Böcker av Institute of Medicine

As requested by Congress and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), this report assists federal agencies in crafting plans and reports that are responsive to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), OMB Guidance, and agency missions. Using a case study approach, the report identifies best practices used by individual agencies to evaluate the performance and results of their science and technology programs. The report takes into account individual agencies' missions and how science and technology programs and human resource needs are factored into agency GPRA plans. Specific applications of recommendations are included from COSEPUP's earlier report entitled Evaluating Federal Research Programs: Research and the Government Performance and Results Act.

"Research based on decades of experience in the developing world has identified educational status, especially the status of the mother, as a major predictor of health outcomes and that the literature indicates that the gradient in health outcomes by educational attainment has steepened over the last four decades across the United States. Since the 1990s, while the average life expectancy in the United States has been steadily increasing, life expectancy has actually decreased for people without a high school education, especially white women. To understand the complex relationship between education and health and how this understanding could inform our nation's investments and policies, the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement held a public workshop in Washington, DC, on June 5, 2014. This workshop, which featured presentations and extensive discussion periods, also explored how the health and education sectors can work together more effectively to achieve improvements in both health status and educational achievement. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop."--

Providing nutrient guidelines, this book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, the best method to determine its requirements, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. It presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, and more.

"The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council ..."--T.p. verso.

"Biological differences between the sexes influence not only individual health but also public health, biomedical research, and health care. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop March 8-9, 2010, to discuss sex differences and their implications for translational neuroscience research, which bridges the gap between scientific discovery and application...."--

" ... the National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop, "Policy Issues in the Development of Personalized Medicine in Oncology," in Washington, DC, on June 8 and 9, 2009."--P. 1.

"On February 12, 2009, the Roundtable convened a workshop designed to address four central questions related to the development of systems to evaluate clinical use of health care innovations that stem from genome-based research ... "--P. 2.

"Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Press"--T.p.

Military personnel in the US have been exposed to depleted uranium as the result of friendly fire incidents, cleanup and salvage operations, and proximity to burning depleted uranium-containing tanks and ammunition. This book contains recommendations aimed at improving various epidemiologic studies that deal with potential DU exposure.

Recognizing that health care providers play an important role in fostering healthy behaviors among adolescents, this work examines the health status of adolescents and reviews the separate and uncoordinated programs and services delivered in multiple public and private health care settings.

In 2003 Congress passed the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act, which established a 5-year, $15 billion initiative to help countries around the world respond to their AIDS epidemics. This book recommends that the program should focuses on the long-term strategic planning and capacity building.

Public health efforts have resulted in tremendous improvements in the health of individuals and communities. This work focuses on the critical roles that physicians play in maintaining and strengthening the public health system, and identifies what these physicians need to know to engage in effective public health actions.

After-school programs, scout groups, community service activities, religious youth groups, and other community-based activities have been thought to play a key role in the lives of adolescents. This book offers recommendations for policy, practice, and research to ensure that programs are well designed to meet young people's developmental needs.

The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco. This book generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. It reviews prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments.