This study concentrates on Philistine decorated pottery, its production centres and trade patterns. These issues are examined by both archaeological and archaeometric approaches. Over recent years, a considerable amount of data has been accumulated on Philistine sites, especially from the excavations at Tel Miqne-Ekron, and the new excavations at Ashkelon and Tell es-Safi. Thus, although a vast literature already exists on the Philistines, their material culture and related issues, there has been very little study that systematically combines all this data. This work examines the Iron Age Philistine material culture in general and the Philistine pottery in particular, from a holistic approach. The Philistine phenomenon is defined and described in Part 1 from its various aspects: the historical background, the archaeological evidence and its social and ethnic aspects. Part 2 describes and discusses the updated archaeological evidence of pottery production and workshops in the southern Levant during the end of the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Ethnographic research is utilized to describe the pottery production sequence, technological aspects and modes of production and distribution of pottery. As this work is a provenance study of a geographically andgeologically limited area a methodological discussion was called for presented in Part 3. In Part 4 the archaeometric results are presented. Part 5 combines the archaeological and archaeometric results and evaluates them from a broader cultural, technological and historical perspectives.
The second volume presenting the results of researches at Gabati in central Sudan is concerned with the physical anthropology. The book consists of two parts. Part I details the analysis of the skeletons excavated at Gabati and summarises their general health and lifestyle. An in-depth social interpretation is not the intention of this analysis, but rather it forms an anthropological foundation to invite further research. Chapters 2-6 present the methods and results of inventory, demography and palaeopathology. Chapter 7 synthesises these results to impart an impression of life and health experienced at Gabati during the Meroitic, post-Meroitic and medieval periods. Chapter 8 situates the site and funerary program within the broader context of Nubian archaeology. Part II presents the skeletal catalogue of osteobiographical information for each individual and lists the unassociated skeletal remains, if any, for each tomb. The appendices include preservation tables, individual data tables, descriptive statistics for metrical data, frequency tables for non-metric traits and finally the plates.
In Roman and Byzantine times, pilgrims, Roman soldiers and merchants landed on the west coast and headed to Jerusalem. From 1983 to 1989 the most likely routes were surveyedby land and from the air, and a gazetteer of sites and milestones was created.
The conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin in 583/1187, after nearly nine decades of Frankish rule, opened a new era of cultural, socio-economic and architectural changes. The renewed political fervour that followed it gave a fresh impetus to an extensive building activity initiated by the Ayyubids, which signified a renaissance in the style of Islamic architecture. Such style is exemplified in a large variety of monuments which would come to influence the magnificent Medieval Islamic architecture of Jerusalem. This research provides a comprehensive architectural and archaeological study of the Ayyubid monuments that still remain in the Old City of Jerusalem. These monuments are described and recorded by means of survey drawings and photographs, providing essential archaeological data, thus complementing the epigraphic, archival and literary historical evidence. The work comprises six chapters. A brief historical overview of the Ayyubid state, the major factors on which it was based, makes the first chapter. The sources of information utilised in this research are illustrated in the second chapter. Chapter three deals with Jerusalem in the political context of the Ayyubid state: the role Jerusalem played in the propagation of jihad against the Franks; the administrative and demographic changes introduced by the Ayyubids. Chapter four examines the architectural changes that were introduced by the Ayyubids, emphasising how political and socio- economic factors determined construction projects in the city. Chapter five constitutes the core of the book: a catalogue of the extant Ayyubid buildings in Jerusalem. These are grouped chronologically, with detailed architectural, archaeological and historical analysis, as well as interpretations of their structural evolution. In addition, four appendices list Ayyubid buildings which were rebuilt in later periods, buildings which no longer exist known from inscriptions and literary sources, segments of buildings, and an up-to-date list of Ayyubid inscriptions found in thecity and its surroundings. Chapter six discusses the various aspects and principal features characterising Ayyubid architecture in Jerusalem and its unique style as an amalgamation of Ayyubid Syrian, Crusader and local traditions. Coloured and black-and-white photographs and drawings of plans, sections, elevations and other illustrations of these buildings are included.
In 1957, preliminary investigations revealed a major Late Neolithic settlement mound, which also happened to be the northernmost tell settlement on the Great Hungarian Plain. Although the trial was limited to a small trench, the several meters thick deposits yielded exciting finds and several richly furnished burials. The brief preliminary report and the various references to the excavation made it quite obvious that the tell was one of the key sites of the Hungarian Neolithic and thus the full publication of the tell and its finds was, quite understandably, eagerly awaited by prehistorians. The site's investigation was resumed in 1989 as part of the excavations preceding the construction of the M3 motorway. The excavator directed the large-scale excavation of the tell and its enclosure of five ditches, and of the extensive horizontal settlement beside it. This excavation was preceded by various geophysical surveys and palaeoenvironmental sampling in order to reconstruct the settlement's one-time environment and to determine the exact date of its occupation. However, until the results of the new excavation are published in detail, this monograph will be the single available study on the Polgár-Csõszhalom site, the eponymous site of a Late Neolithic culture.English translation by Magdalena Seleanu
El inicio de las explotaciones oleícolas Peninsulares (siglos IV-II a.C.)
Volume 20, Session WS22This book includes papers from the session 'Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Evolutionary Archaeology' presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).
The construction of urban identities through the landscape during the Modern Era in Portugal, is an area of historical research which, so far, has been little explored. In this work, the author develops this theme with an emphasis on the city of Braga (north-west Portrugal). The study is also a 'humanist' alternative to the empiricism that is, presently, common in the studies of the cities of that period. Chapter 2 is a critical overview of the study of cities as it is presently conducted in Portugal. Chapter 3 delineates an alternative approach to the study of Modern Era cities in Portugal, with a focus on the concepts of identity and landscape. Chapter 4 offers a brief overview of the sources that were used in the research on Braga, with a particular focus on maps, documents and standing buildings. Chapter 5 is an analysis of what the city's landscape looked like by the late 15th century and what can be inferred about its identity through it. Chapters 6 and 7 are about the radical changes that took place in the city's identity and landscape in the early 16th century. Chapter 6 is about the space of the city proper and Chapter 7 discusses the outskirts. Chapter 8 relates the actions that took place in the middle of the 16th century under the initiative of the Church in order to consolidate Braga's catholic identity. Chapter 9 deals mostly with the actions of Fr. Agostinho da Cruz in the late 16th century in order to reaffirm Braga's primate status within the Hispanic Monarchy. Chapter 10 covers the years 1620-70, a period of strong political and social turmoil, which caused a crisis of identity in Braga. Chapter 11 argues that this crisis of identity was responsible in the late 17th century for a fragmentation of Braga's identity into smaller ones among its inhabitants. Finally, Chapter 12 analyses the attempts by Archbishop D. Rodrigo Moura Teles in the early 18th century to create a common identity that again united Braga's inhabitants.
Written by Travis W. Stanton, David A. Freidel, Charles K. Suhler, Traci Ardren, James N. Ambrosino, Justine M. Shaw, and Sharon BennettThis volume represents the final report of the Selz Foundation Yaxuná Archaeological Project at the Precolumbian Maya center of Yaxuná, Yucatán, Mexico from 1986 to 1996. This volume contains summaries of all survey data, excavations, artifact analyses, and current interpretations.
Edited by Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann, Primitiva Bueno Ramirez, Rafael González Antón and Carmen del Arco Aguilar.A collection of papers on the rock carvings of the European and African Atlantic façade.
Volume 36This book includes papers from Sessions C11, C22, S04, WS29 and C88 from the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).Session C11: Ancient Cultural Landscapes in South Europe - their Ecological Setting and EvolutionSession C22: Gardeners from South AmericaSession S04: Agro-Pastoralism and Early Metallurgy SessionsSession WS29: The Idea of Enclosure in Recent Iberian PrehistorySession C88: Rhytmes et causalites des dynamiques de l'anthropisation en Europe entre 6500 ET 500 BC: Hypotheses socio-culturelles et/ou climatiquesEdited by José Eduardo Mateus and Paula Queiroz (C11), Angela Buarque (C22), Ana Rosa Cruz (S04), António Carlos Valera and Lucy Shaw Evangelista (WS29), Laurent Carozza, Didier Galop, Michel Magny and J. Guilaine (C88 ), Cláudia Fidalgo and Luiz Oosterbeek (Volume Editing)
Edited by Alexandra Legrand-Pineau, Isabelle Sidéra, Natacha Buc, Eva David and Vivian Scheinsohn with the collaboration of Douglas V. Campana, Alice M. Choyke, Pam Crabtree and Elisabeth A. Stone.
In this work the author gathers published (and unpublished) evidence relating to early Imperial Roman terra sigillata on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar (both the Baetican and Tingitanan coasts), including an extensive appendix of stamps. Previous studies in this field are limited and therefore this new research will be valuable to a wide range of scholars. Contains twenty appendices of potters' stamps.
With few exceptions, virtually no other paleoethnobotanist has studied how the ancient Maya interacted with their spiritual universe via ritual practice. Archaeobotanical studies are still rare in the Maya region, though this has been changing. In terms of caves, this situation remains perplexing. There are few kinds of archaeological contexts in this region that permit good preservation. These caves are not the arid caves of Peru, of the Southwest United States, or even of Puebla, Mexico. They are hot and humid-conditions that seem very difficult for the long term preservation of organic remains. But, in general, they differ remarkably from the environment outside. Outside these caves one finds inter and intra-seasonal fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. Inside, however, caves are stable microenvironments. This stability offers archaeologists a rare opportunity to access a component of past life that was so central but, today, is so utterly absent from our records. The author decided to write this present work because of its intrinsic value for anthropological archaeology generally and for Maya archaeology specifically. How many ears of maize have Maya archaeologists found? How many bean cotyledons or squash rinds? How many fragments of cloth? The author recovered more archaeobotanical remains (in terms of diversity and overall abundance) than is commonly recovered from an entire habitation site from a single feature at Barton Creek Cave, and to his knowledge to date this monograph is the only one of its kind -the only full length book on paleoethnobotany in Maya archaeology. Although archaeobotanists continue to make methodological advances (especially in micro-floral research), it is still an under-utilized discipline in the Maya area.
Written by Dixie West, Virginia Hatfield, Elizabeth Wilmerding, Christine Lefèvre and Lyn Gualtieri.From the Introduction: 'North Adak Island is a dichotomy of brute, natural beauty and a horrific example of what modern humans and war can do to a landscape. The island also contains what up until now has been largely untapped scientific data about the peoples who inhabited the island centuries prior to historic contact. The following scientific papers document the three-year effort to recover, analyse, and present that information to the Native American and scientific communities.'
Papers presented at the Twelfth Annual Conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology held in Cambridge, September 2010. Contents: Introduction (Mitchell and Buckberry); 1) Human Evolution after the Origin of our Species: Bridging the gap between Palaeoanthropology and Bioarchaeology (Stock); 2) Sexual Dimorphism in Adult Skeletal Remains at Ban Non Wat, Thailand, during the Intensification of Agriculture in Early Prehistoric Southeast Asia (Clark, Tayles and Halcrow); 3) The Bioarchaeology of Agriculture in the Southern Levant: A Comparative Study of Epipaleolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Bronze Age Agriculturalists (Gasperetti); 4) Where Have we Been, Where Are we Now, and What Does the Future Hold? Palaeopathology in the UK over the Last 30 Years, with a Few Bees in my Bonnet (Roberts); 5) The Paleoparasitology of 17th-18th Century Spitalfields in London (Anastasiou, Mitchell and Jeffries); 6) Integrated Strategies for the use of Lipid Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Ancient Mycobacterial Disease (Lee, Bull, Molnar, Marcsick, Palfi, Donoghue, Besra and Minnikin); 7) A Comparative Study of Markers of Occupational Stress in Coastal Fishers and Inland Agriculturalists from Northern Chile (Ponce); 8) The Human Remains from the Medieval Islamic Cemetery of Can Fonoll, Ibiza, Spain: Preliminary Results (Kyriakou, Marquez-Grant, Langstaff, Samuels, Pacelli, Castro, Roig and Kranioti); 9) A New Known Age and Sex Collection at the Natural History Museum, London (Delbarre, Clegg, Kruszynski and Bonney); 10) Implementation of Preliminary Digital Radiographic Examination in the Confines of the Crypt of St Bride's Church, Fleet Street, London (Bekvalac); 11) A Revised Method for Assessing Tooth Wear in the Deciduous Dentition (Clement and Freyne); 12) A Study of Interobserver Variation in Cranial Measurements and the Resulting Consequences when Analysed using CranID (Slater and Smith); 13) Early Bronze Age Busta in Cambridgeshire? On-Site Experiments to Investigate the Effects of Fires and Pyres on Pits (Dodwell); 14) Archaeological Insights into the Disarticulation Pattern of a Human Body in a Sitting/Squatting Position (Gerdau Radonic); 15) Mortuary Practices at Aztalan: A Reappraisal of an Elite Burial at a Middle Mississippian Site in the Western Great Lakes Region of the Midwestern United States (Sullivan and Rodell); 16) Stature of Burials Interred with Weapons in Early Medieval England (Mays); The Uses of Field Anthropology on the Excavation of the St-Rumbold Cemetery, Mechelen, Belgium (Van de Vijver ).
Colloque / Symposium 9.2Commission XIVThis book includes papers (7 in French, 3 in English) from the session The Neolithisation Process from Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.
These 50 papers form the fifth in the series of thematic Deia (Majorca) International conferences of Prehistory, dedicated to bringing Balearic Prehistoric investigation and research out of insular and regional contexts and into the mainstream of Continental European prehistory. The thematic nature of these volumes has ranged from early settlement in this sector of the western Mediterranean (1st Deia Conference) to questions regarding the definition and understanding of the Bell Beaker Culture in the Western Mediterranean (2nd Deia-Oxford Conference), to the question and problems of archaeological techniques, technology, and theory in prehistory (3rd Deia Conference) and the subject of ritual, rites and religion in prehistory (4th Deia Conference). This volume represents the 5th Deia Conference, with its theme of status and state of world islands in prehistory. Although primarily concerned with the prehistoric Mediterranean as a whole, the 50 papers include references to wider contexts, Fiji, Easter Island, and Denmark.
For the history of Nabataean Aila, the importance of antiquities cannot be underestimated: the pottery recovered from the excavations of the Roman Aqaba Project (RAP) has provided much more information about the society and economy of the site than the writings of the ancient authors. The port of Aila is located at the northern head of the Gulf of Aqaba, on the Jordanian side of the modern Israeli/Jordanian border. From the mid-1st century BC through the early-2nd century AD, Aila was an important Nabataean entrepôt serving a variety of commercial and economic functions. In this volume the author focuses on the ceramic assemblage from the RAP excavations in an attempt to better understand the socio-economic conditions at the site during this period, as seen through its pottery. Subsequent investigation of this material, combined with a thorough examination of excavation reports and a detailed comparative analysis of ceramic assemblages scattered throughout Jordan and Israel, was carried out by the author and the results of this research have brought to light a great deal of new information regarding the society and economy of Nabataean Aila. The study examines the historical sources and archaeological evidence regarding Aila during the Nabataean period. Analysis of these sources provides important clues as to the rôle of Aila during the height of the Nabataean kingdom and shortly thereafter: this information both confirms and supplements the ancient authors and offers new insights into Aila's socio-economic history of Aila. Also included is a detailed analysis of the Nabataean and Early Roman pottery uncovered by the excavations. A discussion of the various wares and vessel types offers insights into the local pottery industry attests to the thriving trading activities of the ancient polis, amply demonstrated by the numerous imports recovered. The final chapter offers some preliminary conclusions regarding the society and economy of Nabataean Aila, including its strategic location as a nexus of trade, the goods and other possible commodities that the site may have produced and exported, and its role as a regional oasis that supplied its rural hinterland with a variety of products. Taken together, information provided by the present study sheds much light on the socio-economic history of Nabataean Aila. (Includes as an Appendix a catalogue of 44 selected examples of early Roman and Nabataean ware.)
This volume grew out of a symposium held at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in Philadelphia in 2000 entitled Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic City.
This book is principally about landscape archaeology, and how people experience the world around them. The authors of these highly original and varied 19 chapters/papers use the term landscape in its broadest possible sense to describe the entire material, spiritual and emotional world of people in the past. Thus, human artefacts such as tools or pottery vessels are as much part of landscapes as 'natural' features such as rocks and mountains, rivers and lakes. Buildings, towns and cities, trackways and roads, animals and plants - all of these form part of the human experience of landscapes, as do memories, myths, and stories. In fact, trying to define landscape archaeology can often prove as elusive as attempting definitions of landscape itself. Many archaeologists have argued for a much closer integration of artefactual, contextual and visual information within the text, and for ways of writing that transcend the limitations of conventional reports; the authors have therefore produced a different kind of archaeology book. Some of these papers are highly interpretative, but are based on solid, well-recorded empirical fieldwork carried out by the authors or others. Some papers are more experimental explorations of how landscapes are inhabited and viewed. Throughout the volume however, the contributors combine innovative ways of writing about the past with much greater and more integrated use of photographs and drawings. These images have a dynamic relationship with the text, and are themselves powerful statements of meaning, part of a dynamic dialogue. They do not merely supplement or complement the text, but are integral to our explorations of inhabitation and identity, space and place. Some images are meant to be challenging, or even unsettling, but we also hope that they will make the reading of this book a richer and more sensual experience as a result.
On the northwestern Plains of North America, most archaeologists have indicated that the movement of bison, whether seasonal or otherwise, influenced the movements of the Native people. Most researchers have argued that bison spent the summer on the plains but, as cooler weather approached, they sheltered themselves in the parkland, river valleys, and wooded uplands. The movement of Native people was expected to parallel that of the bison. Yet, some researchers persist in their convictions that bison were erratic and unpredictable in their movements. Still other researchers have argued that large-scale movements did not occur and bison were numerous on the plains throughout the year. Thus, Native people could only procure bison based on an 'encounter strategy' or by remaining in close proximity to a given herd or a 'herd following strategy'. In contrast, the first model suggests that bison migrated in relatively predictable patterns and, thus, could be procured using an 'intercept strategy'. To address the lack of consensus concerning bison movements and their effect of human movements this work evaluates models of bison movements by way of: 1) a review of modern understandings of bison ethology, 2) a review of historical literature, ethnographic data, and oral tradition regarding bison, and 3) the implementation of a technique (i.e., dental cementum increment analysis) used in the seasonal evaluation of modern and archaeological bison dentition.
Colloque international: Données récentes sur les modalités de peuplement et sur le cadre chronostratigraphique, géologique et paléogéographique des industries du Paléolithique ancien et moyen en Europe.Rennes, 22-25 septembre 2003.
Dedicated to Hal Ball, this volume contains twelve chapters dealing with specially selected aspects of each contributor's current research in the ancient past of the Maya, Mesoamerica, or Central American peoples. It is a compilation of individual studies that reflects the present state of knowledge on a considerable range of subjects.
Excavation of the Roman colony of Pollentia began in 1957. The initial effort was limited to the property Sa Portella immediately south of the city of Alcudia, Mallorca, where three atrium-style houses were uncovered. After 1963 attention turned to the search for and excavation of the Forum of Pollentia. Annual campaigns during the summer months in the area of the Forum were initiated in 1980 on the property Ca'n Reinés and continue to this day. A brief preliminary report on the excavations appeared in 1987, but a full account has never been published, and sadly much of the record has been lost over time. The purpose of this monograph is to give a brief history of early investigations on the site, to summarize the Sa Portella excavations, the reports on which are now out of print, and to present an account in English of the discoveries in the Forum area of the city.
The subject of this study is a collection of over one hundred intaglios, cameos, seals and rings acquired by Tom and Danielle White during a diplomatic posting in Burma (Myanmar) between 1985 and 1989. (Another private collection of intaglios, seals, sealings and other objects from Burma is described briefly in the Appendix.) Twenty rings from Java, also from the White collection, have been added at the end of the catalogue. Until now the few engraved gems from Burma which have been published are scattered through periodicals or only briefly mentioned in larger works. The opportunity has been taken in the present catalogue to compare, where possible, this collection from Burma with intaglios, sealings, coins and other objects from India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and elsewhere which may help to set this collection in its regional context. In Part B of the introduction brief descriptions are given of the main Pyu sites in Burma; and of the other 'Indianised' sites in Arakan and elsewhere in Southeast Asia, where engraved gems have been found.Photographs of the White Collection by Robert Wilkins
This book includes papers from a session at the German Archaeologists' Conference held in Leipzig in 1996. With short English abstracts.
This study focuses on the diversity with which early medieval society formed not only among macro European zones but also within individual areas, and thus on the need to look beyond the models elaborated during a phase in which archaeological sources were still fragmentary and inadequate. Through a combination of historical and documented-based investigation and the most recent extensive archaeological data, the author makes a comparative analysis of the different results of the movements of Germanic groups, especially in the particularly representative area of northern Italy and the Alpine system, during various periods: in the 5th century as auxiliary troops under the control of the same Roman Empire (Burgundians), then as the new military élites and finally as the new ruling class (Ostrogoths and Langobards), revealing how the cultural evolution of the new sites appears to be strictly correlated to different situations and often common to the new Germanic element and to the local Romanised components. Interesting and stimulating concepts that underscore the formation of a shared culture are presented in this contribution along with a refreshing new perspective of certain aspects, such as the evolution of clothing and funerary rituals, already considered expressions of simple ethnic preservation.
Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 5This book examines funerary practices in the State of Michoacan (Mexico) in the period of 1200 to 1520 AD. It adds new data to the results recently published by the French Michoacan Project, as funerary and mortuary practices in this region were ill known, due to a relative lack of archaeological investigations. Through the use of the new techniques of funerary anthropology, Pereira has been able to obtain new results, thus modifying in many respects our knowledge of this part of northern Mesoamerica.
The General Sessions and Posters from Section 7 of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.C 7.1: Landscape-Use During the Final-Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in NW-Europe: The Formation of Extensive Sites and Site-Complexes Coordinateur / Coordinator: Philippe CrombéC 7.2: Late Foragers and Early Farmers of the Lepenski Vir-Schela Cladovei Culture in the Iron Gates Gorges. A Metamorphosis of Technologies or AcculturationsCoordinateurs / Coordinators: Borislav Jovanovi¿, Dragana Antonovi¿C 7.3: Intrusive Farmers or Indigenous Foragers: The New Debate about the Ethnolinguistic Origins of EuropeCoordinateur / Coordinator: Mario AlineiÉdité par / Edited by: Le Secrétariat du CongrèsPrésidents de la Section 7: Philippe Crombé & Pierre Vermeersch
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