Böcker utgivna av Institute of Physics Publishing

Quantum mechanics has brought revolutionary changes in the conceptual foundations of physics and continues to shape the modern world. In this book, the author''s emphasis is on helping students comprehend the significance of the underlying principles and understand the ways the new concepts were introduced. Including many worked examples and problems, this book will be an invaluable resource for students in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering needing a clear and rigorous introduction to quantum mechanics.

In this book, the author charts the developments in nuclear physics since its inception around a century ago by reviewing the key experiments that helped drive and shape our understanding of the field, especially in the context of the wider developments in physics in the first half of the 20th century.

Infrared thermal imaging is a rapid and non-invasive procedure for mapping skin temperature distribution of the human body. Advanced software and high-resolution infrared detectors has allowed for a renaissance in the use of infrared thermal imaging or thermography in medical research and practice. After a review of theory, technology and methodology of medical infrared imaging, the remainder of the book consists of a collection of clinical case studies demonstrating the wide variety of applications of thermography in modern medicine. The combined expertise from a number of centres is used to create this database of images and cases that will be invaluable for medical researchers and practitioners in making diagnoses and measuring treatment efficacy. This book is recommended reading for practising and training radiographers, medical physicists and clinicians.

Physics of Cancer focuses on the mechanical properties of cancer cells and their role in cancer disease and metastasis. It discusses the role of the mechanical properties of interacting cells and the connective tissue microenvironment and describes the role of an inflammation during cancer disease. This outstanding book is the first to describe cancer disease from a biophysical point of view without being incomplete in describing the biological site of cancer. Originating in part from the author''s own courses on tumor biology and cellular biophysics, this book is suitable for both students and researchers in this dynamic interdisciplinary field, be they from a physical, biological or medical sciences background.

Modern electronics is being transformed as device size decreases to a size where the dimensions are significantly smaller than the constituent electron''s mean free path. In such systems the electron motion is strongly confined resulting in dramatic changes of behaviour compared to the bulk. This book introduces the physics and applications of transport in such mesoscopic and nanoscale electronic systems and devices. The behaviour of these novel devices is influenced by numerous effects not seen in bulk semiconductors, such as the Aharonov-Bohm Effect, disorder and localization, energy quantization, electron wave interference, spin splitting, tunnelling and the quantum hall effect to name a few. Including coverage of recent developments, and with a chapter on carbon-based nanoelectronics, this book will provide a good course text for advanced students or as a handy reference for researchers or those entering this interdisciplinary area.

This book is intended as an introduction to a wide variety of biases affecting human cognition, with a specific focus on how they affect scientists and the communication of science. The role of this book is to lay out how these common biases affect the specific types of judgements, decisions and communications made by scientists.

This book, written by experienced scientists and entrepreneurs, deals with businesses started by scientists based on innovation and sets out to clarify for scientists and engineers the steps necessary to take an idea along the path to commercialization and maximize the potential for success, regardless of the path taken.

Physics of Surface, Interface and Cluster Catalysis reviews the fundamental physics of catalysis from simple surface models through to complex cluster and catalytic structures. It is the first book to provide a coherent collection of the physics of catalysis, and shows how physics has provided and continues to provide clarity and insight into many complex catalysis problems, reviewing both recent developments and prospects for future developments in the field. Physics of Surface, Interface and Cluster Catalysis covers catalytic activity based on band structure, reaction dynamics at the surface and subsurface, reactions on magnetic and paramagnetic surfaces, electrocatalysis and kinetic monte-carlo frameworks, with contributions written by leading researchers from across the world.

Magnetic excitation in geometrically confined systems exhibit many unique and interesting properties. This book reviews magnetic nanoparticles, layered magnets and in quasi-one-dimensional magnets, their properties and applications for data storage or creating engineered composite materials.

Principles ofLightning Physics presents and discusses the most up-to-date physicalconcepts that govern many lightning events in nature, including lightninginteractions with man-made structures, at a level suitable for researchers,advanced students and well-educated lightning enthusiasts.

Fourier optics, being a staple of optical design and analysis for over 50 years, has produced many new applications in recent years. In this text, Bob Tyson presents the fundamentals of Fourier optics with sufficient detail to educate the reader, typically an advanced student or working scientist or engineer, to the level of applying the knowledge to a specific set of design or analysis problems. Instead of presenting complex multipage proofs the key results are presented with appropriate literature references, before proceeding to look at modern applications. This allows readers to take away a solid appreciation of the principles to enable them to appreciate the range of applications and be able to start using Fourier optics in their research or industrial work. Well aware that many of the mathematical techniques used in the field can now be solved digitally, the book will point to those methods or applicable computer software available to the reader.

The applications of nonlinear ultrafast spectroscopy are numerous and widespread, and it is an established and indispensable technique for revealing ultrafast processes in modern material, chemical and biochemical research. Unfortunately, it is also a topic that can be daunting to those meeting it for the first time. Assuming just an understanding of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, and making use of many worked examples and accompanied by MATLAB® codes for numerical simulations of spectra, this book delivers a practical and intuitive introduction to the subject for advanced students and researchers. It will also be useful for practitioners, who are already familiar with the subject, but who want to develop a more conceptual understanding. In this clear text, experienced practitioners present a simple and conceptually intuitive overview of ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy using the formalism of quantum processes and wavepacket dynamics. Using this unified framework, the authors provide the reader with simple analytical models, examples and concepts to understand the workings of nonlinear spectroscopy through a pedagogical and physically intuitive approach. The core of the book is the section on pump-probe spectroscopy, as on understanding its mathematical description, more complex and multidimensional spectroscopies become easily understood derivatives. Readers, once familiar with the material in this text, will be fully equipped with the tools to devise and undertake well reasoned spectroscopic experiments.

Whether you are studying or already using digital imaging techniques, developing proficiency in the subject is not possible without mastering practical skills. In this book, Prof. Yaroslavsky delivers a complete applied course in digital imaging aimed at advanced students and practitioners. Covering all areas of digital imaging, the text provides an outline of outlying principles of each topic while offering more than 80 MATLAB® based exercises. Subjects addressed embrace image digitization (discretization, quantization, compression), digital image formation and computational imaging, image resampling and building continuous image models, image and noise statistical characterization and diagnostics, statistical image models and pattern formation, image correlators for localization of objects, methods of image perfecting (denoising, deblurring), and methods of image enhancement. Key features include: Supports * studying of all aspects of digital imaging from image signal digitization to image parameter estimation, recovery, restoration and enhancement. * MATLAB® source codes for exercises are provided, which readers can modify for their particular needs and tastes, to design new exercises and, in addition, to use them for solving particular image-processing tasks. * Test signals and images provided in the book, as well as methodology of the experiments, will be useful for readers in their further studies and practical work. * Exercises are supported by outlines of the corresponding theory. The book offers a unique combination of exercises, supportive software and data set that can be used not only for studying the subject, but in further practical work.

By colliding heavy ions at nearly the speed of light, scientists are exploring our physical world and conditions at the beginning of the universe. High energy nuclear physics has implications in our understanding of nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, cosmology and condensed-matter physics and this text provides the foundation for a range of graduate students and researchers in both experimental and theoretical high energy nuclear physics and allied fields. This text introduces the subject of relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions and in particular, the subject of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Starting with a conceptual basis for QGP formation in heavy-ion collisions, the author then proceeds to provide a more rigorous foundation by introducing gauge theory, QCD and lattice QCD. These topics are introduced briefly but with sufficient coverage that the reader can comprehend their applications in heavy-ion collisions. Two-particle correlation (Hanbury-Brown-Twiss) method and recent advances in hydrodynamical modelling, including event-by-event hydrodynamics are also discussed, bringing the coverage up to the leading areas of current research.

The primary aim of the book is the understanding of the foundations of classical and modern physics, while their application to celestial mechanics is used to illustrate these concepts. The accompanying simulation programs create vivid and lasting impressions of the investigated phenomena, and provide students and their instructors with a powerful tool to explore basic concepts that are difficult to study and teach in an abstract conventional manner.

Renewable energy is a fast-expanding field, welcomed by many as part of the answer to climate change and energy security concerns; but can renewables deliver enough energy reliably and economically? Rapid expansion continues in the area of renewable energy, with wind capacity expected to double over the next five years and PV solar perhaps treble in the same period. There have been some dramatic projections of potential expansion longer term, with some studies now suggesting that renewables could supply all, or nearly all, electricity needs globally and perhaps also all energy needs by 2050. In this book, David Elliott conveys the sense of excitement that abounds in this new area of technological development not only reviewing the basic technological options and how renewable technologies are being implemented and used around the world, but also considers the problems, including local environmental impacts and the need to deal with the variability of some renewable energy sources. Dividing the renewable energy supply options into those based on mechanical power, heat and light it also looks at some related energy-conversion options, including fuel cells, heat pumps and cogeneration/combined heat and power. The author explores how these new sources can be integrated and used together with technologies for reducing energy waste and demand to replace conventional energy sources and ensure a balance of supply and demand. After reviewing the renewable energy options, the book then considers implementation and policy issues, including storage and grid balancing; aspects that will play a critical role in the creation of sustainable, clean and viable renewable energy solutions. This is not a textbook - there are plenty available - instead the book reviews what is happening across this field at this time of great change and rapid development. Supplemented with many case studies and links to information sources, this book will be essential reading for scientists, engineers, policymakers and anybody involved with, or interested in, the implementation of green and renewable energy technologies, and the environmental aspects of modern energy demands.