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Founded in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles as part of the League of Nations¿ system, the ILO is still today the main organization responsible for the international organization of work and the improvement of working conditions in the world. Widely recognized for its efforts in building international labour standards, the ILO remains little studied by development specialists and historians. This book intends to fill this gap and traces the history of international development and its early pioneers, through an analysis of the activities of the International Labour Office, the Secretariat of the International Labour Organization, between 1930 and 1946. In this book, development is used as a key to questioning the ILO's place and function in the expanding inter-war world. The development practices and discourses that emerged in the 1930s were mainly intended to support the ILO's universalization strategy, which was made necessary by the events that shook Europe at the time. Development discourses and practices were also part of the "esprit du temps", as they were closely linked to the affirmation of the planist and rationalist ideas of the 1930s. However, development for the ILO was not reduced to a project of economic modernization, but was seen as a tool for social engineering, as evidenced by the ILO's missions of technical assistance, organized since 1930. The analysis of the expertise work makes it possible to highlight the logics that prevailed in technical assistance, which was more in line with institutional objectives, than with the dissemination of a genuine expertise. This book therefore hopes to bring new insight on the history of internationalism, and international organizations during the inter-war period and the Second World War, as well as on the role of the ILO in the history of international development thinking and practices.

The book analyzes the place of religious difference in late modernity through a study of the role played by Jews and Muslims in the construction of contemporary Spanish national identity. The focus is on the transition from an exclusive, homogeneous sense of collective Self toward a more pluralistic, open and tolerant one in an European context. This process is approached from different dimensions. At the national level, it follows the changes in nationalist historiography, the education system and the public debates on national identity. At the international level, it tackles the problem from the perspective of Spanish foreign policy towards Israel and the Arab-Muslim states in a changing global context. From the social-communicational point of view, the emphasis is on the construction of the Self-Other dichotomy (with Jewish and Muslim others) as reflected in the three leading Spanish newspapers.

From today's vantage point it can be denied that the confidence in the abilities of globalism, mobility, and cosmopolitanism to illuminate cultural signification processes of our time has been severely shaken. In the face of this crisis, a key concept of this globalizing optimism as World Literature has been for the past twenty years necessarily is in the need of a comprehensive revision. World Literature, Cosmopolitanism, Globality: Beyond, Against, Post, Otherwise offers a wide range of contributions approaching the blind spots of the globally oriented Humanities for phenomena that in one way or another have gone beyond the discourses, aesthetics, and political positions of liberal cosmopolitanism and neoliberal globalization. Departing basically (but not exclusively) from different examples of Latin American literatures and cultures in globalized contexts, this volume provides innovative insights into critical readings of World Literature and its related conceptualizations. A timely book that embraces highly innovative perspectives, it will be a mustread for all scholars involved in the field of the global dimensions of literature.

Landscape, as it appears and is described throughout the works of Bernardo Carvalho and Robert Walser, provides an excellent-yet virtually unexplored-pathway to the authors' literary projects. The landscape functions here as a synthetic and unifying figure that triggers, at first, through the analysis of its description per se, the main and most evident elements of the authors' works. However, when sustained as a methodological figure beyond the scope of its own description, the landscape soon reveals a darker, far more fascinating and far less explored side of the authors' oeuvres: a vengeful, seemingly defeatist resentment against the status quo, which gives way to the more latent and biting elements of the authors' prose, such as irony, the unheimlich, an anti-heroic agenda, the apocalyptic aesthetics of a disaster-prone fictional world, as well as an understanding of history and literature through the figures of failure and marginality. By drawing from diverse critical traditions from Latin-America and Europe, this comparative text seeks to unravel, in all of its complexity and scope, the fictional stage upon which Walser's and Carvalho's characters narrate, with their dying breath, a world that is slowly undoing itself.

This book aims to provide recent information on advances in drilling technology. The use of advanced machines, appropriate strategies and special drilling tools can signifi cantly reduce the machining time required for drilling operations, and consequently the production costs, and improve the quality of the holes produced. For these reasons an improvement of the drilling technology is very important for the modern manufacturing industries. This book can be used as a research book for fi nal undergraduate engineering course or at postgraduate level. It can also serve as a useful reference for academics, researchers, mechanical, industrial, production, manufacturing and materials engineers, professionals in drilling technology and related matters.

Metaphors in audiovisual media receive increasing attention from film and communication studies as well as from linguistics and multimodal metaphor research. The specific media character of film, and thus of cinematic metaphor, remains, however, largely ignored. Audiovisual images are all too frequently understood as iconic representations and material carriers of information. Cinematic Metaphor proposes an alternative: starting from film images as affective experience of movement-images, it replaces the cognitive idea of viewers as information-processing machines, and heals the break with rhetoric established by conceptual metaphor theory. Subscribing to a phenomenological concept of embodiment, a shared vantage point for metaphorical meaning-making in film-viewing and face-to-face interaction is developed. The book offers a critique of cognitive film and metaphor theories and a theory of cinematic metaphor as performative action of meaning-making, grounded in the dynamics of viewers' embodied experiences with a film. Fine-grained case studies ranging from Hollywood to German feature film and TV news, from tango lesson to electoral campaign commercial, illustrate the framework's application to media and multimodality analysis.

Although recent linguistic and media-studies' research has increasingly dealt with forms of imagery beyond language, such as in audiovisual formats, only little attention has been paid to the specific media character of audiovisual images. This raises a theoretical as well as methodological problem: How can processes of figurative meaning making in audiovisual media be adequately conceptualized and described? The book intends to bridge this research gap with an analysis of campaign commercials, a hitherto largely underexplored object of study in metaphor and metonymy research. To achieve this goal, a transdisciplinary film-analytical and cognitive-linguistic account of audiovisual figurativity is developed and examined through a comparative analysis of figurative meaning-making processes in German and Polish campaign commercials from 2009 and 2011. By setting the inseparable intertwining of language and cinematic staging, sensing and understanding center stage, the book provides insight into the dynamic nature and embodied affective grounds of audiovisual figurativity, and challenges the long-known dichotomies of rational discourse and affective manipulation, political message and media effect.

Contrairement à l¿exégèse patristique antiochienne de l¿AT, celle du NT est mal connue. La présente étude est centrée sur une partie essentielle et représentative (Prologue et In Romanos) de l¿In epistulas Pauli de Théodoret de Cyr (Ve s.), seul commentaire grec antique de Paul conservé intégralement en langue originale. L¿examen du texte (analyse sémantique et décryptage de l¿argumentation) permet de découvrir les lignes de force d¿un commentaire qui semble être, à première lecture, une simple paraphrase, et dans lequel l¿interprétation se lit seulement en filigrane. La mise en dialogue de l¿¿uvre avec ses sources met au jour à la fois la manière dont Théodoret travaille à partir de la tradition, et ses apports propres : confrontation avec l¿interprétation chrysostomienne de Romains, comparaison des passages polémiques avec l¿argumentation scripturaire attestée dans les débats théologiques, ou encore points de contacts sémantiques avec Jean Chrysostome et Cyrille d¿Alexandrie. Prévu pour accompagner l¿édition et la traduction de l¿¿uvre, qui paraîtra prochainement, ce volume contribue à faire connaître les caractéristiques propres à l¿exégèse du NT dans l¿Antiquité et pose les bases d¿une étude théologique de cette ¿uvre majeure.

This work offers a new interpretation and an in-depth analysis of one of the least studied among Juvenal's satires. The introduction examines the structure of the piece and some of its rhetorical features, such as the peculiar use of exempla and evidentia, while focusing on its basic theme, the degeneration of the contemporary nobility. Although grafted onto the traditional and commonplace antithesis between true and false nobility, this theme has a strong historical connection with the early years of Hadrian's reign, when Roman noblemen were increasingly being ousted from the official positions they traditionally held. An updated overview of the history of Juvenal's text is followed by a revised critical edition and an Italian translation. Besides discussing textual matters, the commentary offers a systematic treatment of the linguistic, rhetorical, historical and antiquarian aspects of the text, indispensable for the understanding of this satire.

Die Monographie stellt den ersten Versuch dar, die prinzipiell außerordentliche seelsorgliche Tätigkeit der Predigerbrüder von Kaschau (Köice) im 18. Jahrhundert in ihrem vielfältigen Kontext zu erfassen. Sie behandelt die Geschichte der Wiedererrichtung der dominikanischen Niederlassung von 1698 im Kontext der Bestrebungen der Habsburger um die Rekatholisierung der Stadt und der Bemühungen des Ordens um die Wiederbelebung der ungarischen Provinz und die allmähliche Konsolidierung des Klosters im Laufe des 18. Jahrhunderts. Ein spezielles Augenmerk wird der Situation der Dominikaner unter den großen theresianisch-josephinischen Reformen gewidmet. Es werden vier konkrete Seelsorgsbereiche erörtert: 1. die Bruderschaften des heiligen Rosenkranzes und des heiligen Johannes von Nepomuk und die ordens- und bruderschaftseigenen Prozessionen als spezieller Punkt im pastoralen Programm der Brüder, 2. die Messstiftungen als Ausdruck liturgisch-pastoraler Sorge für Lebende und Verstorbene, 3. die Laienbegräbnisse und Totengedächtnisfeiern, und 4. die Predigt.Die auf breites Quellenmaterial gestützte Arbeit trägt zur Erforschung vor allem der dominikanischen Geschichte und der regionalen Kirchengeschichte der Frühen Neuzeit bei.

What does it mean to be modern? This study regards the concept of 'society' as foundational to modern self-understanding. Identifying Arabic conceptualizations of society in the journal al-Manar, the mouthpiece of Islamic reformism, the author shows how modernity was articulated from within an Islamic discursive tradition. The fact that the classical term umma was a principal term used to conceptualize modern society suggests the convergence of discursive traditions in modernity, rather than a mere diffusion of European concepts.

This book illustrates the application of fractional calculus in crowd dynamics via modeling and control groups of pedestrians. Decision-making processes, conservation laws of mass/momentum, and micro-macro models are employed to describe system dynamics while cooperative movements in micro scale, and fractional diffusion in macro scale are studied to control the group of pedestrians. Obtained work is included in the Intelligent Evacuation Systems that is used for modeling and to control crowds of pedestrians. With practical issues considered, this book is of interests to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers.

The book of Jeremiah poses a challenge to biblical scholarship in terms of its literary composition and textual fluidity. This study offers an innovative approach to the problem by focusing on an instructive case study. Building on the critical recognition that the prophecy contained in Jer 10:1-16 is a composite text, this study systematically discusses the various literary strands discernible in the prophecy: satirical depictions of idolatry, an Aramaic citation, and hymnic passages. A chapter is devoted to each strand, revealing its compositional development-from the earliest recoverable stages down to its late reception. A range of pertinent evidence-culled from the literary, text-critical, and linguistic realms-is examined and sets within broader perspectives, with an eye open to cultural history and the development of theological outlook.The investigation of a particular text has important implications for the textual and compositional history of Jeremiah as a whole. Rather than settling for the common opinion that Jeremiah developed in two main stages, reflected in the MT and LXX respectively, a nuanced supplementary model is advocated, which better accords with the complexity of the available evidence.

The book is an anthropological study of a phenomenon observed within the range of contemporary Polish Catholic religiosity. The Crucified focuses on two fundamental issues: passion plays and performance theory. It presents an analysis of material collected during five years of field research, which sheds light on the varied world of religious performances. The phenomenon of passion plays is extremely complex and to some extent heterogeneous, hence its in-depth analysis reveals much not only about its own nature, but also about the entire modern religiosity. As a result, the book is constructed in such a way as to focus on a single phenomenon, but with conclusions extending to a much wider range of contemporary religious practices. The book reveals the need for self-expression of one¿s own attitudes observable in contemporary spirituality, as well as the increasing participation of believers in the development of their religious life and thus in the formation of their own religious identity. All these processes are interpreted in terms of performance theory. Applying this approach makes it possible to capture the believers¿ need for activity and creativity in the field of practices alternative to the liturgy.

The whole world is changing with incredible speed towards something radically new, yet people across the globe also show resistance to the forces that homogenize our lives. This book deals with a community that has found its niche in the remote Niamgiri mountain range of Odisha (India) and is struggling to preserve its way of life: the Dongria Kond. In recent years, they made the headlines as the real "e;Avatars"e; because they successfully fought a multinational company's plans to mine the mountains. From the perspective of the Dongria Kond, these mountains are the seat of gods, and the whole environment is animated by spiritual forces. This highly complex cosmic order includes humans and non-humans and rests on a divine law (niam). This book captures the viewpoint of the Dongria Kond and provides deep insights into their vision of the world. It offers elaborate accounts of how the Dongria relate to the outside world, conceive of their own society and engage in complex rituals in order to (re-)establish the cosmos. The book confronts the reader with radically different imaginings of familiar human concerns: love, fertility, wealth, status and well-being.

In den vergangenen Jahren vollzog sich eine deutlich beobachtbare Radikalisierung des Antisemitismus in Europa, die mit den islamistisch motivierten Terroranschlägen von Paris, Toulouse, Brüssel und Kopenhagen auch mörderische Konsequenzen hatte. Als Indikator für eine neue Qualität und Virulenz des Antisemitismus kann jedoch nicht nur der islamistische Antisemitismus gesehen werden, sondern auch die Zunahme von Antisemitismus in politisch und sozial arrivierten Kreisen und Milieus. Zugleich ist die Hemmschwelle für die Äußerung und Akzeptanz antisemitischer Ressentiments gesunken, sofern diese als ¿Israelkritik¿ camoufliert sind. Parallel zu diesen Entwicklungen stellte der Antisemitismus sein Mobilisierungspotential für den politischen Protest auf der Straße unter Beweis, etwa im Rahmen der Mahnwachen für den Frieden und während des Gaza-Krieges 2014. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes untersuchen Aspekte dieser Entwicklungen und befassen sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Antisemitismus in der öffentlichen Kommunikation, islamischen Antisemitismus und Antisemitismus in politischen Bewegungen. Mit Beiträgen von Alvin Rosenfeld, Dina Porat, Matthias Küntzel, Karin Stögner, Navras Alfreedi, Stephan Grigat, Amy Elman, Florian Markl, Franziska Krah, Matthias J. Becker, Dana Ionescu, Daniel Rickenbacher, Zbyn¿k Tarant, Günther Jikeli, Ullrich Bauer, Michael Höttemann, Laura-Luise Hammel, Simon Gansinger

Even though important developments within 20th and 21st century philosophy have widened the scope of epistemology, this has not yet resulted in a systematic meta-epistemological debate about epistemology's aims, methods, and criteria of success. Ideas such as the methodology of reflective equilibrium, the proposal to "e;naturalize"e; epistemology, constructivist impulses fuelling the "e;sociology of scientific knowledge"e;, pragmatist calls for taking into account the practical point of epistemic evaluations, as well as feminist criticism of the abstract and individualist assumptions built into traditional epistemology are widely discussed, but they have not typically resulted in the call for, let alone the construction of, a suitable meta-epistemological framework.This book motivates and elaborates such a new meta-epistemology. It provides a pragmatist, social and functionalist account of epistemic states that offers the conceptual space for revised or even replaced epistemic concepts. This is what it means to "e;refurbish epistemology"e;: The book assesses conceptual tools in relation to epistemology's functionally defined conceptual space, responsive to both intra-epistemic considerations and political and moral values.

The ?Natural Problem of Consciousness? is the problem of understanding why there are presently conscious beings at all. Given a non-reductive naturalist framework taking consciousness as an ontologically subjective biological phenomenon, how can we rationally explain the fact that the actual world has turned out to be one where there are presently living beings that can feel, rather than having developed as a zombie-world in which there would be no conscious experiences of any kind? This book introduces the Natural Problem by relating it to central problems in the philosophy of mind (metaphysical mind-body problem, Hard Problem of consciousness) and emphasizing the distinctive interest of its diachronic dimension. Ranging from philosophy to biology and neuroscience, it offers a thorough analysis aimed at better understanding what could explain why phenomenal consciousness has been preserved throughout evolution by natural selection. This is an original, engaging, and thought provoking philosophical study of a neglected but fundamental question regarding the nature and origin of consciousness.

In his articles Stefan Reif's articles have dealt with Jewish biblical exegesis and the close analysis of the evolution of Jewish prayer texts. Some fourteen of these that appeared in various collective volumes are here made more easily available, together with a major new study of Numbers 13, an introduction and extensive indexes. Reif attempts to establish whether there is any linguistic, literary and exegetical value in the traditional Jewish interpretation of the Hebrew Bible for the modern scientific approach to such texts and whether such an approach itself is always free of theological bias. He demonstrates how Jewish liturgical texts may illuminate religious teachings about wisdom, history, peace, forgiveness, and divine metaphors. Also clarified in these essays are notions of David, Greek and Hebrew, divine metaphors, and the liturgical use of the Hebrew Bible.

The essays deal with developments during the period from the liquidation of the Judean state to the conquests of Alexander the Great. This was a critical time in the Near East and the Mediterranean world in general. It marked the end of the great Semitic empires until the rise of Islam in the seventh century A.D.,decisive changes in religion, with appeal to a creator-deity in Deutero-Isaiah, Babylonian Marduk cult, and Zoroastrianism.For the survivors of the Babylonian conquest in a post-collapse society the issue of continuity, with different groups claiming continuity with the past and possession of the traditions, there developed a situation favourable to the emergence of sects. The most pressing question, however, was what to do faced with the overwhelming power of empire, first Babylonian, then Persian. Finally, with the extinction of the native dynasty and the entire apparatus of a nation-state, the temple became the focus and emblem of group identity.

The series Jewish Thought, Philosophy and Religion aims to present a wide spectrum of studies and texts related to Jewish thought, philosophy and religion - from antiquity to the present. It seeks to highlight the multiplicity of approaches within Judaism and to shed light on the interaction between Jewish and non-Jewish thought. The series includes monographs, collected essays, and editions of sources submitted to or produced by staff and visiting fellows of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies, as well as by scholars of the Institute for Jewish Philosophy and Religion at the University of Hamburg. JTPR is edited on behalf of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies at the University of Hamburg. Further book series of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies are Studies and Texts in Scepticism and the Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advances Studies. The Yearbook 2016 was published as volume 1 of the series Jewish Thought, Philosophy, and Religion. From 2017 onwards, the Yearbook is published as a separate series.

Die Zuruckweisung, mit der viele fruhneuzeitliche Autoren der aristotelischen Naturphilosophie begegnen, geht haufig mit einer emphatischen Aufnahme der hellenistischen Philosophie einher. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt die vorliegende Untersuchung nach den prinzipiellen Unterschieden zwischen Aristoteles und seinen hellenistischen Nachfolgern. Ausgangspunkt ist die fur die aristotelische Philosophie zentrale Analyse des Phanomens der Bewegung.

Meaning (significance) and nature are this book¿s principal topics. They seem an odd couple, like raisins and numbers, though they elide when meanings of a global sort¿ideologies and religions, for example¿promote ontologies that subordinate nature. Setting one against the other makes reality contentious. It signifies workmates and a coal face to miners, gluons to physicists, prayer and redemption to priests. Are there many realities, or many perspectives on one? The answer I prefer is the comprehensive naturalism anticipated by Aristotle and Spinoza: "natura naturans, natura naturata." Nature naturing is an array of mutually conditioning material processes in spacetime. Each structure or event¿storm clouds forming, nature natured¿is self-differentiating, self-stabilizing, and sometimes self-disassembling; each alters or transforms a pre-existing state of affairs. This surmise anticipated discoveries and analyses to which neither thinker had access, though physics and biology confirm their hypothesis beyond reasonable doubt. Hence the question this book considers: Is reality divided:nature vrs. lived experience? Or is experience, with all its meanings and values, the complex expression of natural processes?

The significance of Plato's literary style to the content of his ideas is perhaps one of the central problems in the study of Plato and Ancient Philosophy as a whole. As Samuel Scolnicov points out in this collection, many other philosophers have employed literary techniques to express their ideas, just as many literary authors have exemplified philosophical ideas in their narratives, but for no other philosopher does the mode of expression play such a vital role in their thought as it does for Plato. And yet, even after two thousand years there is still no consensus about why Plato expresses his ideas in this distinctive style. Selected from the first Latin American Area meeting of the International Plato Society (www.platosociety.org) in Brazil in 2012, the following collection of essays presents some of the most recent scholarship from around the world on the wide range of issues related to Plato's dialogue form. The essays can be divided into three categories. The first addresses general questions concerning Plato's literary style. The second concerns the relation of his style to other genres and traditions in Ancient Greece. And the third examines Plato's characters and his purpose in using them.

The new series of 'Studies on Ethics and Science' complements the Yearbook for Ethics and Science edited since 1995 by the Institute for Science and Ethics in Bonn and published by de Gruyter. The monographs and collected volumes in the series cover the same subjects as the Yearbook, namely outstanding and innovative contributions to the investigation of ethical questions connected with modern science and its development. Particular interest is directed towards ethical questions in medicine and the biological sciences.

Obwohl die Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten zu den am haufigsten interpretierten philosophischen Werken uberhaupt zahlt, sind ihre zentralen Theoreme nach wie vor dunkel geblieben. Neben der Deduktion des kategorischen Imperativs gilt dies besonders fur das Theoriestuck zum Zweck an sich selbst. Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach dem Gehalt, der systematischen Funktion sowie den weit verzweigten Bezugen dieses Theoriestucks nach und tut dies oft in Form einer mikroskopischen Analyse. Gerade dieser mikroskopische Blick fuhrt zu dem uberraschenden Befund, dass einige zum Teil seit Jahrzehnten vertretene Interpretationsthesen und Lehrmeinungen einer grundsatzlichen Revision bedurfen. Dies gilt sowohl fur die Form als auch den Gehalt des Zwecks an sich selbst- aber auch fur das Verhaltnis zur Deduktion des kategorischen Imperativs. Die Untersuchung zum Zusammenhang mit der Deduktion fuhrt auch zu in der Forschung vielleicht bisweilen gesehenen, aber bisher nicht hinreichend explizit gemachten Einsichten in die Deduktion selbst. So vertritt Kant dort die transzendentalen Freiheit des Willens uberhaupt, was prima facie in direktem Widerspruch zur These der Analytizitat von Freiheit und Sittlichkeit steht.

Die Reihe Studien zur deutschen Literatur prasentiert herausragende Untersuchungen zur deutschsprachigen Literatur von der Fruhen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart. Offen besonders auch fur komparatistische, kulturwissenschaftliche und wissensgeschichtliche Fragestellungen, bietet sie ein traditionsreiches Forum fur innovative literaturwissenschaftliche Forschung. Alle eingesandten Manuskripte werden doppelt begutachtet. Informationen zum Bewerbungsverfahren und zu Druckkostenzuschussen erhalten Sie beim Verlag. Wenden Sie sich dazu bitte an den zustandigen Lektor Marcus Bohm (marcus.boehm [ at ] degruyter.com).

This study attempts to elucidate a possible meeting point of the traditions of Eastern and Western metaphysical thinking. In discussing Whitehead's and Aurobindo's views on being and becoming, it seeks the possibility of a better engagement between the East and the West in the light of the philosophical insights. It is an initiation into the Sitz im Leben of Whitehead's philosophy and his general thought pattern. It carries a perceptive analysis to show the clear primacy of Becoming or Process in Whitehead that extends even to the Divine. It also highlights Aurobindo as a unique Indian Philosopher, who articulated Indian thought in Western categories. He was able to integrate the evolutionary theory of the West with the Indian understanding of becoming. The relationship between God and Creativity and Sachchidananda and the Supermind is studied within the context of Enlightenment and Modernity and the way of doing philosophy in the West and in the East.