Böcker i Springer Theses-serien

This thesis uses the tools of quantum information science to uncover fascinating new insights about the intersection of quantum theory and relativity. It is divided into three self-contained parts, the first of which employs detector models to investigate how the information content of quantum fields depends on spacetime curvature and global spacetime topology. The behavior of Unruh-DeWitt detectors on curved spacetimes are investigated, following which these detectors are used to probe the vacuum state of a scalar field in various topologies. This leads to a generalization of the entanglement harvesting protocol involving detectors in arbitrary curved spacetimes admitting a Wightman function. The second part extends the theory of quantum reference frames to those associated with noncompact groups. Motivated by the pursuit of a relational relativistic quantum theory where the group of reference frames is the Poincaré group, the author then generalizes a communication protocol between two parties lacking a common reference frame to the scenario where the group of transformations of their reference frame is a one-dimensional noncompact Lie group. Finally, the third part, inspired by theories of quantum gravity, generalizes the conditional probability interpretation of time, a proposed mechanism for time to emerge from a fundamentally timeless Universe. While the conditional probability interpretation of time is based upon conditioning a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation on a subsystem of the universe that acts a clock, the author extends this approach to include an interaction between the system being used as a clock and a system whose evolution the clock is tracking.

This thesis explores an amazing family of oxide compounds - the nickelates - known for their metal-to-insulator transition and, in the case of LaNiO3, to be a possible building block for designing a synthetic high Tc superconductor.

This book discusses the latest investigations into the electronic structure of narrow-gap semiconductors in extreme conditions, and describes in detail magnetic field and pressure measurements using two high-quality single crystals: black phosphorus (BP) and lead telluride (PbTe). The book presents two significant findings for BP and PbTe.

This book focuses on AdS3/CFT2, addressing different aspects of this correspondence in field theory and in gravity, including entanglement entropy, higher genus partition function, and conformal block.

This PhD sought to determine the mechanisms for the reactor explosions by mapping, collecting and analysing samples from across the area of Japan that received radioactive fallout from the explosions.

This book reports on a comprehensive study addressing the dynamic responses of hydropower plants under diverse conditions and disturbances, and analyzes their stability and oscillations.

This thesis provides multidisciplinary perspectives on changes in global mass transports, especially in the global water cycle.

This book presents innovative ideas and technical contributions in the area of metasurfaces and antenna technologies.

This thesis, examined at the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya and Universidad de los Andes in 2017, received the award for best thesis in control from the control group of the Spanish Committee of Automatic Control (CEA) in the same year.

This book reports on the development of a pioneering light source architecture of the so-called Petawatt Field Synthesizer (PFS) system, which is based on short-pulse pumped, optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA), driven by a homemade, 1-ps diode-pumped Yb:YAG.

This book reports on a comprehensive analytical, experimental and numerical study on the flexural response of post-tensioned masonry walls under in-plane loads. Experimental study is carried out to better understand the behavior of post-tensioned masonry walls and also to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed design procedure and expressions.

This book discusses searches for Dark Matter at the CERN's LHC, the world's most powerful accelerator. It introduces the relevant theoretical framework and includes an in-depth discussion of the Effective Field Theory approach to Dark Matter production and its validity, as well as an overview of the formalism of Simplified Dark Matter models. Despite overwhelming astrophysical evidence for Dark Matter and numerous experimental efforts to detect it, the nature of Dark Matter still remains a mystery and has become one of the hottest research topics in fundamental physics.Two searches for Dark Matter are presented, performed on data collected with the ATLAS experiment. They analyze missing-energy final states with a jet or with top quarks. The analyses are explained in detail, and the outcomes and their interpretations are discussed, also in view of the precedent analysis of theoretical approaches. Given its depth of coverage, the book represents an excellent reference guide for all physicists interested in understanding the theoretical and experimental considerations relevant to Dark Matter searches at the LHC.

Planning and operation problems for different clean solutions, such as market bidding strategies for intermittent energy producers, demand side management algorithms for smart buildings, and electrical storage options for network operators, are studied for facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources in the power system chain.

This book explores the use of numerical relativity (NR) methods to solve cosmological problems, and describes one of the first uses of NR to study inflationary physics.

It then presents new results on hydrodynamic transport in strongly interacting quantum fluids, providing strong evidence that the Haack-Yarom identity between second-order transport coefficients holds for all fluids with a classical gravity dual and may be a universal feature of all strongly coupled quantum fluids such as the QGP.

This thesis discusses the power scaling of ultrashort pulses in enhancement cavities, utilized in particular for frequency conversion processes, such as Thomson scattering and high-harmonic generation.

This thesis, examined at the Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain, in 2016, received the award for best thesis in bioengineering from the Bioengineering group of the Spanish Committee of Automatic Control (CEA) in 2017.

Combining incisive experiments with the latest theoretical advances, this book presents an extensive study of transfer-triggered breakup, the dominant process by which breakup occurs in reactions involving light, weakly bound nuclei.

This book provides an information fusion model with information fusion theory, geographic information system technology and modern mathematical methods to evaluate the risks of groundwater inrushes from aquifers underlying coal seams.

This thesis advances the long-standing challenge of measuring oxidative stress and deciphering its underlying mechanisms, and also outlines the advantages and limitations of existing design strategies. It presents a range of approaches for the chemical synthesis of fluorescent probes that detect reversible changes in cellular oxidative stress. The ability to visualise cellular processes in real-time is crucial to understanding disease development and streamline treatment, and this can be achieved using fluorescent tools that can sense reversible disturbances in cellular environments during pathogenesis. The perturbations in cellular redox state are of particular current interest in medical research, since oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases.The book investigates different strategies used to achieve ratiometric fluorescence output of the reversible redox probes, which nullify concentration effects associated with intensity-based probes. It also describes suitable approaches to target these probes to specific cellular organelles, thereby enabling medical researchers to visualise sub-cellular oxidative stress levels, and addressing the typically poor uptake of chemical tools into biological studies. In total it reports on four new probes that are now being used by over twenty research groups around the globe, and two of which have been commercialised. The final chapters of this thesis demonstrate successful applications of the sensors in a variety of biological systems ranging from prokaryotes to mammalian cells and whole organisms. The results described clearly indicate the immense value of collaborative, cross-disciplinary research.

This book introduces a variety of statistical tools for characterising and designing the dynamical features of complex quantum systems. In dynamical quantum systems, complexity typically manifests itself via the interference of a rapidly growing number of paths that connect the initial and final states.

Dissipation effects have a profound impact on the behavior and properties of quantum systems, and the unavoidable interaction with the surrounding environment, with which systems continuously exchange information, energy, angular momentum and matter, is ultimately responsible for decoherence phenomena and the emergence of classical behavior.

This book reports on the development and application of a new uniaxial pressure apparatus that is currently generating considerable interest in the field of materials physics.

The successes of the standard models of particle physics and cosmology are many, but have proven incapable of explaining all the phenomena that we observe.

The significance of the development of solid-state lighting was underscored by the award of a Nobel Prize in 2014. It is important to build upon this work and to produce practical and versatile sources of quantum light, because these are essential components for the advancement of quantum photonic devices.

Quantum mechanics entails effects like superpositions and entanglement, which have no classical counterparts. From a technological standpoint these counterintuitive quantum aspects can be viewed as an unexploited resource that can be harnessed to support various tasks, e.g. in the domains of computation, communication, and metrology.In many applications, however, the potential of nonclassical states cannot practically be exploited due to detection inefficiencies. The authors address this limitation by experimentally realizing a novel detection scheme in which entangling interactions are time reversed. In this way, nonclassical many-particle states are disentangled, allowing them to be detected in a robust and technically feasible manner. In the context of quantum metrology, these nonlinear readout techniques extend the class of entangled probe states that can be leveraged for sensing applications without being limited by finite detector resolution.The authors present an active atom interferometer, where both the entangled state preparation and disentangling readout involve parametric amplification. This "SU(1,1)" interferometer is implemented with the help of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, where amplification is implemented by atomic collisions leading to spin exchange.

This book pioneers a novel approach to investigate the effects of pressure on fission tracks, a geological problem that has remained unsolved for 60 years.

This book provides a step-by-step guide on how to construct a narrowband single photon source for the integration with atom-based memory systems.

In this book Gregor Posnjak unravels the long-standing mystery of the internal director structure of chiral nematic droplets, which has been studied both experimentally and theoretically since the 1970s.

He has also designed nanoelectronic networks into flexible, three-dimensional (3D) and macroporous architectures, which mimic the structure of tissue scaffolds for in vitro 3D integrations with synthetic tissues and in vivo implantation by means of syringe injection.