The nucleus of society is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. The contributors look at such configurations in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of the modern Western world with its particular development of society and statehood: in Antiquity and in the Global South of the present. Here states tend to be weak, with obvious challenges and opportunities for local communities. How does governance in this context work? Scholars from various disciplines (Classics, Theology, Political Science, Sociology, Social Anthropology, Human Geography, Sinology) analyze different kinds of local arrangements in case studies, and they do so with a comparative approach. The sixteen papers examine the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; its legitimization and the collective identity of the groups behind them; the relations to different levels of state governance as well as to other local groups. Overall, this volume makes an interdisciplinary contribution to a better understanding of fundamental elements of local governance and statehood.
Ancient epistolary fiction is a still largely under-explored field of research, at the intersection of studies on epistolography and on pseudepigraphy. The present volume sketches out a broad panorama of ancient fiction in letters. It covers a large period of time up to late Antiquity, with a main focus on letters from the imperial era. Epistolary fiction is examined as a mainly Greek phenomenon (there are few Latin equivalents) that was characteristic of both pagan and Christian literature. The material investigated falls within two categories: fictional letter collections from well-known authors of the Second Sophistic and their successors (Lucian, Alciphron, Philostratus, Aristaenetus); letters attributed to famous historical or legendary characters (pseudonymous letters). Focusing on the specific features of epistolary fiction, the book aims to analyse its forms, its functions as well as its effects. It gathers a series of 11 state-of-the art essays, all tackling the same important issues: the manuscript and printed tradition, the form of epistolary fictions and the universe they build, the arrangement of the letters and their overall structure, the relation between the author and his external readers.
A treatment of the transport and transfer processes of heat, mass and momentum in terms of their analogy. The processes are described with the help of macro and micro balances which in many cases lead to differential equations. This way, the textbook also prepares for Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. The topics of the five chapters of the textbook are: Balances: shape and recipe, mass balance, residence time distribution, energy and heat balances, Bernoulli equation, momentum balances Molecular transport, dimensional analysis, forces on immersed objects Heat transport: steady-state and unsteady conduction, the general heat transport equation, forced and free convective heat transport, radiant heat transport Mass transport: steady-state and unsteady diffusion, the general mass transport equation, mass transfer across a phase interface, convective mass transport, wet bulb temperature Fluid mechanics: flow meters, pressure drop, packed beds, laminar flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Navier-Stokes equations The leading idea behind this textbook is to train students in solving problems where transport phenomena are key. To this end, the textbook comprises almost 80 problems with solutions.
It is a fact that today's British stages resound with powerfully innovative voices and that, very often, these voices have been those of young women playwrights. This collection of essays gives visibility and pride of place to these fascinating voices by exploring the vitality, inventiveness and particularly strong relevance of these poetics. These women playwrights sometimes invent radically new forms and sometimes experiment with conventional ones in fresh and unexpected ways, as for example when they re-energize naturalism and provide it with new missions. The plays that are addressed are all concerned with the necessity to grasp the complexity of the contemporary world and to further investigate what it means to be human. Intimate or epic, and sometimes both at once, visionary or closer to everyday life, these plays approach the contemporary world through a multitude of prisms - historical, scientific, political and poetic - and open different and visionary perspectives.
During early modern European expansion, America emerged as dynamic meeting ground, continuously forging multidirectional global encounters. Relating Continents dismisses the semantics of 'encounter' which, in the politics of naming, euphemistically substitutes invasive violence, but invests in the notion's dimension as an enactment of literary, cultural, and social relations, fusing people, goods, texts, artifacts, ideas, and senses of belonging. Understanding the practice of relating as both connecting and narrating, this anthology investigates the linking of continents in Romance literary and cultural history, as well as the tales of entanglement produced in the process. The contributors revisit the worldwide impact of distant or in-person negotiations between conquerors and local actors; they assess how colonial interventions shift hemispheric native networks, and they examine the ties between America, Africa, and Asia. By doing so, they prove the global constitution of early modern Spanish and Portuguese American literatures, their historical and cultural contexts, and their long-lasting legacies.
This is the first full-scale critical edition of the Epigramma Paulini, with English translation and commentary. The Epigramma Paulini (110 hexameters) is a late-antique poem of unknown date and authorship (arguably written during the first decade of the fifth century AD), preserved by only one (Carolingian) manuscript. While the outside world is torn by outbreaks of war and social unrest, the poem's three characters discuss people's behavior and reaction to the crisis. What should one change to stop social and political decline? What hope does one have to end the crisis and to rebuild a new society? These are some of the questions the three characters of the poem strive to answer. In recent years, scholars have paid some attention to this piece, mainly drawn to it by a singular insertion of satire within the frame of Vergil's pastoral model; however, no close study of the poem had been published. This first critical edition provides an in-depth exploration of the poem's message and its innovative contribution to the reception of classical, pagan literature in a Christian context.
Fictional novelists and other author characters have been a staple of novels and stories from the early nineteenth century onwards. What is it that attracts authors to representing their own kind in fiction? Author Fictions addresses this question from a theoretical and historical perspective. Narrative representations of literary authorship not only reflect the aesthetic convictions and social conditions of their actual authors or their time; they also take an active part in negotiating and shaping these conditions. The book unfolds the history of such 'author fictions' in European and North American texts since the early nineteenth century as a literary history of literary authorship, ranging from the Victorian bildungsroman to contemporary autofiction. It combines rhetorical and sociological approaches to answer the question how literature makes authors. Identifying 'author fictions' as narratives that address the fragile material conditions of literary creation in the actual and symbolic economies of production, Ingo Berensmeyer explores how these texts elaborate and manipulate concepts and models of authorship. This book will be relevant to English, American and comparative literary studies and to anyone interested in the topic of literary authorship.
The Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (AKL), [Artists of the World], is the successor to the traditional Thieme-Becker and Vollmer standard reference works on art history. It has been published since 1991. Long a standard work in its own right, the AKL is intentionally not limited to the "grand masters", but includes artists from all over the world and throughout the ages from antiquity to the present. It not only contains painters, sculptors and graphic designers, but gives equal weight to architects, designers, photographers, calligraphers, craftsmen and many other artistic professions. Around 1,500 artist biographies are contained in each volume. An index arranged according to country and artistic profession follows every tenth volume. According to the updated schedule for the AKL, the print edition will be completed in 2022. In the meantime, the proportion of articles published exclusively online will continually increase. The first volumes of the AKL were compiled from 1969 onwards. This period of almost four decades is now being covered in supplementary volumes, the first of which was published in 2005, for the letter A. The fifth supplementary volume (Cassini - Czwartos) was published in 2012. Every entry offers the following clearly structured information: The name of the artist, including all variations of the name by which he or she was known. Pseudonyms, maiden names, or names previously wrongly attributed are deciphered. Respective cross-references to the main entry are included. Dates of birth and death of the artist and characteristics of the works and entire artistic oeuvre Information regarding the influence of this artist on his or her cultural environment A selection of the artist's works with their locations A selection of exhibitions on the artist Detailed lists of the artist's autobiographical writings and other writings An extensive bibliography. Also cross-references to entries in other reference works, unprinted source material and catalogues A signature of the article's author (or editor) at the end of every entry Since January 2010, we are offering a combined print + online annual subscription. For more information, please visit www.degruyter.de/akl.
The present volume offers a dozen studies of manuscripts of the Tibetan Bon and Naxi Dongba traditions across time and space. While some of the contributions focus on particular features of manuscripts from either tradition, others explicitly bridge the two by considering common codicological and material aspects of selected examples or common themes in the content of the texts. This is the first primarily object-based study to deal with the cultural history and technology of books from the two traditions. It discusses collections of Bon and Naxi manuscripts, the concepts and history of both traditions, the science and technology of book studies as it relates to these collections, the relationship between text and image, writing materials, and the historical and archaeological context of the manuscripts' places of origin. The authors are specialists in different fields including philology, anthropology, art history, codicology and archaeometry. The contributions shed light on trade routes, materials and technologies as well as on reading practices and ritual usage of Bon and Naxi manuscripts.
Josephus Flavius's life was defined by the Jewish war against Rome, about which he wrote his first book as a friend of the imperial family, enjoying the benefits of an end to the conflict. But this dichotomy between war and peace defined not only the life of our author but also the history of all peoples in Late Antiquity, so it is not surprising that war and peace also play a central role in his second book. A broader theme could hardly have been chosen for this volume, which naturally brought with it the diversity of the studies it contains. At a conference in May 2022 at Selye János University in Komárom - "Peace and War in Josephus" - a distinguished, international group of scholars took up this theme, including Tal Ilan (Israel), Steve Mason (Canada), Jiřà HoblÃk (Czech Republic), and five Hungarian colleagues: Tibor Grüll, Ãdám Vér, József Zsengellér, István Karasszon, and Viktor Kókai-Nagy. Their papers in English or German are complemented by three additional papers from Carson Bay (Switzerland), Marin Meiser (Germany), and David R. Edwards (USA). Together, their work ranges from the historical and literary context to the political and philosophical thought of the author.
This volume explores and calls into question certain commonly held assumptions about writing and technological advancement in the Islamic tradition. In particular, it challenges the idea that mechanical print naturally and inevitably displaces handwritten texts as well as the notion that the so-called transition from manuscript to print is unidirectional. Indeed, rather than distinct technologies that emerge in a progressive series (one naturally following the other), they frequently co-exist in complex and complementary relationships - relationships we are only now starting to recognize and explore.The book brings together essays by internationally recognized scholars from an array of disciplines (including philology, linguistics, religious studies, history, anthropology, and typography) whose work focuses on the written word - channeled through various media - as a social and cultural phenomenon within the Islamic tradition. These essays promote systematic approaches to the study of Islamic writing cultures writ large, in an effort to further our understanding of the social, cultural and intellectual relationships between manuscripts, printed texts and the people who use and create them.
This edited volume aims to advance a Muslim-centered perspective on the study of Islam in Europe. To do so, it brings together a range of case studies that illustrate how European Muslims engaged with their Sacred Scripture while being part of a Christian-dominated social and political space. The research presented in this volume seeks to analyse Muslims' practices of translating, interpreting and using the Qur'an as a sacred object and, thus, pursues three main research agendas. Part I focuses on the issues of Muslim-Christian relations in Europe and studies how these relations have engendered discursive connections between Muslim- and Christian-produced texts related to the study and interpretation of the Qur'an. Part II aims to bring scholarly attention to the under-represented cases of Muslim communities in Europe. This part introduces new research on Polish-Belarusian, Daghestani, Bosnian and Kazan Tatars and examines local traditions of producing vernacular Qur'ans and commodification of Qur'anic manuscripts. The final section of the volume, Part III, contributes to filling in the gaps related to the theoretical and conceptual framing of Muslim translation activities. The history of religious thought and practice in European history is in many ways still uncharted territory. This book aims to contribute to a better understanding of the cultural history of the Qur'an and Muslim agency in interpreting, transmitting and translating the Sacred Scripture.
Theodore Metochites' Aristotelian paraphrases (c. 1312), covering all 40 books of the Stagirite's extant works on natural philosophy, constitute one of the major achievements of late Byzantine learning. This volume offers the first critical edition of Metochites' paraphrases of the three books of the De anima, accompanied by an introduction and an English translation with an apparatus of parallel passages in Aristotle's ancient commentators. The first part of the introduction presents and evaluates the sources for the text, consisting of thirteen Greek manuscripts, a 15th-century Greek epitome and a 16th-century Latin translation. The genealogical relationships between these are established on the basis of separative and conjunctive errors, identified, inter alia, through critical discussions of more than 300 passages. The second part of the introduction discusses the nature, purpose and sources of the paraphrases as well as several linguistic questions with implications for editing and translating the text. The third part of the introduction sets out the principles of this edition and translation.
The letter collections that the high-ranking court official Nikephoros Choumnos (c.1260-1327) compiled on the basis of his correspondence with the emperor, fellow intellectuals, clergymen and relatives, are an important testimony to the social and intellectual history of late Byzantium. They show how during this period of cultural revival and political crisis writers used letters not only as a medium for communication and networking within a small educated elite based primarily in Constantinople but also as a vehicle for self-representation through the publication of carefully curated manuscript collections. The present book aims to make these different, yet closely intertwined layers of the 180 surviving letters of Nikephoros Choumnos accessible through a new critical edition with facing German translation. One of its main objectives is to present the individual collections the author commissioned as autonomous works of literary autobiography and to foreground textual fluidity on both the macrostructural level of the collections and the microstructural level of each letter. In addition to a short biography of the author, the introduction provides fundamental analyses of various aspects of the collections and of the individual letters preserved in them (transmission, formation and composition of the collections, prosopography, summaries with commentary, linguistic and literary elements), offers a detailed discussion of the orthography of the authorial manuscripts and explains the principles and methods applied in the edition and translation.
Das Musil-Forum, Publikationsorgan der Internationalen Robert-Musil-Gesellschaft, ist eine interdisziplinäre Plattform für die Erforschung der Literatur der klassischen Moderne und insbesondere des Werks von Robert Musil (1880-1942). Band 37.
The primary objective of this book is to unearth the Mosul Incident, place it in a historical narrative and introduce it to the literature. Despite creating a historical turning point, the incident has not attracted the necessary attention in neither the Ottoman nor Iraqi historiography until now. By interpreting the preferences, policies and practices associated with this particular incident, the book is engaged to analyze the Post-Constitutional power shifts, perceptions of collective violence and the origins of Arab-Kurdish Dispute.The banishment and murder of Sheikh Said Barzanji who was the family head of Sadaat al-Barzanjiyya as the most influential religious organization of region, created a critical threshold in the history of Mosul. As the urban shootout on January 5 turned into a provincial bloodshed, Kurdish Sayyids, tribes and religious orders consolidated and revolted against the Ottoman authorities. Governors who were polarized as Anti Sâdât and Pro Sâdât allegedly misconducted their offices and misguided the authorities of law enforcement and judiciary.By overcoming the historical rupture between Ottoman Mosul and Modern Iraq, the book introduces an analytical framework to associate the origins of collective violence and ethnic fragmentation experienced in today's Iraq with the past.
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The volume includes the proceedings of the 2nd Roma Sinica project conference held in Seoul in September 2019 and aims to compare some features of the ancient political thought in the Western classical tradition and in the Eastern ancient thought. The contributors, coming from Korea, Europe, USA, China, Japan, propose new patterns of interpretation of the mutual interactions and proximities between these two cultural worlds and offer also a perspective of continuity between contemporary and ancient political thought. Therefore, this book is a reference place in the context of the comparative research between Roman (and early Greek thought) and Eastern thought. Researchers interested in Cicero, Seneca, Plato, post-Platonic and post Aristotelic philosophical schools, history, ancient Roman and Chinese languages could find interesting materials in this work.
Questo lavoro ha per oggetto la versione latina del Nicocles isocrateo eseguita da Guarino Veronese e dedicata a Leonello d'Este. La sezione introduttiva consta di due parti: nella prima si contestualizza il Nicocles all'interno della produzione isocratea e se ne approfondisce la fortuna in età umanistico-rinascimentale per il tramite delle traduzioni; nella seconda parte si inquadra la versione guariniana all'interno della vicenda biografica e dell'attività pedagogico-letteraria dell'autore. Il corpo centrale del volume è invece costituito dall'edizione critica del testo di Guarino: all'esposizione dei risultati del lavoro di recensio e di collazione segue il testo ricostruito dall'autrice, corredato di apparato critico, traduzione italiana e note filologiche di commento. Il volume si conclude con alcune osservazioni sul metodo versorio e la lingua di Guarino.
Comedy created a joyful mode of perceiving rhetoric, grammar, and literary criticism through the somatic senses of the author, the characters, the actors and the spectators. This was due to generic peculiarities including the omnivore mirroring of contemporary (scholarly) ideas, the materiality of costumes and masks, and the embodiment of abstract notions on stage, in short due to the correspondence between body, language and environment. The materiality of words, letters and syllables in ancient grammar and stylistic criticism is related to the embodied criticism found in Greek comedy. How are scholarly discourses embodied? The act of writing is vividly enacted on stage through carving with effort the shape of the letter 'rho' and commenting emotionally on it. The letters of the alphabet are danced by the chorus, the cognitive and communicative power of gestures and body expression providing emotional context. A barking pickle brine from Thasos is perhaps an olfactory somatosensory visual and auditory embodiment of Archilochean poetry, whilst the actor's foot in dance is a visual and motor embodiment of a metrical foot on stage. Comedy with its actors, costumes, masks, and props is overflowing with such examples. In this book, the author suggests that comedy made a significant contribution to the establishment of scholarly discourses in Classical Greece.
The book examines the manuscript and printed tradition of Aristides' Sacred Tales, on the basis of an integral collation of all witnesses. Thanks to the data collected and to the paleographic reexamination of the codices, it is now possible to offer, in addition to a series of contributions on the language and style of the work, a stemmatic reconstruction of its textual tradition and a picture of its fortune from antiquity to the present day.
The book concerns female dress in Roman life and literature. The main focus is on female Roman dress as it may have been worn in daily life in Rome and in a social environment influenced by Roman culture in the time from the beginnings of the Republic until the end of the 2nd century AD. There is, however, a certain surplus as to its contents because many Latin texts also talk about mythical Greek dress and the largely fictional early Roman dress. Altogether, large parts of the history of Roman dress are only known to us through what scholars thought about it in Classical and Late Antiquity. For this reason, this book is not only about real female Roman dress, but also about the ancient pseudo-discourse on early female Roman dress, which has been taken too seriously by modern scholarship. This pseudo-discourse has been mixed together with real facts to produce an ahistorical fabric. It therefore appeared necessary to break with this old tradition and to take a completely new path. The detailed analysis of many texts on female Roman dress is the basis of this new handbook meant for philologists, historians, and archaeologists alike.
Despite the significance of its contents, the so-called Demades papyrus (P.Berol. inv. 13045) has received scarce scholarly attention since the 1923 editio princeps by Karl Kunst. This unique late second-century BCE document of almost 430 lines was found in the Egyptian chora, but it is supposed to have been written in Alexandria, where it probably served as a textbook for the highest level of rhetorical education. Besides shedding new light on its find circumstances and physical aspects, the volume offers a full re-edition and commentary of the two adespota texts contained in it, namely a eulogy of the Lagid monarchy and a historical work consisting of a dialogue between Demades and his prosecutor in the trial of 319 BCE at the court of Pella. The aim of the accompanying introduction is to address the question of the origin, nature and purpose of such fragments and of the collection itself, as well as to show to what extent the papyrus contributes to a better understanding of some of the main historical events of the early Hellenistic period. This book is thus meant to fill a significant gap in Classical scholarship, all the more so as a close investigation of most of the topics dealt with therein has hitherto been lacking.
This 3rd volume of 'Gas Engineering' introduces the concept of liquefied natural gas and the concept gas-to-liquids and also presents a review of the uses of gas streams and the effects of the various gases on the environment. This volume also describes the properties gas streams as they are related to corrosion effects are also presented. The relationship of the properties of gas streams as they affect corrosion such as carburization and metal dusting as well as corrosion in steel and other materials used in refinery technology are also presented and the book summarizes key findings into corrosion processes in gas-processing equipment as well as corrosion in offshore structures. Each book contains references at the end of chapter which include information from the open literature and meeting proceedings to give a picture of where the gas processing technology stands as well as indicate some relatively new technologies that could become important in the future. Also, each book also contains a comprehensive glossary. The books are written in an easy-to-read style and offer a ready-at-hand (one-stop-shopping) guide to the many issues that are related to the engineering aspects of the properties and processing of natural gas as well as the effects of natural gas on various ecosystems as well as to pollutant mitigation and clean-up. The books present an overview, with a considerable degree of detail of the various aspects of natural gas technology. Any chemistry presented in the books is used as a means of explanation of a particular point but is maintained at an elementary level.
Volume 2 covers the constituents of gas streams and their properties. The author presents the chemistry and engineering aspects of the methods and principles by which the gas streams might be cleaned from their noxious constituents. The concept of gas condensate is also discussed as well as the methods which can be applied to the analysis of streams and condensate. Vol. 1: Origin and Reservoir Engineering. Vol. 3: Uses of Gas and Effects.
The book investigates historical patterns of vowel diphthongization, assimilation and dissimilation induced by consonants - mostly (alveolo)palatals - in Romance. Compiling data from dialectal descriptions, old documentary sources and experimental phonetic studies, it explains why certain vowels undergo raising assimilation before (alveolo)palatal consonants more than others. It also suggests that in French, Francoprovençal, Occitan, Rhaetoromance and dialects from northern Italy, mid low vowel diphthongization before (alveolo)palatal consonants started out with the formation of non-canonical falling diphthongs through off-glide insertion, from which rising diphthongs could emerge at a later date (e.g., Upper Engadinian OCTO 'eight' > [ɔc] > [ɔ(ə̯)c] > [wac]). Both diphthongal types, rather than canonical falling diphthongs with a palatal off-glide, could also give rise to high vowels (dialectal French [li]
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