Böcker av World Health Organization(WHO)

Provides model prescribing information for essential drugs used in the treatment of skin diseases. Emphasis is placed on skin diseases commonly found in developing countries, since rural communities in these areas continue to experience considerable disability, disfigurement, and distress caused by curable or controllable diseases. Some rare but life-threatening disorders, such as pemphigus, are also briefly discussed. The aim is to provide reliable guidelines for treating these diseases - safely, effectively, and at the lowest possible cost - in the community and knowing when patients must be referred for highly specialized care. Though emphasis is placed on management using drugs in the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs, the book also discusses prevention through improvements in hygiene, nutrition, housing, sanitation, and other environmental factors. The book has two parts. The first briefly profiles common skin diseases, moving from parasitic infections, through fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, to papulosquamous diseases, pigmentary disorders, and malignant melanoma. Conditions common in children, acne vulgaris, cutaneous reactions to drugs, and urticaria are also covered. Each disease or group of diseases is introduced with facts about its prevalence, manifestations, and causes, followed by advice on prevention and management, including recommended drugs and dosage schedules. The second part presents model prescribing information for essential drugs used in the treatment of skin diseases. Each drug is described according to a common format which covers clinical indications, dosage and administration, contraindications and precautions, use in pregnancy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and proper storage.

A collection of 28 monographs covering the quality control and traditional and clinical uses of selected medicinal plants. Plants were selected for inclusion on the basis of their widespread use, particularly in countries that rely heavily on medicinal plants to meet primary health care needs. Monographs are provided for a number of phytomedicines traditionally used to treat such common complaints as diarrhoea, constipation, headache, appetite loss, sleep disorders, fatigue, and mild respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin disorders. Additional medical applications assessed range from the lipid-lowering potential of garlic powder preparations, through the possible antiplasmodial activity of Fructus Bruceae, to the role of curcumin in promoting peptic ulcer healing and reducing the associated abdominal pain. In preparing and publishing these monographs, WHO aims to encourage standardized scientific approaches to ensuring the safety, quality and efficacy of medicinal plants and their products. The monographs are also intended to promote international harmonization in the quality control and use of herbal medicines and to serve as models for the development of national formularies. Draft monographs were finalized following review by over 100 experts in 40 countries. Some 1400 references to the literature are included. Each monograph follows a standard format, with information presented in two parts. The first gives pharmacopoeial summaries for quality assurance, botanical features, distribution, identity tests, purity requirements, chemical assays, and active or major chemical constituents. A section on definition provides the Latin binomial pharmacopoeial name, the most important criterion in quality assurance. Latin pharmacopoeial synonyms and vernacular names, listed in the section on synonyms and selected vernacular names, are those names used in commerce or by local consumers. The second part of each monograph begins with a list of dosage forms and of medicinal uses categorized as uses supported by clinical data, uses described in pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine, and uses described in folk medicine, but not yet supported by experimental or clinical data. Each monograph also includes an extensive review of available data on experimental and clinical pharmacology, followed by information on contraindications, such as sensitivity or allergy, warnings, precautions, particularly in such special groups as pregnant and breast-feeding women, adverse reactions, and dosage. A list of references concludes the monograph. Plants covered in volume 1: Bulbus Allii CepaeBulbus Allii SativiAloeAloe Vera GelRadix AstragaliFructus BruceaeRadix BupleuriHerba CentellaeFlos ChamomillaeCortex Cinnamomi Rhizoma CoptidisRhizoma Curcumae LongaeRadix EchinaceaeHerba Echinaceae PurpureaeHerba EphedraeFolium GinkgoRadix GinsengRadix GlycyrrhizaeRadix Paeoniae Semen PlantaginisRadix PlatycodiRadix RauwolfiaeRhizoma RheiFolium SennaeFructus SennaeHerba ThymiRadix ValerianaeRhizoma Zingiberis

Generally accepted scientific priniciples and requirements applied to neurotoxicology.

A wide-ranging account of traditional medical practices is intended to provide health administrators and practitioners with background information that may help them improve health care coverage, especially in developing countries, through a judicious blending of orthodox and unorthodox health resources.

Provides consensus advice for the correct and safe prescribing of essential drugs used in anaesthesia. Prepared by WHO in collaboration with the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, the book is the first in a series of handbooks offering up-to-date and objective information on the correct prescribing of essential drugs. The book opens with a concise introduction to the do's, don'ts, musts, and nevers of drug use in anaesthesia. Though reliance is placed firmly on WHO's Model List of Essential Drugs, other options are discussed where these have particular relevance. Procedures that are absolutely contraindicated when certain essential skills and equipment are not available are clearly indicated. The main part consists of model information sheets for 31 drugs presented in the categories of premedication, general and local anaesthetics, non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics and antagonists, muscle relaxants and cholinesterase inhibitors, blood substitutes, and solutions for correcting water and electrolyte imbalance. For each drug, general information on properties and uses is followed by details of dosage and administration, contraindications, precautions, use in pregnancy, adverse effects, drug interactions, the signs and treatment of overdose, and storage requirements. Information on drugs used to induce general anaesthesia is especially detailed, including advice on each drug's advantages and disadvantages as well as details on its use according to different techniques.

The sixth edition of an educational handbook revised and updated in 1992 that has become a standard text for training teachers in the health sciences. Unorthodox in its approach, the book challenges teachers to increase their skills so as to make learning

This book provides a practical guide to the design and implementation of health information systems in developing countries. Noting that most existing systems fail to deliver timely reliable and relevant information the book responds to the urgent need to