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The Winter Olympics uses sports to achieve society's welfare and unite all races, nations, and other peaceful and friendly purposes. The sports program, in turn, attracts the masses through the Winter Olympics, thus generating different values and conditions. The rise of sports programs relies on the country and is closely related to the level of development of the country's overall strength. The government uses the opportunity of the Winter Olympics bid to promote the country's stability, efficiently spread the country's culture, and enhance the related economic, athletic, and technological conditions. But with much attention, the advantages will be infinitely magnified. At the same time, the disadvantages are also exposed in full view of the public. The surrounding environment is a crucial part of the development of sports programs, distinguishing between internal and external. From the point of view of the impact of the country on the Olympic Games held on domestic sports, it is worth acknowledging the positive impact on the country in the first place. However, a standard comparison between our ice and snow projects and summer projects shows that winter projects are always at a disadvantage. From the point of view of the development of the project itself, the competitiveness of the project and its influence are not obvious enough. From the perspective of global sports development, the global new crown epidemic has forced sports events to be put on hold. Whichever way you look at it, the road to ice and snow in China is still long.

This book is devoted to various forms of autonomous driving (AD) that will drastically transform the transportation of people and goods and enable urban areas to be redesigned, creating more livable and enjoyable spaces, thus meeting several demands simultaneously. Artificial intelligence (AI) takes a prominent position among the technological contributions making automated and connected driving safe, comfortable, efficient, and affordable. AI has found applications in various domains, from safety systems and simulation to monitoring the status of the driver and passengers. Some of these innovative aspects are discussed in this work.The as-yet unresolved technical challenges and constant endeavours around the world to advance this exciting technology have motivated the creation of this book. The book is structured into eight consequential chapters. It highlights the importance of control engineering, recent advances in environment sensing and perception, in-vehicle architectures, and reliable power computing as well as active and functional safety in AD. There is also a strong focus on validating and testing AD functions. The work concludes with a sample of relevant industry-driven research projects and industrial initiatives.The authors firmly believe that this book on the application of AI in autonomous vehicles (AV) provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging technical challenges in the field and gives invaluable insights into industrial demands. The authors also hope the reader will be inspired by the collection of technical articles, selected project summaries, and introductions to renowned national and international initiatives.

This book will discuss the concepts of Metaverse and NFTs, which are currently under intense discussion. There are a lot of opportunities to explore in this field, but at the same time, the development of this field in china also faces very strict regulation. Under such circumstances, it is especially important to find a new breakthrough. Starting from the current developments, i will analyze these concepts and future direction of the industry as well as the corresponding regulation by combining a range of sources and some of my experiences. At the same time, i will compare the development of this industry in some other countries such as United States. In order to complete a further analysis of the development of this industries in China. The book also include some case studies. For example, i searched for the popular programming community applications in China and made a multi-dimensional comparison. I also looked for these companies target companies in United States. To look for differences in the development of certain industries in China and abroad. The full book is divided into two parts: the development of the Metaverse and the development of the NFTs in China.

This book systematically explores climate limits and climate change impacts on plant distribution, especially in China. It involves not only the establishment work flow of related methods such as climatically suitable habitat mapping, limiting climatic factor mapping, climatic niche dynamics assessment, multi-components vulnerability assessment, range shift velocity estimation in three geographical dimensions, but also discusses how climate controls the geographical distribution of plants in China? How specie climatic niche dynamics during afforestation around the world? How does climate change affect the multi-components vulnerability of plants? How does climate change affect the local species extinction risk, species turnover rate and species gain rate and species loss rate of plants in China? How climate change affects species range shift velocity (direction and speed) in China? It also mapped physical based climate change velocity in China for 13 climatic variables, and compared the difference between species velocity and temperature velocity. Besides, the book explores the climate and other factors impact on distribution pattern of seed plant richness in China at province scale, as well as climate change driven range shift of vegetation zone and climatic niche shift of vegetation greenness at regional scale. Various simulation studies will deepen our understanding of the biological and ecological processes on plants limit boundary and range shift. The book should sever as an beneficial book for all those who are interested in plant distribution, climate change ecology, biogeography, climate change adaptation forest management, vegetation restoration and conservation.

Water quality has been a global concern due to its scarcity as well as it is direct effects on wellbeing and food production. Therefore, many studies have been addressing this matter in order to address the consequences left behind. Consider the harmful effects of polluted water moving uninterrupted over vast distances and through countless homes. The water we drink, cook with, and bathe in would not be safe requiring an immediate response in order to reduce the damage as a direct result of the pollution. The aim of this study was to develop models that could evaluate the microbial water contamination by understanding its pattern and thus predicting its behavior in advance based on spatiotemporal analysis and time series analysis. The goal of this study is to (a) understand the relevant factors that could precede the microbial contamination and their impact on spreading the contamination. (b) predict and forecast the future values of Coliform. Coliform and E.coli are types of bacterium where their presence in water is considered as a potential and/or extreme health hazard that may cause food poisoning. I have used and analyzed water quality parameters trends from 2015 to 2021 by using seasonal trend decomposition of time series plots in order to understand the behavior of Coliform through water distribution system allocating at different places across New York that are previously detected with E.coli. Three models are developed in order to predict the contamination with Coliform for all sites for the next 15 months. The machine learning algorithms are Holt-winters method, ETS, and seasonal ARIMA. Seasonal ARIMA model achieved better accuracy compared to other models.

Wind energy is both clean and appropriate. It is one of the tests for the development of renewable energy resources. Converting wind kinetic energy into electric energy is a complex process that involves aerodynamics and mechanical systems. This book delves into lightning protection for wind turbine systems and the mitigation process. It offers a thorough examination of mitigation strategies, system configuration, and control systems.

Rob Conners is back, more lonely and cynical than ever. After helping some greenhorns move their cattle up north, and almost losing his hide in the process, Conners becomes entangled in a plot involving the strangest Montana Ranger everyone had heard of but nobody knew. It will take some quick thinking, fast shooting, and new friends to get Conners-and the Ranger-out of this mess. About the author: Mark Lewis is a native Texan, a trained historian with experience with cattle. He has travelled extensively, and lived almost 20 years outside America, having lived and taught in England, South Korea, and China. He currently resides in Thailand, where he continues to teach and write freelance articles.

Demand for energy and its resources are increasing every day due to the rapid growth of population and urbanization. As the major conventional energy resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas are on the verge of getting depleted in this century, biomass, which is an important renewable energy resource, can be used to produce renewable bioenergy (i.e., heat and electricity), biochemical and biofuels. However, the use of biomass for energy, fuels and chemicals production has generated significant concerns across the globe, especially in developing nations, due to the shortage of food and cultivable land and extremely high population density. This has led to the use of non-edible biomass resources such as Karanja, Jatropha, Neem, Mahua, and Sorghum. These biomass resources are widely used for extracting bio-oil in countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and Sri Lanka. However, after the extraction of bio-oil, a significant portion of biomass is left as a residual waste and generally referred as Press Seed Cake (PSC). These PSCs, despite having a very high organic content, are currently being landfilled. The current work focuses on the thermochemical conversion of PSCs with an aim to produce bioenergy, biochemical and biofuels. The present study has utilized PSC generated from Karanja, Mahua, Neem and Sorghum. Thermochemical conversion processes that include torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction have been investigated in detail. The focus of the thesis is therefore to study the thermochemical conversion of PSC produced from lignocellulosic biomass regardless of the type of original plant source.

"Kapampángans are killing Kapampángans. Not by guns nor swords, nor weapons of any kind... but by linguicide."- Kevin Montalbo This book mainly tackles the endangerment of Kapampangan as one of the regional languages in the Philippines. Indung Kapampangan is home to the Austronesian language known as the Kapampangan. The Philippines' northern island of Luzon is where the homeland of the Kapampángan is situated. Its center is the province of Pampanga, which encompasses Bulacan, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, and the southern portion of Tarlac. Since approximately 2 million people speak Kapampangan, the language does not initially appear to be in danger. However, a language's population alone cannot determine if it is endangered. Studying its in-depth factors, the Kapampangan language is gradually being forgotten as a mother tongue, is dying, and is in terminal decline, particularly in highly urbanized cities of Pampanga.The primary goal of this paper is to determine the factors contributing to the endangerment of the language, specifically to the Junior High School students at Systems Plus College Foundation. The respondents' demographic profiles (age, city/municipality, and family status quo), as well as the nine predicting factors (Intergenerational Language transmission, Absolute numbers of speakers, Proportion of speakers within the total population, Loss of existing language domains, Response to new domains and media, Accessibility of written materials for language education and literacy, Governmental and institutional language attitudes and policies, Community members attitude towards their own language, and Amount and quality of documentation), were observed.

With the rapid development of military and aerospace industries, the performance requirements of numerical control equipment are constantly improving. Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) has the advantages of high speed and high precision. Meanwhile, it overcomes the influence of various factors in the intermediate links such as the screw and gear in the rotating motor. Therefore, PMLSM has very important value in high-precision industrial servo applications that require high-precision linear servo drivers. This book mainly introduces the intelligent vector control strategy and sensorless control strategy of PMLSM. Compared with the traditional control strategy, the intelligent vector control strategy of the motor can better improve the control performance of the motor. In modern motor control systems, many new intelligent vector control strategies have been proposed. This paper focuses on the sliding mode control strategy, model predictive control strategy, adaptive control strategy, active disturbance rejection control strategy and model free control strategy of PMLSM. Relying on the mathematical model of PMLSM, the formula derivation of the above intelligent control strategies is explained in detail, and the system block diagram is drawn to help readers better understand the basic working principle of these intelligent control strategies. In the control system of the motor, in order to achieve better control performance, accurate speed information and mover position information of the PMLSM are required. The traditional collection of speed information and mover position information is realized by adding mechanical sensors, but the addition of mechanical sensors will lead to an increase in the cost of the motor. Meanwhile, the size and weight of the motor will be affected, and there will be some additional interference factors, which will have a certain impact on the control performance of the motor. In order to make the motor get rid of the dependence on mechanical sensors, the sensorless control strategy is introduced into the motor control system, and the position information and speed information of the motor are estimated through a certain control algorithm. At present, the common sensorless control strategies are high-frequency signal injection method and fundamental back EMF observation method. This paper introduces the design of the sliding mode observation method, the observation method based on the model reference adaptive system and the observation method based on the extended Kalman filter algorithm. The above sensorless control strategies are introduced in detail through the corresponding formula derivation and system block diagram.

Deep learning enables a model constituted by multiple processing layers to learn the data representation with multiple levels of abstraction. In the past decade, deep learning has brought remarkable achievements in many fields of machine learning and pattern recognition, especially in image processing. The state-of-the-art performance in image super-resolution reconstruction, image classification, target detection, image retrieval and other image processing tasks have been greatly improved. This book introduces these image processing technologies based on deep learning, including recent advances, applications in real scenes and future trends. The first chapter introduces image super-resolution reconstruction, which aims to recover high-resolution images from corresponding low-resolution versions. This chapter reviews these image super-resolution methods based on convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks on account of internal network structure. The second chapter presents four categories of few-shot image classification algorithms: transfer learning based, meta-learning based, data augmentation based, and multimodal based methods. In the third chapter, deep learning based models for small target detection in video are summarized in detail, which are categorized into one-stage models and two-stage models according to the detection stages. The network structures and plug-in modules for video based small target detection are also explained. The fourth chapter discusses deep learning based cross-modal hashing for image retrieval methods, including the extraction of high-level semantic information and the maintenance of similarity between different mo

With English being the world's lingua franca, the demand to improve English language education has never been greater. As a result, substantial changes have occurred in how English is taught and learned. Thus, the emergence of new methodologies throughout the world is expanding and continuously developing in order to provide suitable and effective strategies. Although English is not the most commonly spoken language on the planet, it is without a doubt the most influential. This study employed an evaluative correlational technique to determine whether code-switching has a substantial influence on the English academic performance of grade 12 students at Systems Plus College Foundation.

All mineral raw materials located near the surface can be exploited on the surface immediately. The basic characteristic of surface exploitation is the use of high productivity machines for digging, loading and transporting both tailings and useful mineral raw materials. Machines used for transportation can be used to transport tailings to a landfill or to transport useful mineral raw materials to a processing plant. In addition, this paper also contains a section on the chimney transport of tailings and mineral raw materials in surface mines. In this paper, only discontinuous equipment is described, which is used for digging, loading and transport in surface mines. In addition, this paper describes the use of GPS on the discontinuous equipment of the Banovici Brown Coal Mine and the use of GPS on the continuous equipment of the Dubrave Lignite Mine.

The present examination manages the investigation of the impact of presenting a little part of residue, by volume, to the fluid in a squeeze film on the thick protection from an unfaltering moving plate. Articulations are gotten for the fluid-stage and the residue stage velocity dispersions and the residue molecule number thickness. Investigation dependent on an iterative system demonstrates that the protection from movement experienced by the moving plate increments because of the nearness of residue. The squeeze film conduct between pivoting annular plates was investigated hypothetically when the bended upper plate with a uniform porous confronting drew nearer the impermeable and level lower plate, considering magnetic fluid grease within the sight of an outside magnetic field diagonal to the plates. Articulations were acquired for weight and load capacity; and reaction time is given by a differential condition. The increments in weight and load capacity depended uniquely on the polarization. In either case, the time of expansion depended on the charge, the fluid inactivity and the speed of rotation of the plates. The numerical pattern of ferrofluid greased up the level (parallel) of the annular circles (plates or surfaces) of the compressed film bearing is created with the impact of the porosity on the upper plate, the circumferential or elongated hardness on the lower circle and the dramatically factor magnetic field. The truth of Darcy's law is accepted as a fragile matrix. The subsequent modified Reynolds-Darcy situation is unraveled as far as Bessel's work is concerned. Articulations for dimensionless load-bearing capability shall be developed and registered.

Writers are considered the hallmarks of a culture as they speak of and for the culture. At times, they may be credited with accolades. However, at the same time some are gifted notoriety under the garlands of "Enemies of Native Culture"; promoting a negative image of the land to appease the "funders". Pakistani English literati and authors are not exempted to the infamous title either. The leading reason, among many, is the region's nostalgia with the past values and the fear of being contaminated with apparently foul Western values. Implying, whenever the realistic portrayal is drawn of the social issues actually prevalent in the region; is discarded since it is against the glorified version of the reality. The book explores the issue with a particular concern towards presence of any authorial anxiety in producing the literature.

Translation has been a "catalyst" that effected political and social change in different countries. Yet, by the same token, translation can also be manipulated to subvert the source text and the authority of the original author. While many studies focus on the aspect of translation that typically involves a stronger culture manipulating the text of a weaker culture, this book presents two studies that demonstrate this is not confined to any single culture, either strong or weak, nor to a certain period of time in history. By drawing examples from translations between Chinese and English/ Japanese in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, this book calls for more studies of translation from a strong culture into a weak or unstable culture. Such studies would provide further evidence for the postulate discussed herein, namely, that the shaping force of translation is an inherent feature of translation that includes but also goes beyond the strong-weak cultural paradigm.A case in point is Liang Qichao's translation and translingual practice. The late Qing period (1893 -1911) in China was a period of profound turmoil caused by an internal political and social crisis and the external threat of Western and Japanese powers. After the failure of the Hundred Days Reform (from June 11 to September 21, 1898), many Western ways of thinking were introduced to China from Japan. Liang Qichao (February 23, 1873 - January 19, 1929) was a central figure in bringing in new ideas and Western concepts through his translations of Japanese writings. Being one of the modern Chinese pioneers who was fully committed to learning from the West, Liang's thoughts on translations.

Current Learner-based video communication designs involve human-machine relationships that involve communication between actors at different hierarchical levels, either vertically in a top-down or bottom-up manner, or form part of horizontal communication processes which expect changes in the practices of audiences as direct effects of video on the audience. This notion downplays the contributions of various system design inputs towards functionalities and outcomes of learner-based video communication system design in literature. The contributions of system design inputs by social, technical and contextual subsystems towards behaviors of video communication system design are examined in mathematical models as outputs of sub-subsystems that feed major subsystems towards innovative outcomes of video. The functionality of learner-based video communication system design was derived from mathematical models that showed views of various system design inputs including: (1) social, technical and contextual subsystems which contributed towards outcome, (2) audiences and non-audiences which impacted negatively on general system behaviors whenever video operated solely as a technical product or process, and (3) influences of the shared contexts of video and audiences which constituted external design inputs that generated risks towards technological failures of video, and thereby posed limits to the system design and altered achievement of desired system goals. The models of the system design extend principles in socio-technical systems and social construction of technology theories, and expand the general body of knowledge and prior research work in Science and Technology Studies.

The relationship between language and mind remains one of the most hotly debated questions in linguistics. The publication of some fundamental works by G. Lakoff, M. Johnson, R. Gibbs and other scholars gave rise to cognitive paradigm in linguistics which includes studies into language semantics and a new approach to figurative language. If we realize that mind is embodied, we'll understand the relations between mind and body. Cognitive researchers see the connection between the physical action and the mental representation by means of metaphorical formations. They assume that conceptual metaphors are grounded in bodily experience. Folklore in general and German folklore in particular is of interest because it presents an ancient form of people's creativity, phantasy, poetry, dreams and it is abundant in figurative language. The metaphorical extensions in the German folklore are based on the fairy tales collected by Grimm brothers during nearly fifty years (1812 - 1857).Some objects have hollow space that can be filled by other objects or substances. This experience gives rise to CONTAINER schema with a boundary separating the inner side from the outer one. All the CONTAINER schemas serve as a large source domain for various conceptual metaphors. The present investigation seeks to categorize the metaphorical body containers and to provide the empirical support for the existence of the interrelation between bodily experience and mind. This book will be useful to those who start studies in cognitive science and to all those who are interested in linguistics and in German folklore.

Due to the accelerated growth of electricity demand, the scarcity of primary resources to produce electricity, and technological advances in recent years, electricity companies must face and solve these challenges in the best possible way, and for that, the Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) plays a crucial role, since the decisions taken in long term planning determine the optimal form of expansion of the networks, to respond to these needs of electricity demands. On the other hand, there is also the tendency to leave the TNEP problem more efficient, robust, and closer to to what happens in real electrical networks. For these reasons, this article proposes a methodology to solve the TNEP problem considering active power losses. On the other hand, is developed a modeling and solution approach to the static and multistage transmission network expansion planning problem considering series capacitive compensation and active power losses. The transmission network expansion planning is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem and solved through a highly efficient genetic algorithm. Furthermore, the Villasana Garver's constructive heuristic algorithm is implemented to render the configurations of the genetic algorithm feasible. The installation of series capacitive compensation devices is carried out with the aim of modifying the reactance of the original circuit. The linearization of active power losses is done through piecewise linear functions.

In this review, different types of electrolytes and their electrical and mechanical properties have been reported and studied to evaluate their effect on LIB performance. It was noticed that the electrolyte component and solvent in polymer electrolytes have a great influence on the ionic conductivity, Li+ migration, interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrode, mechanical properties, and the performance of the entire battery. The morphology of incorporated additive materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanofillers, salt, etc.) may well contribute to the amelioration of the ion transport pathway, which raises the lithium-ion conductivity. A basic understanding of the chemical reaction routes and the electrolyte structure would facilitate innovation in the battery. The structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of new promising materials should be investigated in advance for application in advanced lithium-ion batteries. The electrochemical behavior is inextricably related to the structure. IL-based solid polymer electrolytes appear as a promising material for long-term lithium-ion batteries despite showing low ionic conductivity but exhibiting more advantages than conventional carbonate electrolytes such as good safety, stability, good electrochemical performance, good mechanical stability, and enhanced energy density. Since solid electrolytes exhibit low ionic conductivity, ILs used in SPEs increased their conductivity. In a battery, porous materials appear to offer good properties in terms of lithium ionic conductivity, with no leakage and low interface resistance, and gel-based LIBs demonstrate a good working performance, long cycling life, and high energy density. Good polymer electrolytes need to be highly conductive, safe, highly mechanically and thermally stable, and easy for film formation.

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild febrile illness and cough up to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and death. Data from patients with severe clinical manifestations compared to patients with mild symptoms indicate that highly dysregulated exuberant inflammatory responses correlate with severity of disease and lethality. Epithelial-immune cell interactions and elevated cytokine and chemokine levels, i.e. cytokine storm, play a central role in severity and lethality in COVID-19. Recognition by innate Pattern-recognition receptors (PPRs) and activation of central cellular signal transduction pathways were shown to play a central role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The impact and interplay of different additional factors, such as age, comorbidities, endemic infections with the underlying immune pathological mechanisms for COVID-19 are discussed and provide a better understanding of the disease and the development of new targets for more efficient treatment strategies. Importantly, different SARS-CoV-2 variants were found to differ in their engagement of various signalling pathways correlating with differences in their cellular tropism and pathologies. Finally, by using selected parts of the virus for immunization various very rare vaccination-associated side effects can imitate the picture of a limited COVID-19 pathological pattern. The present collection provides an excellent integrated overview on central cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in COVID-19 as well as in rare vaccination-associated side effects.

This qualitative research work attempts to improve my teacher development through self-reflection process. Reflection is not an easy exercise to do. It requires from us objectivity, and to keep in mind what exactly we need to change or improve. This study aimed to contribute to this line of research by examining my own teaching practices, students´ perception about teacher and English class at public school in Malambo, Colombia. The interviews, class observations, journals, document analysis were helpful instruments to develop this autoethnography inquiry. The analysis of these instruments revealed that as English teacher I have great acceptance by students. Besides, the findings reveal that teacher's attitude and personality influence on student's English learning. On the other hand, as teacher, I need to keep in mind some aspects that influence in our performance. The socio-affective factors, the standards, students learning style, the specific school and context requirements play an important role when as teacher planning the classes. Topics can be more interesting, and meaningful if these are developed in real communicative way. This inquiry as initial phase of a future action research.

General relativity has so far passed all experimental tests, with some of the most stringent tests in strong fields coming from observations of pulsars - rotating neutron stars that form from the collapsed cores of massive stars during supernovae. Such compact objects contain the densest form of matter in the observable universe, and therefore produce a strong gravitational field in their vicinity. The excellent rotational stability of pulsars makes them powerful tools for studying a wide range of topics in fundamental physics. This dissertation investigates four aspects using the new generation of radio telescopes: (1) constraining the dense matter equation of state by measuring the moment of inertia of neutron stars, (2) testing higher-order gravitational light propagation effects in the Double Pulsar system using observations from the MeerKAT telescope, (3) prospects of testing scalar-tensor gravity using pulsar-white dwarf system and hypothetical pulsar-black hole systems, and (4) recent advances in the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves using pulsar timing arrays and efforts to improve it.

Abundant literature has demonstrated the critical institutional and social impacts on board gender diversity. This study applies the evolutionary cognitive theory that emerged in neuroscience to explain how the millions of years of evolutionary history have shaped gender cognitions more significantly than the thousands of years of institutional tradition. We conjecture that the labor role division between women as mothers and men as hunters over a deep-long evolutionary history has a profound impact on human neural mechanisms. Such division has led to the following cognitive differences between genders and contributed to the current gender gap on boards: 1) women's focus on building relationships versus men's focus on building tools; 2) women's strong sense of fairness and social compliance versus men's strong drive to win; and 3) women's risk-conservativeness versus men's risk-aggression. Using the U.S. data in 2016 and 2020, we investigate the competing effects on board gender composition between business sectors aligned with gender cognitions and the left-wing and right-wing sociopolitical region as a proxy for institutional variance. Our study results show that women are better represented on boards in the sectors that are people-oriented and more economically stable and are less represented in the sectors that are tool oriented and more economically volatile. The finding suggests that evolutionary cognition has strong explanatory power for women's under-representation on boards than social roles. Our study sheds light on the research of corporate governance and calls for more proactive approaches to improve board gender diversity for the long r

My name is Ivan Milosevic, and I am a 50 years old MD, primary care physician, from Kragujevac, Serbia.In this small book, I will represent you some my thinkings through four sections.The first section is dedicated to scientific people who are potential interested to find reliable tumormaker for early diagnosis of microcellular lung cancer.The second section is dedicated to scientific people who are potential interested in some approaches how to outsmart malignant cells.The third section is dedicated to scientific people who are searching for new approaches in understanding of essential hypertension.The fourth section is dedicated for everybody who have intention to protect their health.

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use research is an important area in India, however it is under-researched. Substance abuse has always been viewed as a "male problem," obscuring the issues faced by female users. Although it is widely accepted that men are more likely than women to abuse substances, it is important to recognize that it is a significant public health issue in women as well. The characteristics of women substance abusers are significantly different than their male counterparts. Women's social implications, disadvantages, and subjugation, on one hand, and rapid socio-cultural and economic advancements, on the other, have had a huge impact on women, resulting in addiction. Different geographical regions of India have a diverse spectrum of cultural and traditional beliefs. When it comes to Assam, it has a reputation for AOD abuse from a statistical point of view. There are various tribes residing in the state who consider the brewing and consumption of alcohol to be a part of their culture. Assam falls among the top ten states of India which has a very high number of cannabis abusers. With this in mind, a study was conducted to look into the circumstances of women in Assam that led to their addiction, the various elements of their lives that it has affected, their support systems and treatment facilities that they have used, and relapse episodes that they have experienced. The findings of the study could lead to the development of a gender-sensitive approach to understanding and treating female AOD users. Further consequences could include a holistic enhancement of accessible treatment options for AOD addiction in Assam.

The book, consolidating participatory democracy in Africa: the Nigeria experience is an attempt by the Author to bring to fore some of the salient challenges facing the practice of democracy in Africa and Nigeria in particular. The aim is to create a continuous dialogue around the issues of participatory democracy in Nigeria with a view of finding a lasting solution to these issues in order to bring about an enduring democratic values and practice in Nigeria and the African continent as a whole.

Stellar Evolution describes the origin of a star during its course of time. Every star has its lifetime, and it takes many more years to die. The star has been made up of dust and clouds especially helium and hydrogen gases. The primary objective of writing this book is to provide basic knowledge of the process of stellar evolution. The readers can easily understand the life of a star from its origin to death. The book completely provides the facts and information regarding the stars, and planets and explained the conceptual theories. The book is based on theoretical explanations of the facts provided by the scientist.

The present shape of the book is based on my experience, extending over a long period of teaching Mathematics to under-graduate and post-graduate students of different colleges and universities. It is a self-contained textbook, designed for undergraduate students, who have mathematics as one of their subsidiary subjects. This book covers the different numerical methods, which are useful to solve algebraic and transcendental equations, systems of linear algebraic equations, and ordinary differential equations (initial value problems), and also covers the different strategies of numerical integration. This book contains various solved examples and a large number of standard unsolved questions that are given as exercise at the end of each chapter. In this book, each chapter contains the different MCQs, which are helpful for various competitive examinations of central and state services.

Outliers have been regarded as the noisy data in statistics which have now turned out to be an important problem and are now been researched in diverse fields and application domains. Outlier detection has been in core interest of not only the statisticians but all the professionals who are working on a particular data set. Many outlier detection techniques have been developed specific to certain application domains, while some techniques are more generic. This work has added one more technique to the bucket list of all those professionals. Power mean which has been used as a general method to calculate various means like arithmetic mean (power mean with power 1), geometric mean (power mean with power 0), Lorentz mean (power mean with power 1/3) etc. can also be used to detect the sensitivity of the data towards being the outlier. This work studies various powers of power mean for outlier detection. It contains two different data sets, one containing fractions and the other integers. The results have been verified by the existing standard techniques of outlier detection. Thus this book contains description of detecting outliers using power mean with different types of data sets, graphs and figures for better understanding. The idea is to check the efficacy of the method using a data set in which the outlier or the anomaly is already known and then testing the same method for a data set in which the outliers are not known to us. The open research issues and challenges at the end will provide researchers a clear path for the future of outlier detection methods. The book would be useful for practitioners of applied statistics and data analysts.