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From Pandemic to Insurrection: Voting in the 2020 US Presidential Election describes voting in the 2020 election, from the presidential nomination to new voting laws post-election. Election officials and voters navigated the challenging pandemic to hold the highest turnout election since 1900. President Donald Trump's refusal to acknowledge the pandemic's severity coupled with frequent vote fraud accusations affected how states provided safe voting, how voters cast ballots, how lawyers fought legal battles, and ultimately led to an unsuccessful insurrection.

This is an indispensable reference for those mathematicians that conduct research activity in applications of fixed-point theory to boundary value problems for nonlinear difference equations. Coverage includes second-order finite difference equations and systems of second-order finite difference equations subject to diverse multi-point boundary conditions, and various methods to study the existence of positive solutions for these problems.

Adorno und Kierkegaard trennen Welten. Dennoch hat sich der kritische Theoretiker der Gesellschaft zeitlebens intensiv mit dem religiösen Schriftsteller und Vater der Existenzphilosophie aus dem 19. Jahrhundert beschäftigt. Das vorliegende Buch untersucht die vielfältigen Motive dieses spannungsvollen Verhältnisses, von der Soziologie der Innerlichkeit bis zur Ästhetik. Grundlage ist die eingehende Analyse von Adornos Erstlingswerk und anderer Texte über den Dänen. Gleichwohl gilt es, dessen Denken auch in seiner Eigenständigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Denn nur wo beide auf Augenhöhe behandelt werden, lässt sich die Frage nach dem Einfluss Kierkegaards auf Adorno stellen. Eine Antwort ist die Forschung bisher weitgehend schuldig geblieben, entweder weil sie sich die Deutung des Frankfurters zu eigen gemacht, oder diese umgekehrt als verfehlt abgetan hat. Was ihn mit Kierkegaard zugleich verbindet und entzweit, ist die Kritik des Deutschen Idealismus und die Radikalität, mit der das moderne autonome Subjekt als entfremdetes bestimmt wird. Überraschen mag die Erkenntnis, dass sie vor diesem Hintergrund und im Rückgriff auf Kant den Möglichkeitsspielraum individueller Praxis und der Ethik im engeren Sinne durchaus ähnlich bewerten.

The Alps have exerted a hold over the German cultural imagination throughout the modern period, enthralling writers, artists, philosophers, scientists, and tourists alike. The Draw of the Alps interrogates the dynamics of this fascination. Though philosophical and aesthetic responses to Alpine space have shifted over time, the Alps continue to captivate at an individual and collective level. This has resulted in myriad cultural engagements with Alpine space, as this interdisciplinary volume attests. Literature, photography, and philosophy continue to engage with the Alps as a place in which humans pursue their cognitive and aesthetic limits. At the same time, individuals engage physically with the alpine environment, whether as visitors through the well-established leisure industry, as enthusiasts of extreme sports, or as residents who feel the acute end of social and environmental change. Taking a transnational view of Alpine space, the volume demonstrates that the Alps are not geographically peripheral to the nation-state but are a vibrant locus of modern cultural production. As The Draw of the Alps attests, the Alps are nothing less than a crucible in which understandings of what it means to be human have been forged.

In the recent cultural heritage boom, community-based and national identity projects are intertwined with interest in cultural tourism and sites of the memory of enslavement. Questions of historical guilt and present responsibility have become a source of social conflict, particularly in multicultural societies with an enslaving past. This became apparent in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020, when statues of enslavers and colonizers were toppled, controversial debates about streets and places named after them re-ignited, and the European Union apologized for slavery after the racist murder of George Floyd. Related debates focus on museums, on artworks acquired unjustly in societies under colonial rule, the question of whether and how museums should narrate the hidden past of enslavement and colonialism, including their own colonial origins with respect to narratives about presumed European supremacy, and the need to establish new monuments for the enslaved, their resistance, and abolitionists of African descent. In this volume, we address this dissonant cultural heritage in Europe, with a strong focus on the tangible remains of enslavement in the Atlantic space in the continent. This may concern, for instance, the residences of royal, noble, and bourgeois enslavers; charitable and cultural institutions, universities, banks, and insurance companies, financed by the traders and owners of enslaved Africans; merchants who dealt in sugar, coffee, and cotton; and the owners of factories who profited from exports to the African and Caribbean markets related to Atlantic slavery.

The series de Gruyter Studies in Mathematics was founded ca. 35 years ago by the late Professor Heinz Bauer and Professor Peter Gabriel. The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level textbooks in mathematics, mathematical methods and their applications. Apart from covering important areas of current interest, a major aim is to make topics of an interdisciplinary nature accessible to the non-specialist. The works in this series are addressed to advanced students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. In addition, it can serve as a guide for lectures and seminars on a graduate level. Editor-in-Chief Guozhen Lu, University of Connecticut, USA Editorial Board Carstensen Carsten, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Germany Gavril Farkas, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Germany Nicola Fusco, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy Fritz Gesztesy, Baylor University, USA Zenghu Li, Beijing Normal University, China Karl-Hermann Neeb, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany René L. Schilling, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany Volkmar Welker, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany Please submit book proposals to Guozhen Lu

Many elements and inorganic compounds play an extraordinary role in daily life for numerous applications, e. g., construction materials, inorganic pigments, inorganic coatings, steel, glass, technical gases, energy storage and conversion materials, fertilizers, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, photofunctional materials, semiconductors, superconductors, soft- and hard magnets, technical ceramics, hard materials, or biomedical and bioactive materials. The present book is written by experienced authors who give a comprehensive overview on the many chemical and physico-chemical aspects related to application of inorganic compounds and materials in order to introduce senior undergraduate and postgraduate students (chemists, physicists, materials scientists, engineers) into this broad field. Volume 2 discusses energy storage, ionic solids, catalytic materials and photofunctional materials. Vol. 1. From Construction Materials to Technical Gases. Vol. 3. From Magnetic to Bioactive Materials.

Vulnerability has become part of our everyday vocabulary. We are used to hearing that we ought to act so as to protect the highly vulnerable; the qualifier suggests that we are all vulnerable. In addition to being of contemporary relevance, the notion of vulnerability has also been at the heart of philosophical reflection since the birth of the discipline, playing a vital role across many different traditions. Its prevalence is unsurprising. Vulnerability, which partially defines us as human beings, has appeared in many guises: mortality, finitude, sin, ignorance, etc. However, no attempt has yet been made to fully apply the notion of vulnerability to the domains of epistemology and the philosophy of science, to relate it to our general human vulnerability, and to explore the wide range of consequences that derive from it. The contributors of this book fill this gap; they present new approaches to classical problems. They highlight different aspects of our cognitive vulnerability, from issues related to the realism/antirealism debate to reflections on epistemic success and trust.

Organozinc reagents are less reactive than Grignard reagents but they are much more chemoselective. Since the Negishi cross-coupling reaction developed by Ei-ichi Negishi, who was awarded the Nobel Price in chemistry in 2010, a number of cross-coupling reactions involving organozinc derivatives and transition metal catalysts (Pd, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, ...) has been tuned up to form C-C bonds. This book on "Organozinc derivatives and transition metal catalysts" has been written by experts in the field and is a complement to the book entitled "Grignard reagents and transition metal catalysts" (a De Gruyter book, edited by J. Cossy). Grignard reagents or organozinc reagents, that is the question? From a given substrate, what is the best organometallic reagent and the best transition metal to form a C-C bond by using a cross-coupling reaction? The solution might be found in these two books.

Enough of Experts: Expert Authority in Crisis analyses the challenges and threats to expert authority in neoliberal political economies and societies. It focuses upon the deep-seated political, economic, social and cultural transformations which have fundamentally destabilized and eroded the institutional foundations of expert authority over more than four decades. The book critically assesses the orthodox or 'received' model of expert authority as it has come under escalating pressures from a nexus of ideological, organizational, technological and cultural changes that have radically weakened the former's core 'institutional logic' and practical efficacy. It also looks forward to a range of 'expert futures' in which expert groups and organizations decline in power and status as their prevalence proliferates to a stage where they become ubiquitous in neoliberal regimes. Finally, the book presents an alternative reflexive model of expert authority and governance that is grounded in the 'dynamics of contestation and trust' and stands in direct contrast to the orthodox, rational model.

Heinrich Rickert (1863-1936) war einer der bedeutendsten deutschen Philosophen vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Er hatte vor allem mit seiner erkenntnistheoretischen Wissenschaftstheorie, seiner Begriffslehre und Erkenntnistheorie großen Einfluss, interdisziplinär (z.B. auf Historiker und Literaturwissenschaftler) wie international (besonders in Japan, Russland und Italien). Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg teilte er in besonderem Maße das Schicksal des Neukantianismus: er wurde weitgehend vergessen. Rickerts fast ausschließlich systematisches Philosophieren wendet sich sowohl gegen überlebte Traditionen und Autoritäten als auch gegen philosophische Moden wie Schlagworte und gibt mit seinen grundständigen, scharfsinnigen und klar formulierten Argumenten auch heute noch fruchtbare Anregungen. Die Rickert-Ausgabe möchte die in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten stattfindende Rehabilitierung des Neukantianismus auch für die Südwestdeutsche Schule in Angriff nehmen und das umfangreiche und weitgespannte Oeuvre der publizierten Werke dieses historisch wie sachlich wichtigen, interessanten und vielfach unterschätzten Philosophen wieder allgemein verfügbar machen. Die philologisch-kritische Ausgabe vereinigt alle Schriften Rickerts in der zu seinen Lebzeiten letzterschienenen Fassung. Jeder Text enthält die Seitenzahlen der Originalausgabe sowie editorische Angaben, ein Emendationenverzeichnis, Literaturverzeichnis, Namenregister und ein ausführliches, lemmatisiertes Wortregister.

Vermander revisits the encounter between Chinese and Western philosophy while unfolding questions about the way "comparative philosophy" is conducted today. In the vulgate of intellectual history, "Western thought" has constructed a substantialist view of reality that puts "relations" and "processes" into a subordinate position. The same view explains for the primacy given to the autonomy of individual beings. In contrast, according to the same vulgate, Chinese thought has been stressing the fluidity of all phenomena and forms of life to best adapt to their overarching patterns. The critique of these representations is a preliminary for tackling the following question: in today's context, what style of cross-cultural philosophical engagement should be imagined and fostered? Cross-cultural philosophical dialogue is indeed indispensable to the revival of philosophies that could be both local and genuinely dialogic. The first two chapters focus upon the dominant model propounded by Western sinologists when it comes to comparing the Western philosophical tradition with the Chinese one. The third chapter shifts to Chinese narratives about local, comparative, and global philosophies, notably assessing its self-positioning vis-à-vis Western authors, topics, and concepts. Chapter 4 offers a general reading of ancient Chinese classics, alternative to the one that presently dominates the landscape described in Chapters 1 to 3. Chapter 5 harnesses the results and insights already gathered, offering a blueprint as to the way to positively draw upon different philosophical traditions to engage common questions and pursue shared endeavors. A last chapter presents four cases of ongoing transcultural philosophical dialogues and the promises they bear, while the conclusion recapitulates the journey and opens further perspectives. Once it develops outside pre-formatted narratives, the web shaped by our philosophies and wisdoms suggests the outlines of a world that we could inhabit together.

Scholarship often presumes that texts written about the Shoah, either by those directly involved in it or those writing its history, must always bear witness to the affective aftermath of the event, the lingering emotional effects of suffering. Drawing on the History of Emotions and on trauma theory, this monograph offers a critical study of the ambivalent attributions and expressions of emotion and "emotionlessness" in the literature and historiography of the Shoah. It addresses three phenomena: the metaphorical discourses by which emotionality and the purported lack thereof are attributed to victims and to perpetrators; the rhetoric of affective self-control and of affective distancing in fiction, testimony and historiography; and the poetics of empathy and the status of emotionality in discourses on the Shoah. Through a close analysis of a broad corpus centred around the work of W. G. Sebald, Dieter Schlesak, Ruth Klüger and Raul Hilberg, the book critically contextualises emotionality and its attributions in the post-war era, when a scepticism of pathos coincided with demands for factual rigidity. Ultimately, it invites the reader to reflect on their own affective stances towards history and its commemoration in the twenty-first century.

Humor and cruelty can be the best of friends. Many cruel domains have facilitated hilarity of all kinds, whether experienced directly or vicariously, stretching from the torture chamber to the living room--or wherever else a screen is to be found. Conversely, many jests have provided the vehicle with which to dispense cruelty, whether callously or gleefully, in myriad settings, from public events to intimate family dinners. Combining the sources and resources of the humanities and social sciences, this book investigates the mutually supportive liaisons of humor and cruelty. We unearth the brutal, aggressive, and/or sadomasochistic roots of mockery and self-mockery, sarcasm and satire, whilst addressing contemporary debates in humor studies focusing on the thorny ethics and existential challenges arising from the acceptance of the much-appreciated yet seldom innocent channel for human interaction called "humor." "Like Aristotle and Dewey, Arnarsson and Baruchello do not define their terms at the outset, but instead they relentlessly pursue the meanings of two ordinary words that everyone vaguely understads to arrive at a critical insight into the concepts these words represent, which are both disparate and interrelated." - Richard Marc Rubin, President, George Santayana Society

Humor has been praised by philosophers and poets as a balm to soothe the sorrows that outrageous fortune's slings and arrows cause inevitably, if not incessantly, to each and every one of us. In mundane life, having a sense of humor is seen not only as a positive trait of character, but as a social prerequisite, without which a person's career and mating prospects are severely diminished, if not annihilated. However, humor is much more than this, and so much else. In particular, humor can accompany cruelty, inform it, sustain it, and exemplify it. Therefore, in this book, we provide a comprehensive, reasoned exploration of the vast literature on the concepts of humor and cruelty, as these have been tackled in Western philosophy, humanities, and social sciences, especially psychology. Also, the apparent cacophony of extant interpretations of these two concepts is explained as the inevitable and even useful result of the polysemy inherent to all common-sense concepts, in line with the understanding of concepts developed by M. Polanyi in the 20th century. Thus, a thorough, nuanced grasp of their complex mutual relationship is established, and many platitudes affecting today's received views, and scholarship, are cast aside. "Like Aristotle and Dewey, Arnarsson and Baruchello do not define their terms at the outset, but instead they relentlessly pursue the meanings of two ordinary words that everyone vaguely understads to arrive at a critical insight into the concepts these words represent, which are both disparate and interrelated." - Richard Marc Rubin, President, George Santayana Society

This book develops and applies a novel kind of explanation: Empty-Base Explanation. While ordinary explanations have a tripartite structure involving an explanandum, a base of reasons why the explanandum obtains, and a link that connects the reasons to the explanandum, this book argues that there are explanations whose corresponding set of reasons is empty. This novel idea is located in the theoretical background of several fundamental philosophical issues. For example, it provides a convincing kind of ultimate or final explanation that completely and conclusively explains a phenomenon without involving other phenomena for which further explanations could be demanded. The possibility and fruitfulness of empty-base explanation is defended by general considerations from the theory of explanation, as well as concrete applications to the practice of explanation by status, the explanation of logical theorems, causal connections, and laws of nature, self-explanation, the use of IBE in metaphysics, the notion of zero-ground (which it provides with a solid theoretical footing), and ultimate explanation and its application to philosophical cosmology, the debate about the PSR, and the question of why there is anything at all. For this book, Yannic Kappes has received the 2022 De Gruyter Prize for Ontology and Metaphysics from the German Society for Analytic Philosophy (GAP).

This book series is based on the book "Biogene Gifte", 3. Edition, published 2010 by Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart in German language. Because of the enormous increase in knowledge in the field of natural poisons and venoms the topic is now covered in 5 volumes in English language. The focus of this volume is on the toxic ingredients of animal poisons and venoms, their chemical structures, their effects and modes of actions in target organisms, and on the biology of poisonous or venomous animals. It highlights the symptoms of poisoning or envenoming in humans or animals, cite case reports were available, and gives hints on poisoning prevention and on potential treatments.

This book offers an analysis of the state-of-the-art in high entropy alloys (HEA). In order to increase the qualities of an alloy, one major element is typically chosen and other elements are added to it in small amounts. In order to create multi-component alloys without a single major element, Professor J.W. Yeh described a novel method of alloy design in 2004. This method involved mixing elements in equiatomic or nearly equiatomic proportions. HEAs have a wide range of structural and physical properties and may find use in various applications. HEAs are intended to have high configurational entropy. The fundamental information now known in the subject, the range of different alloy systems and the features that have been investigated so far, the current major study fields, and the technological applications are presented in this book. Includes high entropy alloy fabrication and phase development. Discusses thermodynamic design criteria to develop HEAs. Covers the HEAs functioning characteristics. Compares the different processing routes used for the synthesis of HEAs

The distributed transfer function method (DTFM) is an analytical method formodeling, analysis, and control of a class of distributed parameter systems that aregoverned by partial differential equations and that can be defi ned over multipleinterconnected subregions. In this comprehensive reference, the authors show how theDTFM delivers highly accurate analytical solutions in both the frequency domain andthe time domain while offering a versatile modeling technique for various problemsin mechanical, civil, aerospace, electrical, chemical, biomechanical, and vehicleengineering.

The book Sequences and Series in Calculus is designed as the first college/university calculus course for students who take and do well on the AP AB exam in high school and who are interested in a more proof-oriented treatment of calculus. The text begins with an ε-ℕ treatment of sequence convergence, then builds on this to discuss convergence of series-first series of real numbers, then series of functions. The difference between uniform and pointwise convergence is discussed in some detail. This is followed by a discussion of calculus on power series and Taylor series. Finally improper integrals, integration by parts and partial fractions integration all are introduced. This book is design both to teach calculus, and to give the readers and students a taste of analysis to help them determine if they wish to study this material even more deeply. It might be used by colleges and universities who teach special versions of calculus courses for their most mathematically advanced entering first-year students, as might its older sibling text Multivariable and Vector Calculus which appeared in 2020 and is intended for students who take and do well on the AP BC exam.

In academic and public discourse, 'mapping' has become a ubiquitous term for epistemic practices ranging from surveys of scholarly fields to processes of data collection, ordering and visualization. Mapping captures patterns of distribution, segregation and hierarchy across socio-cultural spaces and geographical territories. Often lost in such accounts, however, is the experiential dimension of mapping as an aesthetic practice with determinate social, cultural and political effects. This volume draws on approaches from film philosophy, media archaeology, decolonial scholarship and independent film practice to explore mapping as a mediated experience in which film becomes entangled in larger processes of historical subject-formation, as well as in dissident reconfigurations of cultural memory. Proposing an approach to mapping through decolonial aesthetics and poetic thinking, the three essays in this volume help define a film studies perspective on mapping as a practice that structures political and aesthetic regimes, organizes and communicates shared realities, but also enables dissenting reconfigurations of concretely experienced worlds.

The central claim of this comparative study of Kant and Kierkegaard is that the aesthetic experience of the sublime is both autonomous and formative for extra-aesthetic ends. Aesthetic autonomy is thus inseparable from aesthetic heteronomy. In Part I, through an examination of Kant's Critique of Judgement and his essays on the French Revolution, the Kantian sublime is shown to conflict with our existing cognitive, moral and political frames of meaning, at the same time that the engagement of the aesthetic judge (Chapter 1) or the enthusiastic spectator (Chapter 2) with this conflict furthers our pursuit of cognitive, moral and political ends. The Kantian sublime is built on the autonomy of aesthetic judgement, which nevertheless has non-aesthetic value. Part II argues that certain aesthetic and ethical-religious figures in Kierkegaard's work can be shown to be transfigurations of the Kantian sublime, despite the absence of the term. Antigone and the silhouettes from Either/Or embody what I coin the tragic sublime and sublime grief. The God-man in Practice in Christianity is interpreted as a sublime image of contradiction. The figures are submitted to aesthetic representation, while their contradictory interior lives are unrepresentable. The Kierkegaardian sublime is built on a radical critique of aesthetic autonomy, whose failure serves the end of ethico-religious self-formation.

Sustainable and green eco-friendly remediation technologies to tackle environmental issues are currently being developed. This book covers advancements and achievements in the application of tailored biopolymers for green environmental pollution remediation technologies. It covers plant-based and animal sourced biopolymers, composites and biopolymer-based membrane technology. This book covers all the chapters in the form of a review which gives a comprehensive outlook on each of the topics covered in the chapters, thus quite useful for graduates, researchers and academicians.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Der Schutz des industriellen und geistigen Eigenthums in den Handelsverträgen" verfügbar.

This volume offers critical perspectives on memories of political and socioeconomic 'transitions' that took place between the 1970s and 1990s across the globe and that inaugurated the end of the Cold War. The essays respond to a wealth of recent works of literature, film, theatre, and other media in different languages that rethink the transformations of those decades in light of present-day crises. The authors scrutinize the enduring silences produced by established frameworks of memory and time and explore the mnemonic practices that challenge these frameworks by positing radical ambivalence or by articulating new perspectives and subjectivities. As a whole, the volume contributes to current debates and theory-making in critical memory studies by reflecting on how the changing recollection of transitions constitutes a response to the crisis of memory and time regimes, and how remembering these times as crises renders visible continuities between this past and the present. It is a valuable resource for academics, students, practitioners, and general readers interested in exploring the dynamics of memory in post-authoritarian societies.

Biomaterials are advanced materials that garner interdisciplinary research. Wastewater pollution causes many adverse effects on human health and the environment. In order to rectify this, biomaterials and other nanomaterials have been utilized as photocatalysts against environmental waste. In this book, biomaterials are highlighted as a promising material for waste management, as biomaterials are cost-effective, eco-friendly and closer to nature.

Safety assurance of consumer goods has become a global challenge. The presence of natural and synthetic contaminants in food compromises food safety and poses a risk to public health. This book discusses biological and chemical food contaminants, predictive and detection methods of food toxicants, survival mechanism of food pathogens, legislation on microbial contaminants to prevent public health risks and strategies to mitigate contamination.

The contributions in this book address the relation between evil, symbolism and psychoanalysisc by focusing on the two works of Rioeur in which these topics play the most prominent role: The Symbolism of Evil and Freud and Philosophy. Furthermore, the bilingual book includes contributions that examine the relation between evil, symbolism and psychoanalysis in Ricoeur's work in a more general fashion, by investigating his philosophy as a whole. It brings together both French and English chapters from leading Ricoeur scholars from over the world. The international multilinguistic perspective reflects Ricoeur's spirit who said that when he worked on a book, all of the others were simultaneously open on his writing table. It is a groundbreaking work to those interested in Ricoeur, Freud and religion.

The research on carbon dots is evolving and expanding very rapidly. A high-tech overview for academia and industry is needed to modernize carbon dots in biological applications. This book covers the use of carbon dots in biology, medicine, and pharmacy: synthesis, properties and applications, obstacles in exploiting these materials, and future research prospects. The reader is able to explore the wide scope of carbon dots in the global market.