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24 contributions reflect the vast scope of Joe Cribb's interests including Asian numismatics, museology, poetry and art. Papers are arranged geographically, then chronologically/thematically including studies on coins, charms and silver currencies in or from China; finds from ancient Central Asia and Afghanistan: coins of South Soghd, and far more.

Austria is particularly fortunate in the survival along the Danube of the remains of many Roman military installations. These include forts and towers, some parts surviving up to two stories high. They are a most remarkable survival and deserve to be better known and more visited.

MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) undertook intermittent archaeological mitigation works for the A43 Corby Link Road, Northamptonshire, between June 2012 to October 2013. Early Bronze Age funerary and domestic features/activity were recorded in one location largely on the flood plain on either side of Harper's Brook. Here an undated palaeochannel, a ploughed-out barrow and a dispersed spread of four pits were recovered. Two of the pits had possible placed animal deposits. The barrow was respected by a late Bronze Age cremation. Nearly 2km away there was an isolated early Bronze Age pit contained significant parts of two collard urns. Around 0.8km from the early Bronze barrow was a moderate sized middle Bronze Age flat cremation cemetery. Here there were 30 probable pits of which 25 produced varied quantities of cremated human remains and two other pits retaining pyre deposits. At a different part of the road scheme was a late Bronze Age/early Iron Age pit alignment which was backfilled in the middle Iron Age when a settlement was established. In the early Iron Age, there was a small area comprising postholes and small pits which may denote short term occupation. In the last part of the middle Iron Age in c2nd century BC there were possibly three separate areas of occupation/activity established in different places. This comprised part of a small single-phase (with limited recutting) farmstead which was abandoned by the Conquest period. The second was a very small, segmented enclosure system which was in use for a short period in the 2nd century BC and/ or 1st century BC and the third middle-late Iron Age settlement continued into the early Roman settlement. In two further areas there was a new settlement established in the latest Iron Age or early Roman period and both these were short lived. It was noticeable there was no middle or late Roman settlement remains from any locations within the A43 scheme. Along the valley side to the north of Newton and parallel to a watercourse there was a Saxon settlement of at least hamlet size. This comprised both timber-frame buildings and sunken-featured buildings associated with household industry including a weaving house and iron smelting, the latter occurred within and probably adjacent to the settlement. The evidence of middle Saxon iron smelting is especially rare, and it is within the national important Rockingham Forest ironworking area. The remains of one furnace was found in situ and others suspected nearby, with other iron working related features excavated included roast-ore pits and quarry extraction pits. At another location there was a single Saxon SFB next to Harper's Brook, which was either isolated or had been part of a dispersed settlement.

This book brings together 15 papers on objects from the excavations of the town of Gabii undertaken since 2007. Objects ranging from the pre-Roman to Imperial periods are examined using a mix of approaches, making an effort to be sensitive to excavation context and formation processes.

This book explores the history and archaeological heritage of the southwest coast of the Isla Gaditana ‿ the territory where the Temple of Hercules and the Idol of Cádiz are said to have stood for more than twelve centuries: Torregorda, Camposoto and Sancti Petri.

This volume presents the latest research on Roman roads, not just in terms of their basic infrastructure but also exploring various aspects of life that were connected with it, from the Imperial period to that of decline, acculturation and integration of new identities, within the three Roman provinces of Pannonia, Moesia and Dalmatia.

10 articles focus on worked hard materials of animal origin (shell, tusk, bone, antler) ranging chronologically from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. The authors have varied academic backgrounds that enhance the archaeological analyses carried out, often at first hand, on numerous collections from the Old and New Worlds.

Although it is one of the main archaeological sites in Oman, the medieval port of Qalhat, near Sur in Ash-Sharqiyah Governorate, has long remained poorly documented. The extensive research initiated in 2008 by the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism shed striking light on the history of this famous harbour city.

The site of Rakhigarhi, situated in Hisar District, Haryana, India, is one of the largest metropolises of the Harappan Civilization found so far, to be mentioned alongside the iconic sites of Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa and Dholavira. Between the years 2011 and 2017 extensive explorations and excavations were carried out by teams from the Deccan College P.G.R.I., Deemed University, Pune, Seoul National University and Haryana State Archaeology Department. Mounds 4, 6 and 2 were habitation deposits where cultural sequences of Early and Mature Cultural layers were found. Among the major finds were classical Harappan ceramic assemblages; beads of terracotta, faience, stones and steatite; seals; shell and terracotta bangles; terracotta figurines, etc. Mound 7 was a cemetery, representative of the Mature Harappan period, where systematic excavation was carried out. After chapters introducing the excavations at Rakhigarhi and setting out the objectives of the project, the book focuses on the cemetery, with detailed analysis and inventories of the burials. Data on the physical and pathological traits of the Harappan population are presented in full, with specialist chapters on craniofacial reconstruction, and on parasitological analysis. The volume is completed with analysis of the faunal remains from Rakhigarhi habitation area.

How did the Ancient Egyptians maintain control of their state? This book considers this question from a wide variety of angles and across all periods of Egyptian history, from the Old Kingdom to Coptic times. Topics include the controlling function of temples and theology, state borders, scribal administration, visual representation, patronage, and the Egyptian language itself. These different strands are tied together by legal pluralism theory, which argues that a single state can rely on multiple - and at times even contradictory - strategies for upholding what it considers just within the bounds of what is nominally a single jurisdiction. This theoretical approach, while increasingly common in modern postcolonial studies and the history of law, is yet to be deployed in Egyptology. This book therefore aims to fill that gap. The chapters are expanded versions of papers originally presented at the 3rd Lady Wallis Budge Egyptology conference, organised by Christ's College and held online on 27th-28th August 2020.

The present volume collects thirty-two papers on various topics from the history of Egyptology to archaeology and material culture, from the Predynastic to the Roman period, through history and epigraphy, as well as new technologies.

The Search for Wellbeing and Health between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period compiles a series of works on cosmetics and health care, covering different geographical areas of Europe. The studies also focus on different cultures, with some chapters dedicated to the Hebrew sphere, others to the Muslim world, and a larger percentage dealing with Christian society. The contributions make use of some very important written sources: recipe books and treatises on medicine and cosmetics, especially those preserved from the Late Middle Ages (13th-15th centuries) onwards. These manuscripts reveal the raw materials used to make certain products, whose origin could be vegetable, animal or mineral. Many were used to combat various ailments, but also to take care of the body aesthetically. Thus, there are remedies to heal the eyes; to avoid problems with the teeth and to make them shine white; creams and soaps for the skin; hair dyes to avoid grey hair; lotions to combat baldness; and even diverse gastronomic recipes to obtain inner wellbeing. Other contributions take a more practical perspective. Studies are included in which some of the ingredients and products are explored through experimental archaeology (chemical analysis) and faunal remains obtained from archaeological campaigns are analysed in the laboratory, showing the Christian diet. Overall the book demonstrates the importance of healthcare and cosmetics in past societies that had very significant technical knowledge of a multitude of completely natural and sustainable products.

This book is the result of a large-scale yet detailed study of early medieval grave furnishings from the Netherlands, aiming at the creation of a comprehensive artefact typology and updated relative chronology for this under-explored period in the Low Countries.

Rushen Abbey, now owned and managed by Manx National Heritage, was a Cistercian monastery founded in 1134 and suppressed in 1540. It was the most important religious institution on the Isle of Man wielding significant secular power as well as ecclesiastical authority. Its location in the middle of the Irish Sea and its political connections made it one of the most influential houses in western Britain and Ireland. The first known excavations were carried out in the late 1890s by Deemster Gill, one of the most senior law officers on the island. They were followed in 1912 and again in 1926 by more extensive investigations of parts of the east range the north transept of the church by William Cubbon then owner of the site. The modern study of the site began in 1978 and 1979 with excavations of the presbytery and both transepts by Dr Lawrence Butler, who followed them in 1988 and 1989 with a complete exploration of the east range. In between these two programmes of work Dr Larch Garrad of the Manx Museum carried out an important rescue excavation to the east of the church in 1984, locating a new chapel, part of the monastic cemetery and a charnel pit. Under threat of development for a hotel complex the site was purchased by the Manx Government in 1998 and the Centre for Manx Studies, University of Liverpool was asked to carry out exploratory excavations in the first place, followed by more extensive investigations of a number of areas of the site. These were carried out each year from 1998 to 2008 and succeeded in defining the plan of the church and claustral buildings together with parts of the western courtyard. In addition, to the south of the Cistercian complex an already disturbed early medieval cemetery was investigated. Alongside the excavations, medieval documentary sources were reviewed, and extensive fieldwork was carried out on the abbey's lands throughout the island. This book aims to provide a synthesis of all the available evidence for Rushen Abbey under one cover. Given the numbers of excavations, their complexity and the richness of finds, the detailed evidence on which this overview text is based is provided by a set of 20 online reports.

Ancient funerary reliefs are full of representations of writing materials and instruments, the interpretation of which can help us better understand the phenomenon of ancient literacy. The eight studies in this volume enrich our knowledge of Roman writing with many new aspects and detailed observations.

In questo volume sono stati raccolti i risultati delle indagini condotte dal Gruppo Studi Sotterranei per la Turchia su due aree specifiche della Cappadocia, Goreme e Sahinefendi, integrati da documentazione realizzata in collaborazione con ricercatori ucraini, francesi e turchi. Oggetto della attivita del Team e stata l'individuazione e la documentazione delle architetture sotterranee complementari alle piu conosciute e monumentali chiese rupestri bizantine. Tale ricerca, condotta con tecniche speleologiche e rilievi archeometrici, ha permesso, in particolare, il ritrovamento di numerose strutture a carattere difensivo, prima del tutto sconosciute, e di peculiari sistemi idraulici ipogei funzionali alla loro organizzazione. Ne emerge un quadro del tutto inedito delle aree indagate, in cui le opere ecclesiali e funerarie scavate nelle rocce rappresentano soltanto la punta di un 'iceberg di pietra', cioe la parte piu evidente e piu vicina alla superficie di un mondo sotterraneo che si e rivelato assai piu esteso e diversificato di quanto si potesse immaginare.

Tauric Chersonesos was one of the prominent ancient Greek centres on the north coast of the Black Sea. This comprehensive study of the cults of the gods of the Chersonesan polis, firmly based on the available sources, sheds new light on the religious life of this ancient Greek centre at various stages in its development.

The mural paintings of Cacaxtla were discovered by chance in 1975. They arouse excitement in the Mesoamericanist community for their original style, at the crossroads of traditions from the Central Highlands, the Maya area and the Gulf Coast. Vibrant polychrome references also echo the sculpted panels of the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent at Xochicalco (Morelos), known since the late 18th century. These hybrid visual assemblages constitute the starting point for a discussion of cultural interactions and the fabrication of prestige. After the disintegration of the Teotihuacan system around 550 AD, how did the city-states of the Central Highlands transform their material culture to construct new political discourses to establish their new local authority? Thanks to the joint contribution of anthropology, art anthropology and archaeology, the purpose of this book is to explore holistically the way in which these Mesoamerican societies thought and created their otherness and expressed it in their visual and material universe.

La ciudad de Buenos Aires, fundada en 1580, tras un intento fallido previo, fue establecida sobre una meseta natural frente al caudaloso Rio de la Plata, con un pequeno puerto natural ubicado en un rio cercano llamado Riachuelo. La presencia de poblacion originaria en el lugar es un tema de discusion en este libro. La region era parte del sistema natural de tierras bajas e inundables. La ciudad se extendio sobre las tierras altas hasta que en la mitad del siglo XIX la necesidad de ocupar nuevos espacios llevo a concebir un proyecto poco comun para la epoca: rellenar las tierras bajas con basura y escombro, aunque se alteraran los desagues naturales, para luego edificar encima. Los antecedentes provienen del siglo XVIII, pero la falta de tecnologia lo hizo imposible de llevar a gran escala. Para el ensayo inicial de ese manejo de la basura se fundo en 1855 un pueblo, Belgrano, excavado por el autor de este libro, donde se experimento con el manejo de la basura para rellenos de nivelacion; el sistema fue eficiente pero los costos sociales fueron tremendos y a la vez minimizados. A partir de alli mas de la mitad del suelo de la ciudad ha sido hecho con rellenos de varios metros de altura, compensados con el rebaje de las zonas elevadas para rellenar tierras bajas y manejar la basura urbana. Esta politica de manejo de residuos y de venta de tierras no aptas para urbanizarse, se justificaba desde una paralela construccion literaria, la de la pampa infinita, tierra plana de una horizontalidad imposible de existir. Era la imagen que el pais vendia al exterior como exportador de productos ganaderos y agricolas. La arqueologia ha ido excavando cada uno de los sectores altos y bajos para comprender este proceso nunca explicitado de transformacion del territorio. La arqueologia urbana para el autor se define como el estudio de las ciudades actuales, que existen y funcionan, no de ciudades muertas sino vivas, no es la busqueda de etapas anteriores bajo construcciones actuales. Es la comprension del fenomeno urbano, la ciudad y su territorio, desde sus inicios hasta hoy. Una "arqueologia de nosotros mismos" que interpela al presente y busca en el pasado la explicacion de acciones y decisiones actuales.

Art as Ritual Engagement is examined through a case study of feminised funerary representation in the repertoire of Watetkhethor, an elite woman interred in the mastaba tomb of her spouse, Mereruka, at Saqqara, c.2345-2181 BCE.

Dimore della Cirenaica analizza l'edilizia residenziale urbana della Cirenaica (Libia orientale) rivolgendosi in particolare alle citta di Cirene e Tolemaide su di un arco cronologico che va dalla prima alla tarda eta imperiale. La prima parte, in forma catalogica, e incentrata su ventuno casi-studio. In queste sezioni e incluso l'inquadramento dell'assetto urbano e dei principali edifici delle due citta esaminate. Lo sviluppo di ciascuna residenza viene qui illustrato, delineando altresi paralleli all'interno della regione e del piu ampio scenario imperiale. Nella seconda parte vengono estrapolati i temi chiave prima trattati separatamente al fine di discuterli in modo piu ampio. Gli argomenti principali affrontati riguardano le caratteristiche delle piante e degli elevati, la decorazione e il quadro socio-economico della Cirenaica delineato in base allo studio delle dimore. L'analisi e volta a ricostruire la storia degli edifici indagati e a evidenziare il ruolo della loro evoluzione architettonica come indicatore dei cambiamenti intervenuti, sia a livello locale che piu ampio, durante il periodo in esame. Questo studio sistematizza informazioni sparse in altre pubblicazioni e nuovi dati, commenti e discussioni che l'autrice ha raccolto tramite il lavoro sul campo e le ricerche d'archivio. Il risultato consiste in un corpus di evidenze che rappresenta il punto di partenza per ogni futura ricerca su questi temi.

In this important and beautifully illustrated book, David Breeze elucidates the context of the most famous frontier, Hadrian‿s Wall. The zone to north and south of the Wall was a heavily militarised landscape of roads, bridges, forts, fortlets and towers, but also the towns, settlements and supply infrastructure on which the army depended.

Presents the results of the main ongoing archaeological and historical research focusing on medieval suburbia and rural sites in Sicily. The volume is divided into thematic areas: Urbanscapes, suburbia, hinterlands; Inland and mountainous landscapes; Changes in rural settlement patterns; and Defence and control of the territory.

The Seminar for Arabian Studies is the longest continually running academic forum for the presentation of cultural heritage research on the Arabian Peninsula. Subjects include archaeology, epigraphy, history, ethnography, art, architecture, linguistics, and literature from prehistory to the early twentieth century.

These vibrant Mélanges celebrate the life and work of an exceptional scientist, Jean-Loïc Le Quellec. The book bears witness to the transdisciplinarity, rigour and benevolence that characterise this great scholar, and through diverse contributions explore themes dear to him: mythologies, folklore, cave arts, cultural heritage, and more.

Eight papers, ranging from the Chalcolithic in Northwest Africa and Iberia to the Iron Age in Central Europe, shed light on issues as diverse as the principles of chronology building, the role of alleged 'defensive' enclosures, pottery studies, use-wear analysis of Iron Age weaponry and the Hallstatt/La Tene transition in the eastern Alps.

This volume traces the scientific work of some thirty prehistorians, geologists and paleontologists from the end of the 19th and 20th centuries in territories (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sahara) where prehistoric and protohistoric discoveries were numerous and fruitful.

Robert Koehl has long considered processions to have played an integral role in Aegean Bronze Age societies. Papers concentrate mainly on evidence from Crete, the Cyclades and the Greek mainland, with additional perspectives from abroad, these geographic divisions forming the basic outline of this volume.

Chapters in this volume, with contributions from a a wide range of multidisciplinary specialists, demonstrates the diversity and vibrancy of international research collaboration in the archaeology of Georgia and underlines the enormous potential of the country‿s archaeological resource.

La villa romana di Punta Eolo e una "villa a padiglioni" situata all'estremita nord di Ventotene, dove si protende nel mare per circa 300 m di lunghezza e 100 m di larghezza, sviluppandosi per oltre tre ettari attorno a uno scalo portuale. La residenza, originariamente concepita come villa d'otium, fu la sede coatta di Giulia maggiore, figlia dell'imperatore Augusto, dopo la condanna per adulterio e la relegatio ad insulam nel 2 a.C. Nel I secolo d.C. la villa continuo a svolgere la funzione di luogo di reclusione per condannate di status imperiale. Gli scavi archeologici del complesso, coordinati da G.M. De Rossi negli anni 1990-2005, restituirono una grande quantita di frammenti di affreschi, stucchi, lastre Campana e rivestimenti pavimentali. Il presente libro e il risultato di un lungo lavoro di documentazione e analisi dei reperti messi in luce nel settore residenziale della villa.