The year 2022 has been declared by the United Nations as the "International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development". Sustainable development is focused on the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals. These require the use of basic sciences. This edited book (volume 1) is a collection of twelve invited and peer-reviewed contributions from chemistry, materials science, energy applications, and artificial intelligence.
How were Aristotle's Sophistical Refutations read in Antiquity? What were the perceived intentions, messages and problems of this treatise, the last within the Organon? This book presents newly discovered fragments from the lost ancient commentaries by Aspasios, Herminos, Alexander and Syrianos on Aristotle's Sophistical Refutations. After presenting the fragments, which were preserved by the humanist and philosopher Agostino Nifo (ca. 1473-1538), the introduction makes the case for their authenticity. There follows an edition of the fragments, accompanied by a translation and detailed commentary. This material sheds new light on the history and philosophy of logic, and especially on the theory of fallacies. It further documents how the Sophistical Refutations were interpreted and used in ancient Aristotelianism. Finally, it complements our knowledge of the philosophy of two major Aristotelians, Herminos and his pupil, the great Alexander of Aphrodisias. This study is of immediate relevance to readers with an interest in philosophy, logic, history, and/or Greco-Roman antiquity. Because it concerns the use and abuse of fallacies, and ways to counteract them, it also has countless practical applications in all fields of mundane life.
Nonlinear functional analysis is a central subject of mathematics with applications in many areas of geometry, analysis, fl uid and elastic mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, control theory, optimization, game theory, economics etc. This work is devoted, in a self-contained way, to several subjects of this topic such as theory of accretive operators in Banach spaces, theory of abstract Cauchy problem, metric and topological fixed point theory. Special emphasis is given to the study how these theories can be used to obtain existence and uniqueness of solutions for several types of evolution and stationary equations. In particular, equations arising in dynamical population and neutron transport equations are discussed.
This hand book is concerned with optical imaging - from simple pinhole cameras to complex imaging systems. It spans the range all the way from optical physics to technical optics. Based on ray- and wave-optical approaches complemented by principles of Fourier optics, the book discusses the process of imaging from the beginning until image capture where, in particular, the different topics are well integrated with each other. Different imaging systems and sensors are reviewed as well as lenses and aberrations, image intensification and processing. The second and enlarged edition has been updated by actual developments and complemented by the topic of smart phone camera photography. The latter plays an important role today in the field of optical imaging and represents a fully integrated optical system with potential for further new developments. For physicists, natural scientists, engineers, photographers and microscopists on one side and students of physics, natural sciences or engineering in general on the other side, the books provides an introduction into the complex field of optical imaging. For all of them with practical experience the book conveys a deeper insight into the intricacies and quality assessment of their daily used devices.
This volume provides a highly needed, comprehensive analysis of Kant's views on proofs for God's existence and explains the radical turns of Kant's accounts. In the "Theory of Heavens" (1755), Kant intended to harmonize the Newtonian laws of motion with a physicotheological argument for the existence of God. But only a few years later, in the "Ground of Proof" essay (1763), Kant defended an ontological ('possibility' or 'modal') argument on the basis of its logical exactitude. Nevertheless he continued to praise the physicotheological argument. In the first "Critique" (1781/7), Kant replaced the traditional constitutive proofs with regulative theoretical and practical arguments. He continued to defend a moral argument in the second "Critique" (1788). But in the third "Critique" (1790), Kant reintroduced a physicotheological besides an ethicotheological argument in order to unify the critical system of philosophy. Kant developed further moral arguments in the "Theodicy" essay (1791) and the "Religion" (1793/4), and still continued to discuss proofs for God's existence in the "OP" (1796-1804). This volume speaks to Kant specialists in the fields of philosophy and theology, but can be used also as an introduction for non-academic readers.
The volume "Nanocomposite and Nanohybrid Materials: Processing and Applications" is an outstanding resource for exploring the findings and recent trends of nanocomposites and nanohybrid materials. Herein, a full grasp of cutting-edge research, new technologies, and exciting opportunities linked with nanocomposites and nanohybrids. Nanomaterials, including their synthesis, development, and advanced properties, are thoroughly investigated. Several processes for preparing nanomaterials are presented to the reader, along with their characteristics and development phase. It offers the latest applications of nanoparticles for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders and their use in biological imaging and targeted cancer treatments. This provides a strong basis for future study and innovation in this intriguing issue that is very important to methodology, qualitative approaches, and applications.
The book offers an examination of issues, institutions and actors that have become central to Muslim life in the region. Focusing on leadership, authority, law, gender, media, aesthetics, radicalization and cooperation, it offers insights into processes that reshape power structures and the experience of being Muslim. It makes room for perspectives from the region in an academic world shaped by scholarship mostly from Europe and America.
The book explores Peirce's non standard thoughts on a synthetic continuum, topological logics, existential graphs, and relational semiotics, offering full mathematical developments on these areas. More precisely, the following new advances are offered: (1) two extensions of Peirce's existential graphs, to intuitionistic logics (a new symbol for implication), and other non-classical logics (new actions on nonplanar surfaces); (2) a complete formalization of Peirce's continuum, capturing all Peirce's original demands (genericity, supermultitudeness, reflexivity, modality), thanks to an inverse ordinally iterated sheaf of real lines; (3) an array of subformalizations and proofs of Peirce's pragmaticist maxim, through methods in category theory, HoTT techniques, and modal logics. The book will be relevant to Peirce scholars, mathematicians, and philosophers alike, thanks to thorough assessments of Peirce's mathematical heritage, compact surveys of the literature, and new perspectives offered through formal and modern mathematizations of the topics studied.
The International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA - UNESCO chair), University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin, and the Center for Applied Mathematics of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nis, CAM-FMEN, organized a webinar on Mathematics for human flourishing in the time of COVID-19 and post COVID-19, 21 October 2020, supported by the City of Nis. The objectives of the webinar were to give precise information about the work that scientists do to cure the disease, to push forward technology, to understand our society and create new expressions of humanity, and to question the role of mathematics in the responses to this pandemic.
Dieses Buch dient der Vorbereitung fur den Teil der Staatsprufung, der von vielen Kandidaten als besonders angsterregend angesehen wird. Einige allgemeine Bemerkungen uber die mundliche Prufung und die Situation, in der sich der Kandidat befindet, geben konkrete Handlungsanweisungen fur alle Arten der mundlichen Prufung. Sodann werden einige Prufungsgesprache skizziert. Dabei handelt es sich nicht um "e;echte Prufungsgesprache"e;, sondern es sind fingierte, die zudem die Wiederholung des Pflichtfachstoffs ermoglichen sollen. Die Neuauflage geht auf Gesetzesanderungen und aktuelle Prufungsbedingungen ein. Sie wurde zudem erganzt um einen Teil zum Kurzvortrag im mundlichen Examen, den inzwischen mehrere Bundeslander eingefuhrt haben.
Wolff's book defends the Kantian idea of a "general logic" whose principles underlie special systems of deductive logic. It thus undermines "logical pluralism," which tolerates the co-existence of divergent systems of modern logic without asking for consistent common principles. Part I of Wolff's book identifies the formal language in which the most general principles of logic must be expressed. This language turns out to be a version of syllogistic language already used by Aristotle. The universal validity of logical principles, as well as the translatability of other logical languages into this language, are shown to depend only on the meanings of its logical vocabulary. Part II of the book answers the metalogical question concerning the deductive relation between general logic and special logical systems, which also have their own (less general) principles. This part identifies the rules according to which logical rules can be derived from principles. The main result of the book is that the highest principles of logic and metalogics are provided by the syllogistic, when properly understood.
Volume 3 From Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments to Zinc Sulfi de Pigments With contributions on various industrially important dyes, inorganic pigments and organic pigments A comprehensive overview on all important dyes, inorganic and organic pigments supplemented by information on all relevant applications and color fundamentals The chapters are clearly structured and arranged in alphabetical order in the 3-volumes.
This book is intended to be used as a rather informal, and surely not complete, textbook on the subjects indicated in the title. It collects my Lecture Notes held during three academic years at the University of Siena for a one semester course on "Basic Mathematical Physics", and is organized as a short presentation of few important points on the arguments indicated in the title. It aims at completing the students' basic knowledge on Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) - dealing in particular with those of higher order - and at providing an elementary presentation of the Partial Differential Equations (PDE) of Mathematical Physics, by means of the classical methods of separation of variables and Fourier series. For a reasonable and consistent discussion of the latter argument, some elementary results on Hilbert spaces and series expansion in othonormal vectors are treated with some detail in Chapter 2. Prerequisites for a satisfactory reading of the present Notes are not only a course of Calculus for functions of one or several variables, but also a course in Mathematical Analysis where - among others - some basic knowledge of the topology of normed spaces is supposed to be included. For the reader's convenience some notions in this context are explicitly recalled here and there, and in particular as an Appendix in Section 1.4. An excellent reference for this general background material is W. Rudin's classic Principles of Mathematical Analysis. On the other hand, a complete discussion of the results on ODE and PDE that are here just sketched are to be found in other books, specifically and more deeply devoted to these subjects, some of which are listed in the Bibliography. In conclusion and in brief, my hope is that the present Notes can serve as a second quick reading on the theme of ODE, and as a first introductory reading on Fourier series, Hilbert spaces, and PDE
The book covers production, structure, properties and potential applications of nanocellular polymers fabricated by using foaming methods. These materials are porous materials with pore sizes in the nanometer range, processed as bulk or film materials, from a wide set of polymers. Reduction of pore size to the nanoscale drastically modifies important properties such as thermal conductivity, optical properties, mechanical properties and specific surface area among others providing improved properties and promising applications for these materials in automotive, aeronautic, renewable energies, construction, filtration or thermal insulation.
Effective team work is essential if innovation projects are to succeed. How to create high-performing innovation teams provides practical guidance and advice on how to create high-performing teams regardless of type or size of company, organization, or public institution. It offers the reader pivotal tools and insights to use in practice. Both the theory and practice for creating high-performing innovation teams are discussed and new tools and insights are provided for managers, consultants, and academics. It answers the call for rapid innovation to respond to the increasingly changing market and to shorter product life cycles. How to create high-performing innovation team addresses specifically the factors that enable innovation work from the perspective of the organization, the innovation team, and its members. In addition to co-located innovation teams, the book also discusses the differences among global organizations and what to consider in the creation of global high-performing innovation teams.
The rise of far-right communities on digital platforms is a global crisis. Digital Islamophobia tracks far-right groups where they are a virtual and vicious threat, exploring how these networks grow, develop, and circulate Islamophobic hate-speech on Twitter. Reconstructing this media ecosystem, Digital Islamophobia traces the reactionary political ideologies animating these groups through feminist data analytic techniques in a transnational study of German and American far-right, digitally networked users. This work illustrates far-right communities using data visualization techniques, identifies a taxonomy of user-types, analyzes themes and stories that motivate far-right users, and tracks the spread of linked forms of anti-Muslim sentiment, reactionary ideologies, and (mis)information. In doing so, Digital Islamophobia details how far-right discourse is not merely national, or even transatlantic, but increasingly transnationalized among American, German, as well as Indian and Nigerian digital networks. By tracking and tracing the contours of these far-right digital communities on Twitter and analyzing the content of their conversations, Digital Islamophobia provides policy-makers, researchers, and scholars with a potential road-map to stop them.
This book analyzes the impact of abusive regimes of power on women's lives and on their self-expression through close readings of life writing by women in communist Romania. In particular, it examines the forms of agency and privacy available to women under totalitarianism and the modes of relationships in which their lives were embedded. The self-expression and self-reflexive processes that are to be found in the body of Romanian women's autobiographical writings this study presents create complex private narratives that underpin the creative development of inclusive memories of the past through shared responsibility and shared agency. At the same time, however, the way these private, personal narratives intertwined with collective and official historical narratives exemplifies the multidimensional nature of privacy as well as the radical redefinition of agency in this period. This book argues for a broader understanding of the narratives of the communist past, one that reflects the complexity of individual and social interactions and allows a deep exploration of the interconnected relations between memory, trauma, nostalgia, agency, and privacy.
This book's subject lies in the nexus of partial differential equations, operator theory, and complex analysis. The spectral analysis of the complex Laplacian and the compactness of the d-bar-Neumann operator are primary topics.The revised 2nd edition explores updates to Schrödinger operators with magnetic fields and connections to the Segal Bargmann space (Fock space), to quantum mechanics, and the uncertainty principle.
This volume is dedicated to the legacy of David R. Adams (1941-2021) and discusses calculus of variations, functional - harmonic - potential analysis, partial differential equations, and their applications in modeling, mathematical physics, and differential - integral geometry.
This book reflects the most recent research devoted to a systematized perspective and a critical (re)construction of previous theoretical attempts of explaining, justifying and continuing Kuhn's ingenious hypothesis in arts. Hofstadter, Clignet and Habermas revealed to be the most engaged scholars in solving this aesthetic "puzzled-problem". In this context, the structural similarities between science and arts are attentively evaluated, thus satisfying an older concern attributed to the historical Kuhn-Kubler dispute, extensively commented along the pages of this book. How can we track the matter of rationality and truth in art and aesthetics, inspired by scientific perspectives? Are artistic styles similar to scientific paradigms? Are we entitled to pursue paradigms and masterpieces as rational models in science, respectively in arts? On what possible grounds can we borrow from science notions such as progress and predictability, in the study of the evolution of art and its aesthetic backgrounds? Are the historical dynamics of science and art affected by political factors in the same manner? This book will be of interest to philosophers, but also to historians of science and historians of art alike in the reassessment it provides of recent debates on reshaping the art world using Kuhn's "paradigm shift".
This book uses numerical analysis as the main tool to investigate methods in machine learning and neural networks. The efficiency of neural network representations for general functions and for polynomial functions is studied in detail, together with an original description of the Latin hypercube method and of the ADAM algorithm for training. Furthermore, unique features include the use of Tensorflow for implementation session, and the description of on going research about the construction of new optimized numerical schemes.
How to grasp poetry in its contemporary digital situation, a situation wherein poetry travels across digital and analoge media platforms and intended or not collaborates with computers? Situating Scandinavian Poetry in the Computational Network environment investigates how heterogeneous forms of poetry in Scandinavia interact with and work in a digital media environment, how digital programmable and network media intervene with and shape new poetic forms or remediate older forms of poetry, and how digital and digitalized poetry through its self-reflexivity sheds light on digital media technology and its role for poetry and potentially for literature and aesthetics more in general. In doing so, it also argues for the importance of close reading poetry in digital media. It includes an historical and theoretical approach to poetry in digital media and analysis of poetic works in Scandinavia. The book is written within the framework of posthumanism and what N. Katerine Hayles calls "technogenesis", and makes up the argument that contemporary poetry constitutes and is constituted by a computational network environment of human and non-human subjects, wherein poems travels in an egalitarian media ecology . The book is relevant for researchers and students in the field of poetry, students and researchers in the field of literary studies, media studies and digital culture studies, and teachers interested in presenting newer forms of poetry for their students.
This volume includes several perspectives on how to connect the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals with the 12 principles of green chemistry, and green chemistry education.
Les textes réunis dans ces quatre volumes portent sur l'histoire et la philosophie des mathématiques et de leurs applications. Les trois premiers tomes sont consacrés à l'histoire des mathématiques (arithmétique, algèbre, géométrie), de l'optique et de l'astronomie, de l'Antiquité à l'Ãge classique. Les très nombreuses études qu'ils contiennent ont renouvelé, au cours des cinquante dernières années, l'étude des principaux mathématiciens grecs - Euclide, Archimède, Apollonius, Diophante, Ménélaüs - et ont montré quelle a été la nature et la portée de leur réception et de leurs transformations, tant dans l'Islam classique qu'au cours de la première modernité européenne. Le quatrième volume fonde et explore divers champs de recherche entre philosophie et mathématiques, des interactions polymorphes propres à la science grecque, arabe et latine jusqu'à la mathématisation des sciences sociales au XVIIIe siècle. Tant par la nouveauté des matériaux découverts et édités pour la première fois que par la puissance et la finesse qui en guident toujours l'analyse épistémologique, les dizaines de contributions ici rassemblées représentent une oeuvre majeure, qui a changé l'histoire des sciences de notre temps.
When EU member states signed the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007, they did not anticipate the manifold crises in store for them over the following years. Instead of the intended consolidation of a Union which had just gone through its most profound modernisation and biggest round of enlargements, the EU has since then had to weather a wide range of political, economic, social, legal, health and even military crises with major repercussions within and beyond its own territory. Indeed, this time of polycrisis has induced change on many levels: Across the continent and its many fora of European supra-, trans- and international collaboration, established institutions, rule systems and normative frameworks have been put into question and power balances have been shifting. Against this background, actors from social, political, economic and cultural life have sought new ways to overcome the manifold pressing problems of their time, be it through intensified collaboration or attempts to increasingly resolve issues at the national level. This volume offers a compilation of case studies on EU crisis responses, covering the most impactful of the various crises the EU has had to face in recent years. It provides theoretical and conceptual guidelines for the study of political actors' responses to crisis at all levels of the EU multilevel governance system and beyond.
Mass Protests in Iran: From Resistance to Overthrow explores the various waves of protests in Iran over the past 44 years, surveying their causes, consequences, and outcomes. The author argues that the regime and its support base of fundamentalist groups constitute a minority in Iran and lack legitimacy, and thus the regime uses repression and violence to secure its rule. The result is a pre-revolutionary situation and a shifting political landscape of overthrows, constant mass protests and mass repression. Kazemzadeh's analysis highlights the factors that would assist the fundamentalist regime in succeeding in suppressing these protests, and the factors that would assist the Iranian people in defeating the fundamentalist regime.Written in an accessible style, this timely book offers a much-needed contribution to the literature on Iranian politics. It will be of interest to students and scholars, as well as policy makers, interested in Middle Eastern studies, social movements, protest movements, political science and sociology.
This work is a historical study of the philosophical writings emerging from Imperial Russia's theological "academies" - Orthodoxy's higher educational institutions that ran parallel to the secular universities - from their inception to the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution. Unlike with nineteenth century Russian revolutionary thought, there are few secondary studies of the philosophical works stemming from the academies. These philosophical works focused on ontology and, as such, stand in sharp contrast to the shift toward epistemology in that century as happened in Germany. Another feature of the "academy" philosophies was the continual and explicit attempt to set themselves apart from the pervasive "subjectivism" of Western philosophical systems, although a largely unacknowledged influence persisted. At no time did the academy philosophers look to rational inquiry for more than an assist in understanding their theology. Instead they appealed to tradition and to an alleged direct insight into religious truths at the expense of logic and rational argument. The ultimate result was the pecular historical insularity of their community and concomitantly a subservience to the political state, traits that persist to this day.
Prenumerera på vårt nyhetsbrev för att få fantastiska erbjudanden och inspiration för din nästa läsning.
Genom att registrera dig accepterar du vår personuppgiftspolicy.
