Böcker av Bimal Aryal

Diseased samples of the potato tuber were collected and the pathogen was identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. The Pure culture of the fungus was maintained and the antifungal activity of extracts of four aromatic plants (Mentha arvensis, Allium sativum, Zanthoxylum armatum and Eupatorium adenophorum) was assessed by poisoned food technique using five different concentrations i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% against F. oxysporum. Inoculum disc of 4mm in diameter was used in the experiment to test antifungal activity. The pathogenecity test was conducted by inoculating the pathogen in to the healthy tuber maintaining the aseptic conditions. Their fungitoxicity was calculated in terms of mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the test fungus. Extracts of Mentha arvensis, Allium sativum, Zanthoxylum armatum and Eupatorium adenophorum were able to check the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by 82.5, 90.0, 82.5 and 87.5 % at 25% concentration respectively. Among the extracts of the test plants, the extract of A. sativum was found to be the most effective to control the fungus growth.

Climate change is a global environmental threat which has affected the entire global communities by its impacts such as rise in temperature,changes in precipitation pattern,prolonged drought,landslide and flood. Livelihood of the poor and vulnerable people has been more difficult and people are migrating from rural areas to new urban cities. This study focuses on assessment of impacts of climate change on migration and livelihood challenges of migrants in the squatter settlement. It provides an over view of the total number of migrated households living in the settlement due to climate change along with the current state of environmental infrastructure and services available in the settlement. Moreover it suggests an urgent government action for the management of the urban squatters and describes how the solution of livelihood problems in the settlement can be linked to mitigate and adapt to climate change such as rainwater harvesting, flood control wall and biogas generation from bio-degradable solid waste. It deals with an integrated adaptation strategy for mitigation and adaptation to climate change improving the livelihood of squatters.

Nepal's contribution on global greenhouse gas emission is almost negligible compared to other developing countries however the carpet industries are considered as one of the major polluting industries. The major energy (more than 90%) is the traditional source obtained from fuel wood, agricultural residue and animal waste while the rest is from commercial fuel such as petroleum products and electricity. The study was carried out in Paramount Carpet Industry in Kathmandu. It focuses on the effectiveness of EMS implementation in the industry mainly in terms of reducing resource consumption and hence reducing greenhouse gas emission for mitigation to climate change. To evaluate the effectiveness of EMS implementation in the industry, comparison of the situation before and after its implementation was carried out. It also shows the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion for which primary data is utilized and findings show that the total greenhouse gas emission from Paramount Carpet Industry after one year of EMS implementation has reduced by 6.06% per ton of dyed woolen yarn.

Climate change has become one of the most challenging global environmental issues facing humanity. Urban centers especially cities with industries and infrastructure play a crucial role in the climate change and greenhouse gases which is expected to aggravate. Nowadays the expansion of cities is experiencing the growth of large slum areas notably in developing countries, threatening all aspects of the quality of life. This study focuses on Adaptation to Climate change and developing strategies for managing environment in such circumstances based on squatter settlement in Nepal. It is concerned with becoming better prepared and resilient to respond to changes in climate. More over it prioritizes the environmental problems and describes the importance of bio-degradable solid waste to generate bio-gas, carbon sequestration to reduce total carbon in the atmosphere together with the frequent flood control system.