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By mid-19th century, capitalism had replaced feudalism in many countries. Together with it the proletariat, the most progressive and consistently revolutionary class whose mission was to put an end to exploitation of man by man and establish a new, communist society, emerged on the historical scene. The proletariat''s liberation movement confronted science with the exceptionally important tasks of formulating a scientific theory that would help it accomplish its historic mission and become its ideological weapon in the fight against capitalism, for socialism and communism. Science fulfilled this insistent demand of history: the brilliant leaders of the working class and of all working people, Marx and Engels, evolved Marxism whose component and theoretical foundation is Marxist philosophy, dialectical and historical materialism

Years ago, the controlling view held that the response of the slaves in the United States to their bondage "was one of passivity and docility". That opinion, so decisive a part of the chauvinism afflicting the nation, is shown to be false in this book and in the material accumulated since its initial appearance has further substantiated this thesis; namely, that the African-American people, in slavery, forged a record of discontent and of resistance comparable to that marking the history of any other oppressed people.

The Autobiography of Hugh Mulza.

This book presents the results of Prof. A. D. Speransky''s scientific investigations, including 46 illustrations, on the effects of disease in causing changes in the nervous system.Contrary to the general view that disease arises from the victory of an invading microbe over the defensive resources of the organism, the author argues that not only the course but the cause of the disease changes with every stage. It is a process depending on the interaction of many parts.Speransky''s work in neurophysiology was groundbreaking and is still an important contribution today if     one actually reads and studies his results.His research illustrates the fundamental problem of finding a means to create groupings of nerve combinations in the nervous system without causing a new source of irritation, such as is produced by surgical operation or the introduction of vaccines in the blood. He discusses in detail the valuable results attained in his experiments.

Sidney Finkelstein''s contribution to the understanding of music with Composer and Nation is unusual in some respects, and well worth presenting again to a new audience. Only rarely have recent music writers looked at long spans of history. With the proliferation of scholars and the ever-increasing historical detail available from their work, the task of compiling a one-volume history of music is formidable.Well written, and intended for both the amateur as well as the musician, this volume approaches a time span of 300 years, from 1700 to the present. The presentation avoids detailed analysis of works and does not aim at complete coverage of historical detail. Instead, Finkelstein surveys major details of what is usually called the modern era from an unpretentious sociological premise, namely that musical values and the relationship of the composer to society are reflected in the musical works. It follows then that the structure and texture of the work would reflect the composer''s view of society and that important musical events offer insight into contemporary social and historical currents. Finkelstein presents an outline of the era from the viewpoint of the musical sociologist.His lively writing style, in the best tradition of the amateur, and his observation post-removed from the usual musicological context make this new edition a welcome addition to musical and sociological literature.

The history of Communists and American labor raises three questions. Were the Communists legitimate (or good) trade unionists? Were they an important influence in the labor movement? Were they good Communists? These questions involve matters that go beyond the history of Communists in the auto industry. Consequently, this work does not provide the last word on them. Yet, raising these questions has a point. It enables the expression of views on these questions that differ from others that have been written about Communists and labor and what assumptions lie behind this work. Finally, this book refutes some commonly held ideas about Communists and labor. The introduction also discusses several problems of method: the identification of Communists and the reliability of Communist sources and oral history.

At a time of ever-increasing Black awareness, the importance of men and women who have been influential in the forward movement of Black people must become an integral part of American history. Alphaeus Hunton, in the opinion of many, was such a person.  During 17 years as assistant professor of English at Howard University, he became actively involved on many fronts, identifying with the plight of the working class and seeing no contradiction between his scholarly pursuits and their deplorable conditions. It was the law of his life to give himself unstintingly. He resigned his post in 1943 to become Educational Director and subsequently Executive Secretary of the Council on African Affairs, the most important American organization in the ''40s and ''50s that dealt with the real issues in Africa. For refusing to reveal the names of the contributors to the Civil Rights Bail Fund, he served six months in prison. McCarthy harassment caused the Council to dissolve in 1955, and Dr. Hunton''s Decision in Africa was published in 1957, updated in 1960, and continues to be read by scholars and students in several languages. The Huntons went to Guinea in 1960 at the invitation of the Guinean government, then Ghana, where he worked for five years on the Encyclopedia Africana, which Dr. Du Bois initiated. Deported after the coup which ousted President Kwame Nkrumah, he settled in Zambia where he did research on the history of Zambia''s nationalist movements for President Kenneth Kaunda. His body lies under Zambian soil.