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Stonehenge presents us with one of the greatest archaeological mysteries from prehistory. With each new breakthrough in field research and technological innovation, the full scale and significance of the ancient site only deepens. In this new magisterial study by Nikolai Tolstoy, an essentially historical approach is used to try and explain the human story behind the implacable stones, and to enliven our understanding of Stonehenge through the fragments of myth and ritual that survive through Britain's oral tradition. With years of patient study and an acquired fluency with the island's many ancient languages, Tolstoy excavates a new theory from the layers of cultural sediment. Whilst admitting the latest archaeological evidence and research, Tolstoy aims to reconstruct the significant aspects of British pagan ideology and thinking from the pre-Roman era. By exploring the myths and rituals passed down alongside the material remnants of this lost civilisation, Stonehenge becomes illumined as the 'sacred centre' of Britain, the holy site at which the ancient peoples' most profound beliefs - in the birth, destruction and eventual rebirth of their island itself - were celebrated.

Founded in 1873, the Holland America Line provided services carrying passengers and freight between the Netherlands and North America. When the Second World War ended, only nine of Holland America Line's twenty-five ships had survived and the company set about rebuilding. The pride of HAL's post-war fleet was SS Rotterdam, completed in 1959, which was one of the first ships on the North Atlantic equipped to offer two-class transatlantic crossings and single-class luxury cruising. However, competition from the airlines meant that in the early 1970s Holland America ended their transatlantic passenger services; in 1973 the company sold its cargo-shipping division. Now owned by the American cruise line Carnival, Holland America offers round-the-world voyages and cruises in the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and Asia. In this book, renowned ocean liner historian and author William H. Miller takes a look at the Holland America Line and its post-war fleet up to 2015.

Bricks are all around us, yet we seldom stop to look at them. There is an almost infinite range of bricks and, likewise, brick colours. Years ago every small district had its own brickworks to meet local demand, and larger businesses began to develop alongside better transport links that allowed them to supply regionally. Many of these local works left a record of their existence in the form of their name, pressed into the frog of the bricks they made - in some cases, the only sign that they ever existed. This book uses the named examples to look at the development of brickworks in Britain and the wide range of bricks that they made. From the single kiln in a field to the massive continuous kilns and chimneys that grew in areas where the right clays were available, millions of bricks were produced to feed the demands of housing, transport and industry. Specialist requirements for bricks to resist high temperatures were met by using fireclay and silica rock for refractory bricks. Today there are far fewer producers, but their output can be enormous and modern works continue to supply the demand for the humble brick.

Until recently beads were under-researched. Even today in the UK, antique markets, necklaces and single beads still turn up in bargain boxes at cheap prices, whether glass, plastic, semiprecious stones - in fact almost anything that can have a threadable hole - or ethnic jewellery, holiday souvenirs or lavish carnival costume accessories. Throughout history, beads have shown prestige and wealth in their roles as trade goods, heirlooms and dowry, markers of tribal loyalty, prayer aids, magic talismans, love tokens and signs of status in life. Beads reveal the most amazing skills and give us an idea of the things we value enough to copy in miniature. They continue to display astonishing ingenuity - they are made of almost every possible material. Handmade or mass-produced glass, stone, ceramic, bone, shell, coral, amber, jet, cast or handwrought metals; found objects; constructed with tiny beads stitched together or woven in traditional patterns: each piece leads to new discoveries. This book helps you explore the origins of many of your treasures, whatever types of bead you collect, covering a wide range of categories such as 'eye beads', Millefiori Trade Beads found in the 1960s, exotic tropical seeds necklaces, carved nuts, Art Deco chokers, real or reproduction Egyptian Mummy beads, Tibetan stone Zi beads with applied designs, rosaries and prayer beads or even the antique beads found on traditional English lace bobbins!

Before the age of the lighthouse Scotland's untamed seas and perilous rocky coast too often witnessed the watery end to the mariner's voyage. From its establishment in 1786, it was the remit of the Northern Lighthouse Board to tame these harsh seas with the building of guiding lights around Scotland's rugged coast 'For the Safety of All'. The history of Scotland's lighthouses would be dominated by one family of engineers. For its first 150 years, the NLB would be shaped by four generations of the Stevenson family as lighthouse builders, innovators and inventors. From humble beginnings at Kinnaird Head, this family would perfect the engineering marvels of the Bell Rock and Skerryvore, and pioneer wireless technologies into the modern age. The lighthouse story is also one of habitation on the Stevensons' creations on the extremities of civilisation as the light-keepers, and their families, lived and served on the wind-battered terrain of Scotland's edge. It was a story of survival, a unique way of life, which came and went within the pages of this history. The technological breakthroughs which began with the Stevensons advanced to automation and the end of the light-keeper. Nowadays the lights still flash, but there's nobody there.

Home to the first recorded town in Britain, Essex has a vast wealth of history. However, historical accounts of the county have tended to focus on the major settlements and have left large parts unexplored. Through the work of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), alongside continuing professional excavations, it has been possible to fill in those gaps. Not only have there been many objects recorded with the PAS that are individually significant, but recording these finds has allowed us to identify many new archaeological sites that had previously been unrecognised. From Bronze Age hoards to Medieval pilgrim badges, the PAS records for Essex cover every period in history. The Burnham-on-Crouch hoard provides insight into the burial of objects in the Late Bronze Age, while the Ardleigh pommel highlights the incredible skill of Anglo-Saxon goldsmiths. The work of the PAS also provides evidence of how people continue to deposit objects today. Some of these finds have improved our understanding of society in the past, while others can be admired for their beauty alone. 50 Finds from Essex showcases a select group of objects recorded with the PAS and explains their significance within our wider understanding of the archaeology of Essex.

Archaeology is understanding people in the past from what they have left behind. Objects inform us about how people lived, what they made and the things they did. There has often been a view that there are no archaeological finds in the North West. However, through the work of the Portable Antiquities Scheme and the display of existing museum collections, this traditional view is being challenged. By looking at objects discovered in Lancashire, recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme, we can demonstrate the continuity of activity within this county. Lancashire has revealed the longevity of its past through a range of both functional and decorative objects. Objects were made and traded from the Copper Age, through the Bronze Age and into the Iron Age and Roman periods; the Silverdale Viking Hoard, similar in object types and period to the Cuerdale Hoard, further demonstrates significant Early Medieval activity. Meanwhile, Post-Medieval artefacts reveal long journeys of religious pilgrimage and persecution. 50 Finds from Lancashire allows us to look at the continuity of our past using archaeological finds to illustrate what has previously been hidden away.

In September 1665, plague was inadvertentlytransported from London to Eyam in Derbyshire on a consignment of cloth. This small country village subsequently became famous for its decision to instate a A ecordon sanitaireA f, isolaoiing itself to prevent the disease from spreading. Much of EyamA fs population perished during that torrid period. Eyam: Plague Village follows the local rector, the Revd William Mompesson, as he tries to support his parishioners and contain the disease. Basing his account closely on the known facts, David Paul describes the events during this time in the villageA fs history from the perspectives of the rector, his wife Catherine, and the fictional character of Beth Hounsfeild, CatherineA fs cousin.

Secret Newark goes behind the facades of the familiar to discover the lesser-known aspects of the town's fascinating past. Situated on the important old Roman road, the Fosse Way, the ancestral market town grew around the, now ruined, Newark Castle and its large marketplace. Later, during the English Civil War, the town was a hotbed of royalist support and was besieged three times by parliamentarian forces. Today the town serves as a thriving and picturesque site, boasting many heritage attractions and activities. Newark has many secrets, and as you walk along the streets you are walking through history. There are clear reminders of the town's past everywhere, waiting for you to stop, look and listen to their intriguing stories. On a journey through this ancient town, Jillian Campbell and Mike Cox tell these forgotten or untold tales. You may think that you know Newark, but take another look around and you will find more than you could possibly imagine.

Nottingham was crowned England's first City of Football, the Major Oak in Sherwood Forest was chosen as the country's best-loved tree and both Nottingham Forest Football Club and the city's Theatre Royal celebrated their 150th anniversaries, all in 2015. Forest is the second oldest football league club in the world (after Notts County, which began in 1862) and Don Wright tells its unique story largely through the exceptional individuals who formed and shaped it. Inspired by Italian freedom fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi's redshirts, the young founders of the Forest Football Club, who played on the Forest recreation ground near the centre of Nottingham, decided that Garibaldi red would be their colour and so it has remained ever since. Forest are the original reds of world soccer. Walter Roe Lymbery was in turn captain, chairman and secretary/treasurer, setting the club on its feet. Another Victorian, Sam Weller Widdowson contributed new methods and ideas. He invented the shinguard, proposed the referee's whistle and introduced the 2-3-5 line-up that was universally adopted and still in use up to the 1950s. Tinsley Lindley was a famous Forester and Corinthian who championed the cause of the professional player. Forest won the FA Cup for the first time in 1898 and celebrated by opening the City Ground. Frank and Fred Forman became the first brothers from the same Football League club to be capped by England. Less well known were winger Bob Firth and centre-forward Randolph Septimus Galloway both of whom made their mark in Europe as managers. Firth made Real Madrid champions of Spain in 1932/32 and Galloway guided Sporting Lisbon to three Portuguese titles from 1950 to 1953. Back home, Bob Marsters' Forest defeated Everton to win the Victory Shield in 1919. But the master managers were Billy Walker, twenty-one years in office, and Brian Clough, eighteen years in charge. Walker gave the Reds a glorious decade when they climbed from the Third Division South to the top flight and won the FA Cup in 1959. Clough, with Peter Taylor's help, made Forest English champions and twice champions of Europe. Truly, the Forest story is the stuff of legends.

Looking Back at Class 24 & 25 Locomotives takes a closer look at these plucky and versatile Type 2 locos in a full-colour photographic album. The images follow the locomotives from their introduction in the late 1950s and throughout their service years, continuing to their final demise from everyday service. Inside we look at some of the variations that have appeared over the years and at many of the liveries they have borne. A varied selection of locations and workings have been chosen from a vast library of colour photographs, which are accompanied by informative captions; they are sure to appeal to both the enthusiast and the modeller alike.

Subterranean Stockport reveals a hidden world beneath the streets of Stockport - a Greater Manchester town with a rich industrial past. It includes water tunnels from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries - excavated to supply water-powered corn and silk mills - as well as caves, culverts, sewers, icehouses, and abandoned air-raid shelters. This book documents the adventures of a group of urban explorers who have spent several years investigating and photographing underground Stockport. With history, anecdotes, sketches, and over 100 colour photographs, Emma Brown has created a unique record of Stockport's forgotten places.

Dream Cities is a lively, unique and accessible cultural history of modern cities which allows us to view them through the planning, design, architects and movements that inspired and built them. It explores our urban areas in a new way - as expressions of ideas, often conflicting, about how we should live, work, play, make, buy and think - and tells the stories of the people who imagined the cities that became the blueprints for the world we live in. Starting in the nineteenth century and continuing to today, what began as visionary concepts - sometimes utopian, sometimes outlandish, always controversial - were gradually adopted and constructed on a massive scale in cities around the world, from Dubai to Ulan Bator, London to Los Angeles. Our leafy suburbs, city skyscraper districts, infotainment-driven shopping malls and 'sustainable' eco-developments are seen here as never before, from the fantasy villages of Bertram Goodhue to the superblocks of Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City. In this elegantly designed and illustrated book, Graham uncovers the original plans of brilliant, obsessed and sometimes megalomaniacal designers, revealing the foundations of today's varied urban environment. Dream Cities is nothing less than a field guide to our modern world.

Barrow-in-Furness is a small post-industrial town at the end of a long peninsula in the north of England. Its isolated location has produced a stalwart and close population. It started life as a small hamlet and grew to become an industrial leader, first in iron and steel and later in ship-building and engineering, drawing a workforce from all over the country. The ship-building industry continues to be a major employer but today there is less diversity than in Barrow's heyday. Although the town is known for its industry, it sits in one of the most beautiful areas of Cumbria. It boasts a rich heritage and spectacular views to the Lake District and across Morecambe Bay and, surrounded on three sides by the sea, it enjoys its own temperate climate. Furness Abbey was a great influence on the area in the medieval period and there are castles, churches, monuments and memories just waiting to be discovered by the unsuspecting visitor.

Part of a new Holocaust remembrance series of important testimonies and memoirs from the unique collections of Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Centre. This is the story of two brothers caught up in the Nazi persecution of the Jews. After being transferred to several detention camps throughout Europe, they were eventually transported to Auschwitz. Rescued by the Quakers, they endured stays in several orphanages and eventual separation, before making new lives in the US and Israel, which included for Frederick a role in America's space programme. Touching and gripping, this autobiography arises out of their need to tell their story to their grandchildren. With its interplay between the two brothers, this is one of the most interesting Holocaust narratives to appear in recent years.

The UK has produced some of the most original, exciting and influential bands in the world and most of them have cut their teeth in one of the myriad music venues that criss-cross the capital. In this comprehensive and compelling book, author and photographer Carl Allen, the 'Pevsner of Rock 'n' roll', explores every nook and cranny of London's vast network of live venues, from grand old Victorian music halls to skanky backstreet boozers with barely enough room to swing a mic stand. Along the way he unearths some hidden gems, highlighting those venues that have achieved a mythical status and remembering those that have fallen by the wayside. Illustrated with full-colour photography, this is a complete history of the live music venues in London from the 1930s to the present day. Each entry includes basic details such as how to get there, as well as all the key background information, including live recordings, noteworthy gigs and infamous incidents and a history of the building before its life as a live venue. This book is a must for all self-respecting music lovers living in or visiting our great capital city.

Evesham is a picturesque market town that sits within a loop of the River Avon roughly halfway between Stratford-upon-Avon and Tewkesbury. The name of the town (from Eof's homme) evokes the Legend of Evesham, which tells how a swineherd saw a vision of the Virgin Mary. Evesham Abbey, founded by St Ecgwine in the early eighth century, grew into one of the most important abbeys in England. The iconic bell tower, completed c. 1532, stands as an imposing reminder of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Evesham grew from a small Anglo-Saxon settlement, centred on the abbey, into a thriving market town serving the surrounding Vale of Evesham. The temperate climate of the vale, nestling between Bredon Hill and the Cotswold edge, allowed it to develop into an important centre for horticulture. Indeed, Evesham is world famous for market gardening, especially the growing of asparagus. A tourist destination since the 1820s, Evesham continues to welcome visitors to its festivals, shops, cafs, inns and ancient churches.

This is the fascinating story of the development of early British steam fire engines by a renowned expert on emergency services vehicles and equipment. Ronald Henderson, a member of the Fire Brigade Society and an expert on steam engines, covers the history of the early inventions that coupled steam with fire pumps. This includes the concepts created by firms such as Braithwaite & Ericsson and their steam fire pump and also further inventions by Merryweather & Sons and Shand, Mason & Co., including hand-drawn and horse-drawn fire engines. This book will appeal to all steam enthusiasts and to those who are interested in early industrial technology. It provides a fascinating insight into the way that steam was harnessed to improve the efficiency of firefighting services and how that led to the modern fire engines of today.

Before the emergence of the steam railway rocketed the likes of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Robert Stephenson - the great Victorian engineers - into the limelight, there was a 'Colossus' who dominated the engineering scene and laid the foundations for what was to follow. Thomas Telford built a series of ambitious road and canal projects, as well as many notable bridges - including the ground-breaking Menai Suspension Bridge - numerous harbour works and buildings. Contrasting old and new images, John Christopher examines Telford's principal works to highlight his diverse, but often overshadowed, achievements. These include not only the Menai bridge, of course, but also the other masonry and iron bridges, the Ellesmere Canal with its aqueducts at Pontcysyllte and Chirk, the Caledonian Canal slicing though Scotland's Great Glen, and the A5 road running between London and Holyhead.

King's Lynn History Tour is a unique guide to the captivating past of this market and port town, located in the ceremonial county of Norfolk within the east of England. Local author Paul Richards guides the reader through its historical streets and shows how Lynn's famous landmarks and hidden-away gems have transformed over time. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited on this tour to discover for themselves the changing face of King's Lynn.

Central Birmingham History Tour provides unique insight into the illustrious history of the heart of England's second city. Local author Eric Armstrong guides us through the streets of this West Midlands powerhouse, showing how its famous landmarks used to look and how they've changed over the years, as well as exploring its lesser-known sights and hidden corners. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited to follow a timeline of events and discover for themselves the changing face of central Birmingham.

St Albans History Tour is a unique guide to the illustrious past of this delightful city in southern Hertfordshire. As one of the earliest recorded cities in Britain, St Albans has had a long, colourful and distinguished history. Dominated by the great abbey church of St Alban, the adjacent site was a thriving market town in Saxon, Norman, medieval and Georgian times. Robert Bard guides us through its historical streets, showing how its famous landmarks used to look and how they've changed over the years, as well as exploring its lesser-known sights and hidden corners. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited to follow a timeline of events and discover for themselves the changing face of St Albans.

Well-proportioned, versatile, aesthetic, durable - the English Electric Class 37, the great survivor of the modernisation-plan diesel fleet, deserves all of these accolades and more. Never as celebrated as the Deltics, never as idolised as the Westerns, always intended to be a workhorse; this is the locomotive that has, in many ways, surpassed its more illustrious peers as an example of all that is best in motive power design and engineering. This pictorial collection contains nearly 200 photographs of one of the best loved of diesel types, compiled by Andrew Walker with contributions from other photographers who, like him, have always been drawn to these great British locomotives. The Class 37s always roamed far and wide over the national network, and this book covers locations ranging from the Scottish Highlands to South Wales, showing the 37s on freight and passenger duties, at depots and in works. Showcasing images from the 1970s through to the present day, the book provides detailed captions with in-depth technical specifications and information on the individual locos, their history and operation in traffic, and features many of the class variants and their liveries over the decades.

Seen together for the first time, this fascinating collection of nearly 200 images illustrates Dorset's rich and varied brewing history. The brewing industry of the county is explored from the nineteenth century to the current crop of micro-brewers, with their remarkable range of ales, bringing history up to date. Aspects such as malting, transport, tied pubs and advertising are included in this comprehensive history, which provides an overview of Dorset's brewing heritage before looking more closely at individual concerns in geographically based chapters. A valuable insight into two centuries of changes in the brewing industry is provided by the wealth of photographs and prints. Informative captions complement the images, making the book an entertaining reference point. There was a time when most Dorset towns had a brewery chimney as a landmark. While many remain, some have fallen by the wayside. Across the county the number of micro-breweries continues to rise, reinvigorating the industry. The authors will take the reader through their individual stories. Fully illustrated, the book will inspire the reader to visit a Dorset pub and buy a Dorset beer.

Stroud History Tour offers a unique insight into the history and buildings of a fascinating Cotswold market town. An itinerary has been created which will lead the reader to view the many places of interest lying along Stroud's streets, public areas and byways. Although intended to begin at the town's surviving railway station, the route can be joined at any point and, similarly, abandoned where desired - perhaps at one of Stroud's many street cafes. By following the proposed tour it will become apparent which parts of the town date from the earliest times and also how its religious buildings have altered, or been put to new uses. In addition, interspersed among the captions, are anecdotes taken from the author's personal and family history. A numbered map is included to assist the reader in exploring the fascinating changes that have taken place over the last century or so in Stroud.

Cromer & Sheringham History Tour is a unique insight into the illustrious history of the North Norfolk coast. The two towns were once small fishing villages and were reinvented in the nineteenth century as seaside resorts. Michael Rouse guides the reader through the historical streets, showing how the beautiful area has transformed over time. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited on this tour to discover for themselves the changing face of Cromer and Sheringham.

Bideford History Tour is a unique guide to the fascinating past of an historic English port town. Sited astride the River Torridge, its two halves are linked by the thirteenth-century bridge with its twenty-four arches all of different sizes. Founded by the Saxons, it has a long and fascinating history as a port and market town. Peter Christie and Graham Hobbs guide the reader through its charming streets, showing how its famous landmarks and hidden-away gems have transformed over time. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited on this tour to discover for themselves the changing face of Bideford.

Winchester History Tour is a unique insight into the illustrious history of the ancient capital of Wessex. From the time of its Iron Age settlements, rulers, bishops and inhabitants over the last two millennia have left their mark on the city. Anglo-Saxon street plans, medieval gateways, and castles still preside, as do buildings of religious and scholarly importance. It is this past, tinged with myths and legends, and tales of our most celebrated monarch King Alfred, which attracts people from all around the world. Local author Anne-Louise Barton guides the reader through streets that are steeped in history, showing how its famous landmarks and hidden-away gems have transformed over time. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited on this tour to discover for themselves the changing face of Winchester.

Just 5 miles south from the Welsh capital of Cardiff lies the charming seaside town of Penarth. It boasts some fine examples of Victorian and Edwardian architecture from the town's heyday in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when it was fondly referred to as 'the garden by the sea'. David Ings guides the reader along its elegant seafront and through the charismatic streets; with the help of a handy location map, readers are invited along to discover for themselves the changing face of Penarth.

Nestled in the English countryside lies Ely, a small city within eastern Cambridgeshire. Its top tourist attraction is a stunning medieval cathedral that looms atop a low hill, visible for miles across the Fens. Local author Pamela Blakeman guides the reader through the streets of this beautiful city, showing how its famous landmarks and hidden-away gems have transformed over time. With the help of a handy location map, readers are invited on this history tour to discover for themselves the present face of Ely.