbor in the early 1920s. He commanded the submarines USS R-17 (SS-94), L-8 (SS-48), R-13 (SS-90), and S-9 (SS-114). In the 1920s he served in the battleships USS Arkansas (BB-33) and New York (BB-34) and was an instructor at the Naval Academy. In the 1930s he commanded the submarine USS S-44 (SS-155), served at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, commanded the submarine USS Porpoise (SS-172), was damage control officer in the heavy cruiser USS Portland (CA-33), and was a submarine detailer in the Bureau of Navigation. When the Japanese attacked in 1941, Murray was commander of Submarine Division 15 at Manila, participating in the defense of the Philippines and Netherlands East Indies. His next assignment was chief of staff and aide to Commander Submarine Force, Southwest Pacific. In 1943 he became chief of staff to Charles Lockwood, Commander Submarine Force Pacific Fleet. In 1944-45 Murray was Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy. In the spring of 1945 he took command of the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63), flagship of Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey Jr., Commander Third Fleet. In Murray's oral history, after relating the ship's wartime activities, including bombardments against Honshu, Hokkaido, and Okinawa, he then provides a marvelously detailed description of the events leading up to and during the Japanese surrender ceremony on board the Missouri on 2 September 1945. In November 1945, as a newly selected rear admiral, he was ordered to Commander Seventh Fleet for duty with the survey for forming the U.S. Advisory Group to China. Subsequent flag billets included the following: 1948-49, Pearl Harbor Naval Base; in 1949-50, Commander Amphibious Training Command Atlantic Fleet; 1950-52, Commander Submarine Force Atlantic Fleet; 1952-54, Commandant of the 14th Naval District in Hawaii; and 1954-56 as Naval Inspector General. He retired from active duty in 1956 and later worked as a consultant for the Rand Corporation.

Captain Noel, a prolific writer and avid tennis player, was graduated from the Naval Academy in 1936. His World War II service included duty in the light minelayer USS Sicard (DM-21) at Pearl Harbor when the Japanese attacked, and command of the destroyer USS Lamson (DD-367) during the Leyte Gulf and Ormoc Bay landings of late 1944. Among his postwar commands was the cruiser USS Springfield (CLG-7), Sixth Fleet flagship of two future CNOs, Admirals George Anderson and David McDonald. Subjects discussed include moral leadership in the Navy, civilian-versus-military control of the Judge Advocate General's Corps, and the early use of helicopters in underway replenishment. Various articles by Noel, discussed in the text, are included as an appendix.

In early career as naval aviator he served in the USS Northampton (CA-26). In 1938 was assigned to PBY squadron in San Diego--participated in mass non-stop flight to Coco Solo, Canal Zone. First USN patrol plane pilot to take off from Pearl Harbor when Japanese attacked. Participated in Battle of Midway and landings at Guadalcanal. Was first CO of the seaplane tender USS Floyds Bay (AVP-40), later navigator of the carrier USS Philippine Sea (CV-47) during Operation Highjump exploration of Antarctica. Served as Chief of Staff for Commander Carrier Division 15 and as Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Taiwan Defense Command. Discussions focus particularly on his experiences in PBY patrol planes. Other tours of duty are covered in much less detail.

One of the few patrol plane aviators in the Naval Institute's oral history collection, Osborn is the first graduate of Aviation Officer Candidate School to achieve flag rank in the Navy. After completing the various stages of flight training in 1957, he held billets of increasing responsibility in several squadrons, Patrol Squadron 17, Patrol Squadron 31, Patrol Squadron 19, and Patrol Squadron 40. In VP-31 he was an instructor as the P-3 Orion entered the fleet; he served as executive officer and commanding officer of VP-40. In the mid-1960s he served on the staffs of Commander Anti-Submarine Warfare Group Five and Commander Patrol Force Seventh Fleet. After that he was a student at the Naval Postgraduate School, attended a course in POW survival, and was a student at the Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. OpNav tours in the 1970s included ASW readiness and training officer and executive assistant to the Director of ASW and Ocean Surveillance, Vice Admiral Ed Waller. After duty in the early 1980s in the Naval Military Personnel Command, he was promoted to rear admiral and had several flag tours: in OP-01; as deputy director for operations in the National Military Command Center; as Commander Patrol Wings Pacific Fleet; and as Deputy Director, Defense Mapping Agency.

Designated a naval aviator in 1929, Vice Admiral Robert B. Pirie served in the USS Lexington (CV-2), Langley (CV-1), and Raleigh (CL-7). In 1942 he was Assistant Air Operations Officer for Commander Air Force Pacific Fleet. In 1945 he was Commander Carrier Division Four, participating in the assault on and capture of the Marianas and Palau; the initial raid on the Philippines, Okinawa, and Formosa; the Battle of Leyte Gulf; and the South China Sea Raid. During the final months of the war, he was Air Ops Officer on staff of Fleet Admiral King. He served as Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy in 1952. Subsequent duties included: CO of the USS Coral Sea (CVA-43); Chief of Staff to CinC, U.S. Naval Forces Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; Chief of Staff and Aide to CinC U.S. Atlantic Fleet; Commander Carrier Division Six, Commander Second Fleet; and Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air) until retirement in 1962.

Based on six interviews, conducted by Paul Stillwell from May 1987 to April 1992. The volume contains 459 pages of interview transcript plus a comprehensive index. The transcript is copyright 2015 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on seven interviews conducted by Etta-Belle Kitchen in July 1977 and August 1977. The volume contains 427 pages of interview transcript plus an index and appendices. The transcript is copyright 1980 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee has placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on two interviews conducted by Etta-Belle Kitchen in October 1969, the volume contains 278 pages of interview transcript plus an index. The transcript is copyright 1974 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on three interviews conducted by Commander Etta-Belle Kitchen, U.S. Navy (Ret.) from June through October 1969, the volume contains 334 pages of interview transcript plus an index. The transcript is copyright 1974 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on seven interviews conducted by Paul Stillwell from July 1986 to October 1996, the volume contains 534 pages of interview transcript plus a comprehensive index. The transcript is copyright 1997 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee has placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on three interviews conducted by Barrett Tillman in September 1985 and one interview conducted by Paul Stillwell in September 1987. The volume contains 283 pages of interview transcript plus an index. The transcript is copyright 1995 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the interviewee has placed no restrictions on its use.

Based on five interviews conducted by Commander Etta-Belle Kitchen, USN (Ret.), from May through August 1971, the volume contains 393 pages of interview transcript plus an index and appendices. The transcript is copyright 1977 by the U.S. Naval Institute; the restrictions originally placed on the transcript by the interviewee have since been removed.