Böcker av Stan McDonald

Welcome to the 14th edition of the US error coin guide - Variety Edition. New additions and error values are added on an annual basis from auctions we attend. The information in this guide is based on 60 years of coin collecting experience, authoring articles for coin magazines, associations with numismatic organizations, and research from PCGS, NGC, the US Mint, and the US Treasury. Complete photos and descriptions of varieties Lising of auction values. Variety CoinsA variety coin is deemed to be a coin minted using different dies, altered dies, or a damaged die. Variations occur when an alternate die with different details is used accidentally or intentionally. Mint workers can create varieties by altering the details on a die. A die can become damaged, and if it produces coins with the exact same flaw, a variety is created. Variety Coins listed in this GuideIndian Cents 1860 round and pointed bust, 1865 fancy "5", 1870 pickaxe. 1870-1873 shallow 'N', 1873 open and closed "3", and 1886 feather pointing or not pointing between the I and C. Lincoln Cents 1909 VDB and no VDB, 1922-D no D, 1928-S standard and large S, 1941-S large and small S, 1943 steel, 1946-S inverted S, 1960 small and large dates, 1970-S large and small date, 1974 large and small dates, 1982 large and small dates/zinc and bronze, Filled and clear S mintages, 1988 no FG, and Wide and close AM mintages. Buffalo Nickels 1913 raised and flat ground, Two feathers - 27, Three and one-half leg varieties, 1937-D three legged Jefferson Nickels 1939 reverse of 1938 and 1940 includes D and S, 1941-S inverted mintmark, 1941-S large and small dates, 1942-45 nickel and silver issues.2004 and 2005 designs, 2005-D detached leg, 2005-D speared bison, 2005 and 2006 design changes Mercury Dimes 1942/1, and 1945-Smicro S Roosevelt Dimes 1946 P&D blunt nine, 1968, 1970, & 1975 proof no S, 1982 no P.1979 & 1971 filled and clear S Washington Quarters 1934 light, medium, and heavy motto, 1934-D light, medium, and heavy motto, 1934-D large D, medium motto, 1941-S large and small S, 1943-S Goiter, 1952 super bird, 1952-D large D, 1953 re-engraved tailfeathers, 1956 through 1964 proof reverses, 1964-D type C, reverse of 65, 1979 and 1981 clear and filled S, 2004-D WI, extra leaf high and low, 2005-P & D Minnesota Extra Tree Walking Liberty Halves 1941 no "AW", 1944-D initials engraved in die, and 1945 no AW. Franklin Halves Bugs Bunny 1949-1963, 1952 scare face, 1952-D booger, and 1956 Type I and Type II Morgan Dollars Over 50 variations Peace Dollar 1923 Whisker Jaw Eisenhower Dollars 1971-D friendly eagle, 1971-S peg leg, 1971-S filled and clear S, 1972 three types and 1976-D type I and II Sacagawea Dollar2000-P Cheerios, 2000-P wounded eagle Presidential Dollar2007-P elongated ray

The contents of this book have been written with 60 years of experience in numismatics, education and research, membership in coin clubs, and authoring articles for coin magazines. There are many books available for this subject, however, our guide is written by a lifelong collector with the accreditations to quality as a numismatist. This book is written for new collectors who want to learn about coin collecting and the fastest-growing area of collecting error coins. New collectors frequently make mistakes in identifying coin errors. It is important for all new collectors to familiarize themselves with the different error coin types. Coin Collecting BasicsCoin collecting basics such as coin details, coin abbreviations, coin specifications, mintmarks, mint locations, coin mintages, cleaning coins, counterfeits, and natural color are all musts for new collectors, and these are covered in this guide. In addition, coin preservation is important to ensure the surfaces of the coins remain in desirable condition. It is important to recognize coin variations, which can be categorized as intentional or non-intentional die changes. Common Minor Errors Common error coins located in circulation include abrasions, BIE, minor broad strikes, bubbles, brass-colored Lincoln cents, uneven height, uncentered strikes, counter stamped, cracked, embedded bits of debris, die chips, die clashes, die deterioration, misalignment, blemishes, filled letters and numbers, flat and smooth lettering, hub errors, lamination, machine doubling, mint mark placement, missing letters and numbers, rotated mint marks, spilt rims, small rim dents, struck through, stripes, and oddities. All of these are carefully described in this guide. Error Coins versus Damaged CoinsNew collectors need to be aware of damaged coins appearing like error coins. These issues include damaged rims, cuts and grooves, and discoloration not created by the US Mint. Die Creation The US mint makes a minting die in specific steps. A hub is the inverse (incuse) of a die used to make coins. When the mint needs to create stamping dies, a metal rod is pressed into the hub, transferring the inverse image to the rod. The metal rod becomes the die used to make mint coins. The die continues in use until it needs refining or breaks. Minting Coins The mint uses a blanking machine to stamp out planchets from the coil stock for all denominations except Lincoln cents. Lincoln cent blanks come from approved contractors, who send the blanks to the mint for stamping.Three steps occur in the process: annealing, washing, and edging. Annealing the metal softens it for stamping. The blank planchets are type I. The next step is to place an edge on the blanks, creating planchets ready for minting. The blanks with upset edging are type II. Coins get bagged, boxed, and ready for shipment to the Federal Reserve Banks. The Federal Reserve Banks then distribute the coins to their customers.The three major error categories-planchet, die, and striking errors-are described in detail with descriptions and photos. Obtaining the best equipment for error detection can help the collector find error coins still in circulation. The importance of coin-collecting organizations and detecting counterfeit coins. Doubled die and RPM error detection using the information in this guide will help a new collector become successful. Finding major and minor error coins and which error coins are not of added value.Locating error coins is essential for increasing the odds of finding rare error coins. A machine-doubled coin versus an authentic error coin will help new collectors avoid making mistakes with identification.

This guide contains a complete listing of the types of errors with descriptions and photos. A listing of all types of errors and the actual values of the errors is included and much more. This book reveals the types of errors in an existing coin search of 250,000 Lincoln cents, giving collectors an idea of what to expect from bankrolled coins. We have found many varieties of Lincoln cents minted from different dies created to produce coins in the same year. We have located many error coins from our search and sold them at coin shows for more than $3,000. Searching through rolls of Lincoln cents is an excellent way to find error coins of value and profit from the finds. Close to 28.8 billion wheat cents were minted from 1909 through 1958. From 1959 through 2021, 513 billion Lincoln cents were minted. From these numbers, it is easy to see why the chances for Lincoln cent errors are good. Since Lincoln cents are minted in the billions, the toll on the dies is extreme, with replacements frequently needed. Die cracks are common on coins dating from the 1990s as dies frequently fracture, creating various error types. Almost every date has before 1996 has an RPM error, and most dates have DDO errors which give collectors of error coins a wide range of dates to look for errors. There are thousands of error coins in circulation worth hundreds and thousands of dollars. Some error coins are apparent, and others are difficult to see without magnification. Error seekers have an opportunity to locate the coins that are not easily recognized by using this guide and the photos presented.